Water

How is water polar?

-In each water molecule, the oxygen atom attracts more than its "fair share" of electrons • The hydrogen end "acts" positive• Causes the water to be polar • However, Water is neutral (equal number of e- and p+) --- zero net charge

How does water help homeostasis

-Makes a good insulator -Resists temperature change -Universal solvent which helps dissolve foods in the stomach -Coolant -Ice protects against temperature extremes ( insulates frozen lakes)

How does capillary action form and how does it work

-it forms because of adhesion -Which gives water the ability to "climb" structures

What are the different problems stopping water from being pure

-pH -Bacteria -Metals (Iron, copper) -Pesticides/Herbicides -Nitrate Level

which number is the most alkaline?

14

How much more acidic is a pH of 5 compared to a pH of 6?

A pH of 5 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 6

what is water

A water molecule (H2O), is made up of 3 atoms --- one oxygen and two hydrogen

Which property of water is responsible for the meniscus

Adhesion

What is density?

Density is a mass of a unit volume of a material substance

Explain how our kidneys filter water and how the universal solvent property is important in that process.

Kidneys are responsible for filtering out the substances that we put in our bodies the universal solvent comes in and dissolves the substance and sends everything out of the body.

What is the Interaction Between Water Molecules

Negative oxygen end of one water molecule is attracted to the positive end of another water molecule to form a hydrogen bond

Why is the density of water so important to life on earth?

The density of water is important because it enables living organisms to live in oceans and seas.

What is a 'polar' arrangement?

The polar arrangement is one end of the molecule has a positive charge and the other side has a negative charge

What is the meniscus of water?

a curve in the surface of a molecular substance

How does the heat capacity of water help to regulate the climate and seasonal temperatures?

helps regulate the rate at which air changes temperature, which is why the temperature change between seasons is gradual rather than sudden, especially near the oceans

What is pH?

how acidic or basic any fluid is. When the level is at 7 it is a neutral and the water is safe to drink from acidity.

Why is water called a 'universal solvent'?

it dissolves more substances than any other liquid

What does it mean for water to have a high heat capacity?

it takes more energy to increase the temperature of water compared to other substances

Why is water less dense when it is in a frozen state

the orientation of hydrogen bonds causes molecules to push farther apart, which lowers the density.

What causes surface tension?

the water molecules attract one another as each molecule forms a bond with the other the force causes the molecules on the surface to resist being stretched or broken. (cohesion)

What makes water so unique?

the water molecules do something called cohesion which allows some insects to walk on the surface of the water and different objects to float/stay on the surface as well

What does it mean to have a pH of '7'?

this means that the water is safe to drink from acidity

How does the surface tension of water compare to the surface tension of other liquids?

water has a high surface tension

When water is heated, what happens to its density and when it freezes what happens to the density

when heated the density increases when freezes the density decreases

Why is water important to living things?

when water goes anywhere it brings useful chemicals minerals and nutrients

what is High Specific Heat

• Amount of heat needed to raise or lower 1g of a substance 1° C. • Water resists temperature change, both for heating and cooling. • Water can absorb or release large amounts of heat energy with little change in actual temperature.

What are the properties of water?

• At sea level, pure water boils at 100 °C and freezes at 0 °C. • The boiling temperature of water decreases at higher elevations (lower atmospheric pressure). • For this reason, an egg will take longer to boil at higher altitudes • Cohesion • Adhesion • High Specific Heat • High Heat of Vaporization• Less Dense as a Solid

What is cohesion?

• Attraction between particles of the same substance ( why water is attracted to itself) • Results in surface tension (a measure of the strength of water's surface) • Produces a surface film on water that allows insects to walk on the surface of water

What is adhesion

• Attraction between two different substances • Water will make hydrogen bonds with other surfaces such as glass, soil, plant tissues, and cotton. • Capillary Action -water molecules will "tow" each other along when in a thin glass tube. • Example: transpiration process which plants and trees remove water from the soil, and paper towels soak up water.

how do Hydrogen Bonds Exist Between Water Molecules

• Formed between a highly electronegative atom of a polar molecule and a hydrogen • One hydrogen bond is weak, but many hydrogen bonds are strong

Why is Water Less Dense as a Solid

• Ice is less dense as a solid than as a liquid (ice floats) • Liquid water has hydrogen bonds that are constantly being broken and reformed. • Frozen water forms a crystal-like lattice whereby molecules are set at fixed distances.

Explain solution

• Ionic compounds disperse as ions in water • Evenly distributed- SOLUTE- Substance that is being dissolved- SOLVENT- Substance into which the solute dissolves