Waves Summative Review

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Medium

A medium is a substance that carries a wave from one place to another

Two examples of waves

A sailboat bobbing up and down on the water A leaf bobbing up and down in a pond but not moving sideways

Three uses and harm for X-rays

Airport security, look at bones, astronomy; prolonged exposure causes damage to cells, causingcancer

What is the most common resource used in the USA to meet ELECTRICAL energy needs?

Coal

What will happen to coal in the future? Why?

Coal, for a little while, will remain constant for a little while, but later on will drop down because of shortening supply

As wavelength increases, frequency ________

Decreases

Three uses and harm for UV Light

Detect forged bank notes, kill microbes, sun tans; too much exposure results in retina damage and sunburn (cancer)

True or False: Fossil Fuels are renewable energy sources on human timescales.

False

What is the resource used at KINARD to HEAT & COOL our building?

Geothermal

Three uses and harm for Microwaves

Heat food, mobile phones, radars; too much exposure can cause cataracts in one's eyes

Why is it important that Kinard has thick foam sprayed underneath the brick walls and argon gas sealed inside our windows?

Helps to insulate (heat and cool) the building.

As frequency increases, energy _______

Increases

Currently energy resources are used _________ compared to fossil fuels in the US

Less

Transverse Wave

Light and other electromagnetic waves are transverse.

What is the most common resource used in the USA to HEAT buildings?

Natural gas

What will most likely happen to natural gas in the future? Why?

Natural gas will most likely stay the same because natural gas' only use is used for heating, which results in less consumption and more supply.

Name at least three non-renewable energy sources

Natural gas, oil, coal

Briefly explain WHY our current resources are from non-renewewable sources

Non-renewable resources are currently easier to get and are extremely abundant.

Order of EM spectrum waves (lowest frequency to highest):

Radio Waves Micro Waves Infrared Visible Light Ultraviolet X-Rays Gamma Rays

Three uses and harm for Gamma Rays

Radio therapy, tracers, irradiated food; Overexposure results in cancer and can cause mutations in growing babies.

Three uses and harm for Radiowaves

Radios, cell phones, police communication; believed to cause cancer and leukaemia (plus other disorders), not scientifically proven

Order of colors in visible light spectrum (lowest frequency to highest):

Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet

Three uses and harm for Infrared Light

Remote controls, alarm system, night sights for weapons; if exposed for too long, radiation creates overheating

What will most likely happen to renewable energy in the future? Why?

Renewable energy, assuming that technology manages to progress, will increase in use.

Briefly explain WHY we are currently NOT using more renewable resources

Renewable resources are less abundant (harder to get), intermittent, expensive (though not in the long run), and not easy to store.

What building design feature drastically reduces the amount of electricity used at Kinard?

Rooftop sensors on top of Kinard's building help to limit the use of lights, which therefore helps to reserve the need to use electricity.

Name at least three renewable energy resources

Solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, hydropower

Longitudinal Wave

Sound is transmitted through molecules hitting each other.

The Speed of a Wave (formula and definition)

Speed = frequency X wavelength The speed of a wave depends on the medium through which it is traveling

What is the ultimate energy source for the earth?

Sun

True or False: China is the world's leading producer of coal

True

True or False: Fossil Fuels come naturally from the Earth and were once living organisms.

True

Three uses and harm for Visible Light

Vision, CDs, Laser Printers; too much exposure results in possible damage to retina

Examples of Mediums

Water, Air

Vibration

a path any movement follows repeatedly

Wave

a traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another which travels through a medium.

Opaque

cannot see through

Waves

carry energy, but not materials

Transparent

completely see through

Wavelength

distance between two crests or two troughs

Translucent

partially see through

Crests

peaks of a wave.

Frequency

refers to how many waves are made per time interval. This is usually described as how many waves are made per second, or as cycles per second. One cycle per second is one Hertz or 1 Hz

What is the wavelength of ultraviolet light? Frequency?

10⁻⁸m, about the size of a molecule; 10¹⁵-10¹⁶ Hz

What is the wavelength of radio waves? Frequency?

10³-1 meter(s), about the size of buildings-a human; 10⁴ Hz

What is the wavelength of microwaves? Frequency?

10⁻² meter, about the size of a honey bee; 10⁸ Hz

What is the wavelength of gamma rays? Frequency?

10⁻¹² m, about the size of the nucleus of an atom; 10²⁰ Hz

What is the wavelength of x-rays? Frequency?

10⁻¹⁰ m, about the size of an atom; 10¹⁶-10¹⁸ Hz

What is the wavelength of infrared light? Frequency?

10⁻⁵ m, about the size of a pinpoint; 10¹² Hz

What is the wavelength of visible light? Frequency?

10⁻⁶ m, about the size of protozoans; 10¹²-10¹⁵Hz

How much energy consumed by sector?

Buildings=49% Transportation=28% Industry=23%

What is the most common resource used in the USA to meet TRANSPORTATION energy needs?

Oil

In the future what will most likely happen to the supply of Oil in the US? Why?

Oil will go way down because the supply of coal will most likely run low

What are the three primary energy resources consumed by both the USA and the WORLD? What do these resources you listed in the last question all have in common?

Oil, natural gas, coal; they are all fossil fuels (natural resources below earth's surface), and all non-renewable

A renewable energy source _________________

Will not run out and can be used over and over again based on current consumption rates.

Doppler Effect

The sound you hear when something passes you by. Think of a siren or a racecar ...

What is the resource used at KINARD to meet our ELECTRICAL energy needs?

Wind

Amplitude

height of the wave from the x-axis to the crest

What does frequency tell about?

high or low pitch

What does amplitude tell you?

intensity or brightness of light, or the loudness of a sound

Troughs

valleys of a wave

Electromagnetic Waves

waves that do not require a medium. Light is an example of this.


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