WHAP Unit 4

What is the cartez system?

A Portuguese system where they sold rights for other countries and groups to trade using the Indian Ocean.

What is a joint-stock company?

A joint-stock company is a business owned by its investors, with each investor owning a share based on the amount of stock purchased.

What is a monopoly?

A monopoly is a company or set of companies which control almost all of the power in a particular industry sector.

How can a nation's health be measured through mercantilism.

A nation's health can be measured through mercantilism via how well its supply of capital was doing.

Why was Africa a desirable place for exploration?

Africa was rich in many resources, such as food, salt, and gold.

What were castas paintings?

Castas paintings detailed the castas system, showing where every person sat in the Spanish social hierarchy.

What were four items that were traded over the Columbian Exchange?

Diseases, animals, people, and plants.

What were the benefits of having feitorias?

Feitorias allowed for the Portuguese to cover a lot of area with very inexpensive buildings, showing other countries that they owned land and preventing smugglers from building on it or using it.

What are feitorias?

Feitorias are Portuguese coastal and island naval bases that serve as waypoints, supply nations, and trade hubs.

What were the three Gs of trading?

God, gold, and glory.

What item allowed for Europeans to expand more rapidly?

Gunpowder

What were some negative effects of the Columbian Exchange?

It started the Atlantic Slave trade, killed many indigenous Americans, and hurt the environment through immense crop growth.

What is mercantilism?

Mercantilism is the belief in the benefits of profitable trading.

What were some animals traded over the Columbian Exchange?

Pigs, cows, horses, and oxen.

Who were three explorers during the Age of Exploration?

Prince Henry, Vasco de Gama, and Cristopher Columbus.

What are privateers?

Privateers are known as "pirates with a fancy name". They were shop captains that would plunder Spanish or other ships coming from the New World with gold on them in order to take their riches for Britain.

What diseases killed many Native Americans during the colonization of the New World?

Smallpox, measles, mumps, typhus, and chicken pox.

What was the population of the Aztec and Incan empires before the takeover of the Old World?

The Aztec and Inca empires had a combined 13 million people before the takeover of the Old World.

What were the two biggest empires conquered by the Spanish in the Age of Exploration?

The Aztec and Inca empires.

How did the British Empire use mercantilism?

The British Empire used mercantilism through the control of production and trade throughout Europe, and the expansion of slave trade.

What is the Spanish labor system called in the New World?

The Encomienda system.

How did the exchange of items from the New World to the Old World impact the Old World?

The Old World had its biggest population boom in centuries.

What were the three main types of ships used for exploration?

The carrack, caravel, and fluyt.

What type of system was the castas system?

The castas system was a social hierarchy system (castas is Spanish for caste).

Why did the Europeans colonize the New World?

The land itself was new to the colonizers, so they created the colonies to expand their empire.

What were some inventions that helped with maritime exploration?

The magnetic compass and the lateen sail were two items that were invented to help with exploration.

What is the principle that mercantilism is based on?

The main principle that mercantilism is based on are that the world's wealth is static, and because of it, European nations tried to obtain the biggest possible share of that wealth through the maximization of exports.

What were the main two religions in England?

The main two religions in England were both forms of Christianity; Protestantism and Catholicism.

What disease killed Europeans as a result of the colonization of the New World?

Venereal syphilis.

What were some crops traded over the Columbian Exchange?

Wheat, grapes, tomatoes, corn, beans, potatoes, avocadoes, peanuts, and blueberries.