warner quiz 12

What ion that is found in bananas plays an important role inside the body's cells?

potassium

Chemical __________ energy is the energy stored in the chemical bonds.

potential

The two basic types of energy are:

potential and kinetic

Give the general equation for an exothermic reaction.

reactants → products + energy

What term describes a fluid such as water that is cloudy in appearance?

turbid

Which of the following examples illustrates the phrase, "like dissolves like"?

two of the above

Which of the following reactions is exothermic?

two of the above

The ___________ effect is the scattering of visible light by colloidal particles.

tyndall

The scattering of light by dispersed particles is called the _____ effect.

tyndall

Which of the following methods can be used to dilute a concentrated solution?

Increase the amount of solvent

When energy is transferred to a body as heat, its internal energy _____.

Increases

Does polyatomic ions dissociate when dissolved in water?

No

Because of water's _____ intermolecular forces, its rate of evaporation is very _____.

strong; low

The attraction of molecules at the surface of a liquid to one another is called _____________ _____________

surface tension

Dispersed particles vary in size in solutions, suspensions, and colloids. Rank them from largest to smallest particle size.

suspensions > colloids > solutions

Thermal equilibrium is attained when two objects have the same...

temperature

Solution M is unsaturated. When solute is added to solution M

the solute dissolves

Which type of energy is transferred between the two objects due to the temperature difference between them?

thermal

The study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions is called _____.

thermochemistry

____________ is the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and during changes of state.

thermochemistry

Covalent crystals are considered nonelectrolytes. What does this mean?

they do not conduct electricity

Which of the following statements is/are correct for colloidal solutions?

all of the above

Which statement about the chemical reactions of photosynthesis is true?

all of the above

The size of colloidal particles range from _____.

1 nm to 1,000 nm

Which statement is TRUE about the relationship between heat and temperature in reactions?

A reaction that releases heat will feel warmer.

Dispersed particles in a suspension are what size compared to the particles of the dispersing medium?

1000 times larger

At 20°C, the maximum amount of NaCl that will dissolve in 100.0 g of water is 36.0 g. Which of these saltwater solutions is unsaturated?

350 g of salt in 1 L of water at 20 °C

Which observation(s) would immediately indicate that an exothermic reaction has occurred?

A reaction glows bright with light. A reaction feels spontaneously hot

Which observation would indicate that an endothermic reaction has occurred?

A reaction starts to feel cold on its own.

Which statement is TRUE about the relationship between heat and temperature in reactions?

A reaction that absorbs heat will feel colder.

Which statement(s) is/are TRUE about combustion reactions?

ALL combustion reactions are exothermic. Combustion reactions release energy in the form of heat.

Why does surface tension of liquids generally decreases with increase of temperature?

Both A and B

Which is the correct dissociation equation for cesium bromide?

CsBr(s)→Cs+(aq)+Br−(aq)

Which ions are present in a solution of calcium carbonate, CaCO3CaCO3?

Ca2+,CO2−3

Which of the following is the name of the substance that keeps parts of an emulsion mixed together?

Emulsifying agent

Which of the following best describes how energy can be written in chemical equations for endothermic reactions?

Energy can be written as a reactant on the left side of the arrow since energy is being absorbed in the reaction.

Which of the following best describes how energy can be written in chemical equations for exothermic reactions?

Energy can written as a product on the right side of the arrow since it is being released.

Which statement(s) is/are TRUE about energy and exothermic reactions?

Energy is involved in ALL chemical reactions. Some energy is released in the course of all chemical reactions. A reaction is exothermic if more energy is released than absorbed by the reaction

After a certain reaction, it is determined that the total energy of the products is higher than the total energy of the original reactants. What happened with energy in the reaction?

Energy was absorbed from the surroundings.

After a certain reaction, it is determined that the total energy of the products is lower than the total energy of the original reactants. What happened with energy in the reaction?

Energy was released into the surroundings.

The rate of dissolution of the solutes in a saturated solution is:

Equal to the rate of crystallization

A solute is the component of a solution that is present in a larger amount (by weight) than the other component.

FALSE

All solutes are solids.

FALSE

An important feature of all non-electrolytes is that they can conduct electricity.

FALSE

An increase in temperature leads to decreases in vapor pressure.

FALSE

An unsaturated solution of sodium chloride upon heating becomes saturated.

FALSE

Heat and temperature are the same thing.

FALSE

Heat flows from a colder object to a warmer object until their temperatures are the same.

FALSE

Potential energy does not depend upon the composition of a substance.

FALSE

Solutions which include water are called non-aqueous solutions.

FALSE

Suspensions are mixtures in which the particles cannot be separated by filtration.

FALSE

The covalent bonds within a polyatomic break apart when compounds that contain them dissociate.

FALSE

The solubility of a given solute is the same in every solvent.

FALSE

True or False Non-electrolytic solutions are good conductors of electricity.

FALSE

When the temperature is kept constant, evaporation stops.

FALSE

When the total heat of an object is increased, the molecular vibrations in the object decrease, reducing the total energy of the object.

FALSE

In a solution of hydrogen in palladium, _____ is used as a solute and _____ is used as a solvent.

Gas, solid

A book sitting on a high shelf falls to the floor. What best describes the energy conversion during the fall?

Gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.

Choose the equation for the dissociation of KBr in water.

K+ + Br−

Which ions are present in a solution of potassium nitrate, KNO3KNO3?

K+,NO3−

Delicious Kool-aid is a common solution enjoyed in the summertime. Which of the following correctly describes this solution?

Kool-aid mix is the solute and water is the solvent

All energy must be accounted for in every physical or chemical process. This is a statement of the _____.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Which ions are present in a solution of lithium hydroxide, LiOH?

Li+,OH−

Which of the following is not true for electrolytes?

Metals, graphite and minerals are examples of electrolytic conductors

Which relationship between chemical bonds and energy is observed in an exothermic reaction?

More energy is released by forming new bonds in the products than is required to break bonds in the reactants.

Which relationship between chemical bonds and energy is observed in an endothermic reaction?

More energy is required to break bonds in the reactants than is released by forming new bonds in the products.

Choose the equation for the dissociation of NH4ClNH4Cl in water.

NH+4 + Cl−

5 g sodium is dissolved in 100 mL liquid ammonia. The solute(s) of the resulting solution is (are):

Na

1 g sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 mL ethanol. The solute of the resulting solution is:

NaCl

An open glass of water is placed on the table. After a while, the temperatures and volume of the water are both altered. What kind of system does this describe?

Open system

What is the relationship between energy and temperature in endothermic reactions?

Products have higher energy than reactants, but the temperature at the end is lower.

What is the relationship between energy and temperature in exothermic reactions?

Products have lower energy than reactants, but the temperature at the end is higher.

Seawater is an example of a _____ solution.

Solid in liquid

Out of the solute and solvent of a solution, which one is present in a larger quantity?

Solvent

Which statement(s) is/are TRUE about energy and endothermic reactions?

Some energy is absorbed in the course of all chemical reactions. Chemical reactions ALWAYS involve energy. A reaction is endothermic if more energy is absorbed than released by the reaction.

Which process(es) below are likely to be endothermic?

Storing energy in chemical bonds. Melting ice into liquid water.

A compound whose aqueous solution does not conduct electricity is called a nonelectrolyte.

TRUE

A solution is a homogeneous mixture consisting of a solute dissolved into a solvent.

TRUE

A solution may have multiple solutes and those solutes may be in different states.

TRUE

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of large particles.

TRUE

All ionic compounds are electrolytes.

TRUE

Brass is an example of solid in solid solution in which zinc is used as a solid and copper is used as a solvent.

TRUE

Heat flows from an object at higher temperature to an object at lower temperature.

TRUE

Humid air is an example of a liquid dissolved in a gas.

TRUE

In a colloidal solution, the dispersed phase is uniformly distributed in the dispersion medium.

TRUE

In a solution of saltwater, the salt is the solute and the water is the solvent.

TRUE

Molecular compounds are usually non-electrolytes. They do not dissociate to form ions.

TRUE

Non-electrolytes do not conduct electricity.

TRUE

Potential energy remains available until utilized for any process.

TRUE

Solutions can be classified as saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated.

TRUE

The most common example of gas in a liquid solution is soft drinks in which carbon dioxide is a gas dissolved in water.

TRUE

The part of a solution which is present in the largest amount is called the solvent.

TRUE

The parts of a suspension can be separated by filtration.

TRUE

True or False: At the same temperature, the concentration of solute in a supersaturated solution is higher than that in a saturated solution.

TRUE

True or False: Increasing the volume of solvent or decreasing the amount of solute can both be used to dilute a concentrated solution.

TRUE

True or False: The concentration of a solution can be diluted infinitely by adding solvent.

TRUE

True or False: An object absorbing heat energy would cause a rise in the object's temperature.

TRUE

Water requires a very large amount of energy to undergo a change of state compared to most molecular compounds.

TRUE

When salts are dissolved in polar solvents, both positive and negative ions are formed.

TRUE

is an atom of element A is an atom of element B A sample of the ionic compound AB was placed in a beaker of water shown below (water molecules not shown): True or False: AB forms an electrolyte solution.

TRUE

Which of the following is false?

Table salt dissolves in carbon tetrachloride

A cup of hot water is placed next to a cup of cold water. After a while, the temperatures of water in both cups are equal. What kind of system does this describe?

closed system

In a reaction between barium hydroxide and ammonium chloride:

The energy stored in the bonds of the products is larger compared to the energy stored in the bonds of the reactants

Which of the following can be said in the crystallization of liquid salt?

The energy stored in the bonds of the products is smaller compared to the energy stored in the bonds of the reactants

Which of the following is true for saturated solutions?

The rate of dissolving is equal to rate of crystallization

An emulsion is a ___________ dispersion of a liquid in either a liquid or a solid.

collodial

How do the melting and boiling points of water compare to that of other molecular compounds of similar molar mass?

They are both much higher.

An example(s) of a suspension is _____.

all of the above

Chemical potential energy is energy stored in the _____.

all of the above

What is an example of a suspension mixture?

all of the above

Which of the following could cause an object's temperature to rise?

all of the above

Which of the following will form electrolyte solutions and conduct electricity?

[(CH3)3Si]2NLi

What is a solution equilibrium?

a solution in which the rate of dissolving equals the rate of recrystallizing

The breaking of chemical bonds _____ energy, while the forming of bonds _____ energy.

absorbs; releases

A solid-solid solution is called a(n) _____.

alloy

Compared to the particles in a liquid lava sample, the particles in a hardened lava sample

are moving more slowly

is a sodium atom is a carbon atom is a chlorine atom is an oxygen atom Given the information above, identify the electrolyte solutions below:

big orange dots w + small blue dots with -

Which of the following are example(s) of an endothermic reaction or process?

both a and b

Which of the following is/are true?

both a and b

The rapid, random motion of colloidal particles which cause them to scintillate is called _____ motion.

brownian

_____ motion is the mathematical model used to describe the random movement of particles suspended in a fluid.

brownian

What ion that is found in milk important for the development of bones and teeth?

calcium

Ionic compounds dissociate into:

cations and anions

Thermochemistry is the study of the relationship between heat energy and...

chemical energy

The distinguishing characteristic of all electrolyte solutions is that they

conduct electricity

In a mixture of sand and water, the water is called the _____.

dispersing medium

The _____________ is the separation of ions that occurs when a solid ionic compound dissolves.

dissociation

Compounds that are nonelectrolytes:

dissolve, but do not dissociate in water

Colloids _____ display the Tyndall effect because the dispersed particles are _____ than those of solutions.

do; larger

A compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or melted are known as ________________

electrolyte

What force separates the parts of a suspension from one another?

gravity

0.1 g sodium is dissolved in 55 mL ethanol. The solvent of the resulting solution is:

ethanol

Choose the examples of nonelectrolytes.

ethanol, sugar

Which part of milk is in suspension?

fats proteins

Which components of milk are not water soluble and thus are part of a suspension?

fats and proteins

A solid material in a suspension can be separated from the liquid component by means of ______.

filtration

For 'gas in liquid solution', which of the following will act as a solute?

gas

A colloid is a _______ mixture whose particle size is intermediate between those of a solution and a suspension.

heterogeneous

Is a suspension a heterogeneous or a homogeneous mixture?

heterogeneous

A mixture of sand in water is _____. A mixture of salt dissolved in water is _____.

heterogeneous; homogeneous

A solution is a _____ mixture of a _____ dissolved into a _____.

homogeneous; solute; solvent

Water's unusual properties are primarily due to _____.

hydrogen bonding

Which is NOT a result of water's surface tension?

ice floating in liquid water

What type of substance dissociates?

ionic compounds

The Tyndall effect is the absorption of _____ by particles.

light

Choose the dispersion medium in blood.

liquid

10 g potassium is dissolved in 200 mL liquid ammonia. The solvent of the resulting solution is:

liquid ammonia

Water's surface tension creates a curved surface in a thin column of water called a _____.

meniscus

What is the main component in most dental amalgams?

mercury

What is the solvent in air?

nitrogen

A compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or in the molten state is called a

nonelectrolyte

Glucose will not dissociate in water. It is a

nonelectrolyte

Which of the following systems can exchange matter?

open system

_____ is a solute and _____ is a solvent in the atmosphere of earth.

oxygen, nitrogen

Complete the sentence using one of the following terms: saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated. A solution that has reached equilibrium and has undissolved solute remaining in the solution must be a _____ solution.

saturated

Which of the following solutions will reach dynamic equilibrium?

saturated solution

Choose the examples of electrolytes.

sodium chloride, calcium carbonate

What is the dispersed phase in colloidal sol and emulsion?

solid and liquid

Which can be a solute in an aqueous solution?

solid, liquid, or gas

_____ is the material present in the smaller amount.

solute

In which of the mixtures below do the dispersed particles NOT settle out upon standing?

solutions and colloids

In a solution, the _____ is the material present in the large amount.

solvent

Nitrogen is the ____ in air.

solvent

A and B are two solutions which have the same solute in different amount of solvent. Assuming solution A is a saturated solution, solution B is

unsaturated

A solution K is saturated at 33 g per 100 g of water. If 50 g of K is dissolved in 200 g of water, solution K is

unsaturated

Solution X is saturated at 40 g per 100 g of water. If 45 g of X is dissolved in 150 g of water, will the solution be saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated?

unsaturated

The _________ pressure is the pressure produced when molecules are released from the liquid state and enter the gaseous state above the surface of the liquid.

vapor

The addition of heat causes the individual particles of a solid to _____.

vibrate more rapidly

15 mL water is added to in 50 mL aqueous KCl solution. The solvent of the resulting solution is:

water

An aqueous solution is one in which:

water is the solvent

Does heat flow from the region of higher temperature to the region of lower temperature?

yes