Waves Summative Review
Medium
A medium is a substance that carries a wave from one place to another
Two examples of waves
A sailboat bobbing up and down on the water A leaf bobbing up and down in a pond but not moving sideways
Three uses and harm for X-rays
Airport security, look at bones, astronomy; prolonged exposure causes damage to cells, causingcancer
What is the most common resource used in the USA to meet ELECTRICAL energy needs?
Coal
What will happen to coal in the future? Why?
Coal, for a little while, will remain constant for a little while, but later on will drop down because of shortening supply
As wavelength increases, frequency ________
Decreases
Three uses and harm for UV Light
Detect forged bank notes, kill microbes, sun tans; too much exposure results in retina damage and sunburn (cancer)
True or False: Fossil Fuels are renewable energy sources on human timescales.
False
What is the resource used at KINARD to HEAT & COOL our building?
Geothermal
Three uses and harm for Microwaves
Heat food, mobile phones, radars; too much exposure can cause cataracts in one's eyes
Why is it important that Kinard has thick foam sprayed underneath the brick walls and argon gas sealed inside our windows?
Helps to insulate (heat and cool) the building.
As frequency increases, energy _______
Increases
Currently energy resources are used _________ compared to fossil fuels in the US
Less
Transverse Wave
Light and other electromagnetic waves are transverse.
What is the most common resource used in the USA to HEAT buildings?
Natural gas
What will most likely happen to natural gas in the future? Why?
Natural gas will most likely stay the same because natural gas' only use is used for heating, which results in less consumption and more supply.
Name at least three non-renewable energy sources
Natural gas, oil, coal
Briefly explain WHY our current resources are from non-renewewable sources
Non-renewable resources are currently easier to get and are extremely abundant.
Order of EM spectrum waves (lowest frequency to highest):
Radio Waves Micro Waves Infrared Visible Light Ultraviolet X-Rays Gamma Rays
Three uses and harm for Gamma Rays
Radio therapy, tracers, irradiated food; Overexposure results in cancer and can cause mutations in growing babies.
Three uses and harm for Radiowaves
Radios, cell phones, police communication; believed to cause cancer and leukaemia (plus other disorders), not scientifically proven
Order of colors in visible light spectrum (lowest frequency to highest):
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet
Three uses and harm for Infrared Light
Remote controls, alarm system, night sights for weapons; if exposed for too long, radiation creates overheating
What will most likely happen to renewable energy in the future? Why?
Renewable energy, assuming that technology manages to progress, will increase in use.
Briefly explain WHY we are currently NOT using more renewable resources
Renewable resources are less abundant (harder to get), intermittent, expensive (though not in the long run), and not easy to store.
What building design feature drastically reduces the amount of electricity used at Kinard?
Rooftop sensors on top of Kinard's building help to limit the use of lights, which therefore helps to reserve the need to use electricity.
Name at least three renewable energy resources
Solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, hydropower
Longitudinal Wave
Sound is transmitted through molecules hitting each other.
The Speed of a Wave (formula and definition)
Speed = frequency X wavelength The speed of a wave depends on the medium through which it is traveling
What is the ultimate energy source for the earth?
Sun
True or False: China is the world's leading producer of coal
True
True or False: Fossil Fuels come naturally from the Earth and were once living organisms.
True
Three uses and harm for Visible Light
Vision, CDs, Laser Printers; too much exposure results in possible damage to retina
Examples of Mediums
Water, Air
Vibration
a path any movement follows repeatedly
Wave
a traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another which travels through a medium.
Opaque
cannot see through
Waves
carry energy, but not materials
Transparent
completely see through
Wavelength
distance between two crests or two troughs
Translucent
partially see through
Crests
peaks of a wave.
Frequency
refers to how many waves are made per time interval. This is usually described as how many waves are made per second, or as cycles per second. One cycle per second is one Hertz or 1 Hz
What is the wavelength of ultraviolet light? Frequency?
10⁻⁸m, about the size of a molecule; 10¹⁵-10¹⁶ Hz
What is the wavelength of radio waves? Frequency?
10³-1 meter(s), about the size of buildings-a human; 10⁴ Hz
What is the wavelength of microwaves? Frequency?
10⁻² meter, about the size of a honey bee; 10⁸ Hz
What is the wavelength of gamma rays? Frequency?
10⁻¹² m, about the size of the nucleus of an atom; 10²⁰ Hz
What is the wavelength of x-rays? Frequency?
10⁻¹⁰ m, about the size of an atom; 10¹⁶-10¹⁸ Hz
What is the wavelength of infrared light? Frequency?
10⁻⁵ m, about the size of a pinpoint; 10¹² Hz
What is the wavelength of visible light? Frequency?
10⁻⁶ m, about the size of protozoans; 10¹²-10¹⁵Hz
How much energy consumed by sector?
Buildings=49% Transportation=28% Industry=23%
What is the most common resource used in the USA to meet TRANSPORTATION energy needs?
Oil
In the future what will most likely happen to the supply of Oil in the US? Why?
Oil will go way down because the supply of coal will most likely run low
What are the three primary energy resources consumed by both the USA and the WORLD? What do these resources you listed in the last question all have in common?
Oil, natural gas, coal; they are all fossil fuels (natural resources below earth's surface), and all non-renewable
A renewable energy source _________________
Will not run out and can be used over and over again based on current consumption rates.
Doppler Effect
The sound you hear when something passes you by. Think of a siren or a racecar ...
What is the resource used at KINARD to meet our ELECTRICAL energy needs?
Wind
Amplitude
height of the wave from the x-axis to the crest
What does frequency tell about?
high or low pitch
What does amplitude tell you?
intensity or brightness of light, or the loudness of a sound
Troughs
valleys of a wave
Electromagnetic Waves
waves that do not require a medium. Light is an example of this.
