VU HIST 139 Final Exam Review

Trail of Tears

A 1,200-mile forced march of Cherokees from the Southeastern U.S. to Indian Territory from 1838-1839.

plantation

A large scale southern farm specializing in cash crops with at least 20 slaves.

yeoman farmer

A poor farmer with a small plot of land worked by himself and his family.

The Liberator

Abolitionist newspaper launched by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831 calling for an immediate end to slavery.

spoils system

Andrew Jackson's system for selecting his cabinet members from political factions that were loyal to him.

Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest day of the Civil War. Occurred on September 17, 1862.

ratification of the 13th Amendment

Both Lincoln's and Johnson's plans for reconstruction shared an emphasis on __________.

50%

By 1770, what percentage of colonists traced their ancestry to England?

Richmond, Virginia

Capital of the Confederacy.

three-fifths clause

Decision at the Constitutional Convention on how to count slaves in regard to apportionment of representatives and taxation.

older women

During the Salem witch trials, most of the people accused of being witches were ___________.

steam energy

Energy source used during the 1840s and 1850s which allowed factories to become more productive.

Proclamation of 1763

Forbade all settlement west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains after the end of the French and Indian War.

Harriet Tubman

Founder of the underground railroad to help fugitive slaves escape from the South.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel that put forth a stirring moral indictment of slavery.

Boston Massacre

Incident on March 5, 1770, in which British Army soldiers shot and killed 5 people while under attack by a mob.

cotton gin

Invention that allowed cotton production to expand to the West in the 1800s.

George Rogers Clark

Leader of a group of Kentucky militiamen who attacked the British at Kaskaskia and Vincennes during the Revolutionary War.

caravel

Light sailing ship used by the Portuguese for long voyages during the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries.

10% Plan - ten percent of the voting population must take an oath of allegiance before forming a new government

Lincoln's plan for reconstruction.

Fort Sumter, South Carolina

Location of the first military action of the Civil War.

young women seeking freedom from parental authority

Main workforce of the New England textile mills until the 1840s.

eleven

Number of slave states that joined the Confederacy.

Fugitive Slave Act

Part of the Compromise of 1850 that required all citizens to assist officials in apprehending runaway slaves.

indentured servants

People temporarily under contract to work 4 to 7 years in exchange for passage paid from England to the Chesapeake area.

historians

People who concentrate on written documents to determine the attitudes of a people.

North & South America became detached from the continent of Pangaea.

Reason for the early, prolonged absence of humans in the Western Hemisphere.

partible inheritance

Seventeenth century system of inheritance in which New England families subdivided land equally among all of the sons.

Monroe Doctrine

Statement made in 1823 that the Americas "are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power."

Marbury v. Madison

Supreme Court decision of 1803 which gave the Court the power of judicial review to declare laws unconstitutional.

manifest destiny

Term coined by John L. O'Sullivan for the widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America.

paternalism

Term describing the master's relationship with his slaves as care and guidance exchanged for labor and obedience.

turn back and defeat the British

The American strategy in the Revolutionary War.

mercantilism

The English Navigation Acts of the 1650s and 1660s were designed to regulate colonial trade to yield revenues for the crown and English merchants. This type of economic policy is called __________.

Massachusetts

The colony were the first street demonstrations against the Stamp Act occurred.

slavery

The defining feature of southern colonies in the eighteenth century?

South Carolina

The first state to secede from the Union after Lincoln's election.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in New York from July 19-30, 1848, advocating for women's suffrage.

natural increase

The huge increase in the slave population in the south during the second half of the eighteenth century was a result of the Atlantic slave trade and _________.

predestination

The idea that a person could do nothing to change God's ruling on their fate on salvation after death.

virtual representation

The idea that the British House of Commons represented all British subjects, including the colonists.

difficulty supplying their army with food and supplies

The major obstacle faced by the British army during the Revolutionary War.

Louisiana Purchase

The purchase of 828,000 square miles from France for $15,000,000 in 1803 negotiated by Robert R. Livingston, U.S. minister to France.

Columbian Exchange

The transatlantic exchange of goods, people, and ideas between the New World and Europe.

liquor

This item offered to Indian tribes in treaties made with the United States devastated many tribes.

Bill of Rights (1st 10 amendments to U.S. Constitution)

This was added to the U.S. Constitution in 1789 to fulfill promises made at the Constitutional Convention.

a sea route around Africa to Asia

What allowed merchants to charge lower prices for imported Eastern goods during the 15th century?

agriculture

What encouraged the gradual establishment of permanent settlements in Archaic cultures?

the Articles of Confederation had many weaknesses

What had the delegates to the Constitutional Convention already concluded about the Articles of Confederation?

British soldiers set fire to much of the city, including the White House

What happened in Washington, D.C. in 1814 during the War of 1812?

they were caught and returned to their masters

What happened to most runaway slaves?

it surrendered to the English and became New York

What happened to the Dutch colony of New Netherland in 1664?

clashes with Indian tribes already on the land

What made settlement of the Northwest Territory difficult?

corruption

What problem plagued the Republican governments of the Reconstruction South?

that he had no right to interfere with slavery in the South

What promise did Lincoln make to the South in his first inaugural address?

spread of diseases

What was one negative result of contact and trade between peoples of the Old and New Worlds?

tobacco

What was the main cash crop in Virginia in colonial America?

how to balance the interests of large and small states

What was the main issue up for debate at the Constitutional Convention?

John Adams a Federalist was elected president and Thomas Jefferson a Democratic-Republican was elected vice-president. Top two vote getters.

What was the outcome of the presidential election of 1796 between John Adams a Federalist and Thomas Jefferson a Democratic-Republican?

Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, both Democratic-Republicans, tied in the Electoral College. 36 House votes later, Alexander Hamilton threw his support behind Jefferson because he thought Burr would be too dangerous as president.

What was the outcome of the presidential election of 1800?

East Indies

When Columbus first arrived in the New World, where did he think he was?

France

Which foreign power allied with the Americans after the battle of Saratoga during the Revolutionary War?

to help pay England's war debt after the French and Indian War / Seven Year's War

Why did King George III decide to start taxing the colonists?

violation of the Tenure of Office Act of 1867 requiring Senate approval to remove certain officeholders

Why was Andrew Johnson impeached in 1868?