VT140 Bovine Medicine

Which regional analgesic technique involves injection of lidocaine vertically behind the last rib and horizontally below the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae?

Inverted-L block

Regarding the Bier block

Lidocaine without epinephrine (2%) is injected intravenously.

Which regional analgesic technique involves injection of lidocaine directly over the incision?

Line block

In cattle, an epidural block is performed by inserting the needle between

Cy1 and Cy2

Mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is thought to have originated in what species?

Sheep

Bovine leukosis virus in cattle causes

cancer

Adult cattle have how many upper incisors?

0

If an entire cattle herd is tested negative for brucellosis on two occasions, __ months apart, it may qualify as a certified brucellosis-free herd

10 to 14

A circumferential ring block for declawing requires SQ injection of 0.5% bupivacaine at a dose of

1.0 mL/10 lb body weight

What are the normal temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate of a cow?

101.5° F, 60/min, 20/min

For suturing a uterine incision in a cow, the proper suture size is

2

What is the average frequency of ruminations for ruminants?

2/minute

A cloven-hoofed animal stands on which digits?

3 and 4

Which bovine brucellosis ear tattoo is incorrect?

5V2

Abomasal displacements are most likely to occur in the first _____ weeks after parturition.

6

The normal pH of the rumen is

6.5-6.8

In any given herd, ___________ of the cows and heifers will test positive for subclinical mastitis.

90% to 95%

All of the following statements are true except

? not Common sites for SQ injections include the axilla and ventral aspect of the flank.

Which of the following statements regarding the placenta of cattle during parturition is not true?

? not Manual removal of a retained placenta is the first method attempted by experienced clinicians, Delayed separation of the placentomes from the uterus during dystocia allows continued oxygenation of the fetus.

The "triangle" of the lateral cervical area is bordered dorsally by the

? not Nuchal ligament

Which of the following statements regarding the euthanasia of cattle is not true?

A euthanized animal can be sent for rendering without concern over chemical residues.

The procedure used to achieve surgical fixation of the true stomach compartment of a cow is

Abomasopexy

The breed of beef cattle that is black and polled is the

Angus

Which bovine castration method has been linked to the development of tetanus?

Application of an elastrator band

When "tail jacking" a cow, grasp the tail

At the base and elevate it dorsally and directly in the midline

Which of the following diseases would present with inflammation and necrotic tissue in the interdigital cleft?

Foot rot

All of the following statements about intramuscular injections in cattle are true except

Because of the costs associated with injection site lesions, IM injections are recommended

The breed of beef cattle noted for its heat tolerance is the

Brahman

What disease can cause cyclic fever in people and can be contracted from cattle?

Brucellosis

Infertility and abortion in cattle can be caused by

Campylobacter fetus

The term down animal or downer is usually used to describe _____ that are unable to stand.

Cattle

Which is the incorrect statement regarding bovine anesthesia?

Cattle should be placed in lateral recumbency during recovery.

Cattle are tested for tuberculosis by injection with tuberculin in what site and are reexamined how long after the injection?

Caudal fold, 72 hours

For what bovine surgical procedure are obstetric (OB) chains used?

Cesarean section

Which of the following statements about intramammary infusion is not true?

Clean the teats, and then infuse them in the same order (e.g., cranial to caudal).

What animals have a dental pad in place of upper incisors and canines?

Cow, goat

When performing venipuncture on the jugular vein in cattle

Direct the needle either cranially or caudally

Which regional analgesic technique involves injection of lidocaine parallel to transverse processes of the vertebrae L1, L2, and L4?

Distal paravertebral block

Which of the following types of castration is bloodless and involves crushing the spermatic cord through the skin without making an incision?

Emasculatome

Ruminants should be placed in sternal recumbency during recovery to allow them to:

Eructate

The periodic elimination of excess gas from the ruminant forestomach is termed

Eructation

The process or structure in a newborn ruminant animal that allows milk to bypass the rumen and reticulum and go directly to the omasum is the

Esophageal groove

Which of the following parasites causes inflammation of the liver?

Fasciola hepatica

What abdominal incision is most appropriate for a standing cesarean section on a heifer?

Flank

For which of the following viral diseases is a vaccine not available?

Foot and mouth disease

In a bovine patient with foot problems, which claws are most likely involved because they are the weight-bearing claws?

Front medial and hind lateral

In the ruminant foot, which claws bear the most weight?

Front medial and hind lateral claws

Which is a dairy breed?

Guernsey

Which of the following is the scientific name for the "barber's pole" worm?

Haemonchus placei

The breed of dairy cow that is usually black and white is the

Holstein

All of the following statements are true except

Hooves on cattle stop growing after 2 to 3 years, depending on breed.

Milk fever may have all of the following clinical signs except

Hypersalivation

During general anesthesia, ruminants are less prone than other domestic species to

Hypotension

Milk fever in dairy cows is typically treated with

IV calcium

A Buhner needle is used

In repair of bovine vaginal and uterine prolapses

All of the following statements about mastitis are true except

It is not contagious.

Which disease affects both cattle and small ruminants?

Johne's

The colloquial term for acetonemia in cattle is

Ketosis

Which of the following diseases in dairy cattle is caused when the animal uses its fat reserves to meet energy requirements?

Ketosis

A large-bore tube used to remove ingesta, liquid, and gas from the rumen of a cow is called a

Kingman tube

What incision is the most appropriate for a rumenotomy in a standing cow?

Left flank

Because it is less expensive and least toxic, which of the following local anesthetics is used most commonly in farm animals?

Lidocaine

Which of the following local anesthetics has a toxic dose of 13 mg/kg body weight in cattle?

Lidocaine

The analgesic class most commonly used in ruminants is

Local anesthetics

Milk fever is caused by a

Lowered blood calcium level

Guaifenesin is most often used in horses and cattle to provide

Muscle relaxation

All of the following statements about urolithiasis are true except

Nutritional management should include attaining a urine pH greater than 7.2 in order to minimize stone formation.

Damage to what nerve, most commonly affected by dystocia's, results in the inability to adduct the rear legs of a cow?

Obturator

The ruminant forestomach that dehydrates and grinds feed is the

Omasum

Dairy cows should have their hooves trimmed

Once a year

The procedure used as a salvage surgery in feedlot steers with obstructive urolithiasis is the

Perineal urethrostomy

Of the following, which one can be used under certain circumstances in food-producing animals?

Phenylbutazone

The most commonly used NSAIDs in large animals are

Phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine

The most common health problem encountered in cattle that have been recently shipped is

Pneumonia

Regarding orogastric intubation in cattle

Proper placement of the tube in the rumen can be confirmed with a stethoscope.

Which regional analgesic technique involves injection of lidocaine cranial to transverse processes of L1, L2, and L3 in the bovine patient?

Proximal paravertebral block

Scours in calves

Requires treatment to replenish fluids

Hardware disease is usually associated with ingestion of nails, wire, or other sharp objects. The portion of the digestive tract that collects these objects is the

Reticulum

The smallest ruminant forestomach, and the one most commonly involved in hardware disease, is the

Reticulum

Which of the following statements about rumen fluid collection is true?

Rumenocentesis is performed caudal to the xiphoid process and left of ventral midline.

Which anesthetic inhalant gas is used at 4% to 6% for induction and at 3% to 4% for maintenance?

Sevoflurane

What suture pattern is most commonly used in large-animal surgery?

Simple interrupted

Rumen inoculation is

Siphoning ruminal contents from a healthy animal and introducing them into the rumen of a debilitated animal

Cesarean sections in cattle are most commonly performed via what surgical approach?

Through the left paralumbar fossa

Which of the following statements about mastitis testing is true?

The California mastitis test is used on individuals to identify which quarters or halves of the udder are infected.

What is the difference between an emasculatome and an emasculator?

The emasculatome crushes the spermatic cord, whereas the emasculator crushes and cuts the spermatic cord.

Which of the following statements about venipuncture in cattle is true?

The large milk veins are inappropriate for venipuncture.

The area that must be prepared prior to abdominal surgery in cattle to correct GI abnormalities such as an abomasal volvulus or cecal volvulus, is typically

The right paralumbar fossa

Otobius megnini is a

Tick

Which of the following is not a reason to dehorn cattle?

To treat parasitic invasions of the frontal sinus

In the ruminant animal, the fermentation process produces gas in the rumen, which, if not eliminated, can cause a condition called bloat. What instrument can be used to relieve this condition?

Trocar

The "plank-in-the-flank" method is a technique used to correct a

Uterine torsion in a cow

Which type of prolapse would include oxytocin and calcium as part of the treatment?

Uterine

Which of these is not a common surgical site for correction of a left-displaced abomasum in cattle?

Ventral midline

Which of the following mastitis tests is performed by the plant receiving the milk shipped from the farm?

Wisconsin mastitis test

A Krey hook is a device used to

perform a fetotomy

PPV causes death and resorption of fetus

at less than 30 days of gestation

PPV causes death and mummification of the fetus

between 30 and 70 days of gestation

Which of the following is not a zoonotic disease?

malignant edema

Chorioptes spp. is a

mite