Wave Study

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Phrases that DEFINE the Amplitude of Transverse

1. The distance from the rest position to a trough or a crest 2. The maximum distance the particles of a medium move up or down from their resting position. 3. The distance from the top of a crest or the bottom of a trough.

Electromagnetic Wave

A Wave that does not need a medium to travel (like a sun or sound wave)

Sound

A disturbance that travels through the medium. It is a longitudinal wave that depends of the elasticity, the density AND the temperature of the medium. The greater the intensity, the louder the wave. It is measured in decibels (dB).

Medium

A medium is a material in which a wave travels through (it can be a solid, a liquid and a gas)

Vibration

A repeated back-and-forth or up-and-down motion.

What is a wave?

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place.

What are the basic properties of waves?

Ampltitude Wavelength Frequency Speed

Info on Sound Waves

Frequency- vocal cords determine this Pitch- High or low, depending on your frequency Resonance- the frequency of sound waves= the object's natural frequency (vibrations)

Formula to find frequency

Frequency= Speed/Wavelegnth THIS YOU CANNOT CHANGE

Speed

How far the wave travels in one unit of time.

The Unit used to measure the frequency

Hz (hertz)

If you. . .

If you increase the frequency of a wave and the speed stays the same, the wavelength must decrease.

The frequency is one wave per second

If you make one wave pass every second what is the frequency?

Wavelength

It is the distance between two corresponding parts of a wave.

The Amplitude of a wave is the direct measure of what?

Its energy

Formula to find speed

Speed= Wavelength X Frquency or Speed= Frequency X Wavelegnth

Energy

The ability to do work.

Amplitude

The amplitude is the maximum distance the particles of the medium carrying a wave move away from the resting position.

What is the Amplitude of a Longitudinal Wave?

The amplitude of a longitudinal wave is a measure of how compressed or rarefied the medium becomes.

What is the amplitude of water?

The amplitude of water is the measure of the particles BEFORE it was disturbed.

Doppler Affect

The apparent change in frequency of as a wave source moves in relation to the listener.

What Happens when a wave passed under a duck on a pond?

The duck moves back and forth slightly, but does NOT move with the actual wave.

Crests

The highest part of a transverse wave.

Troughs

The lowest parts of a transverse wave.

What does a rest position represent?

The motion before the medium was disturbed.

Frequency

The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time.

Rarefactions

The parts of a longitudinal waves where the particles are more spread out. (Back to the spring, the coils are farther apart now!)

Compressions

The tights parts of a longitudinal wave. (Think of a spring, these are the areas where the coils are closer together!!)

False diffract= bend/refract

The wave at point 3 moves into a different medium at an angle, the speed of the wave will change and the waves will DIFFRACT

Mechanical Waves

They are waves that require a medium to travel.

Examples

Transverse wave- wiggling a rope Longitudinal- a coil Surface- getting in a pool

False refract= defract

True or False? Change the capitilized word if it is wrong. The wave will REFRACT around the edges of the hole at point two.

True

True or False? The wave will REFLECT when it hits point A. Change the capitilized word if it is wrong.

True About Speed?

True- In a given medium and under the same conditions, the speed of a wave is constant. False: ALL waves travel at the SAME speed True: If the temperature and pressure of air changes, the speed of sound waves traveling through the air will change. True: Waves in different mediums travel at different speeds.

Formula to find wavelength

Wavelength= Speed/Frequency THIS YOU CANNOT CHANGE

What Causes Waves?

Waves are caused when a source of energy causes a medium to vibrate.

How are waves classified?

Waves are classified according to how they move.

Surface Waves

Waves that are combinations of transverse and longitudinal waves. They occur between 2 mediums (for example the two mediums could be water and air.) They move in circles.

Transverse Waves

Waves that move the medium at right angles to the direction in which the waves are travelling through. (Honestly I think of wiggly lines)

Longitudinal Waves

Waves that move the particles of the medium parallel to the direction in which they travel.

The ship bobs up and down.

What happens when a wave passed a ship at sea?

True or False?

When Waves Travel through a medium, they carry the medium with them. (FALSE)

Wavelength on a longitudinal wave:

You find the wavelength of a longitudinal wave by measuring the distance from one point to the next.

Compare- Longitudinal and Transverse

You should compare the crests on a transverse wave to the compressions on a longitudinal. You should compare the troughs on a transverse wave to the rarefactions on a longitudinal.

standing wave

a wave that APPEARS to be standing in ONE place

constructive interference

occurs when 2 waves have combined and made a wave with a larger amplitude

destructive interference

occurs when two waves have combined to make a wave with an amplitude that is equal to or less than zero amplitude

resonance

occurs when vibrations traveling through an object match the object's own natural frequency

diffractoon

the bending of waves around the edges of a barrier

interference

the effect two or more waves have on each other when they meet


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