Weathering and Erosion

Which of the following has the lowest porosity? a. Clay b. Silt c. Gravel d. Sand

a. Clay

Which of the following are types of physical weathering? a. Freeze-thaw b. Carbonation c. Hydrolysis d. Thermal Expansion

a. Freeze-thaw d. Thermal Expansion

Chemical weathering occurs faster in what type of climates.? a. Hot and Wet b. Hot and Dry c. Cold and Wet d. Cold and Dry

a. Hot and Wet

What is salt crystallisation? a. It results from the expansion of salt particles that have entered pore spaces in the rocks. b. The freezing and thawing in the rocks. c. The heat changes the rock. d. When overlying rocks are removed by erosion.

a. It results from the expansion of salt particles that have entered pore spaces in the rocks.

What does it mean when a rock's surface area increases? a. There are more surfaces available to be weathered on the rock b. There are less surfaces available to be weathered on the rock c. The rock has weathered completely d. Surface area has nothing to do with rocks

a. There are more surfaces available to be weathered on the rock

Caves being formed by acid rain dissolving underground limestone a. Weathering b. Erosion c. Deposition

a. Weathering

Wind blasting sand at rock and carving out arches a. Weathering b. Erosion c. Deposition

a. Weathering

Which property of loose earth materials most likely increases as particle size decreases? a. capillarity b. infiltration c. permeability d. porosity

a. capillarity

Beaches are built up by - a. deposition b. leaching c. abrasion d. erosion

a. deposition

What is an enormous mass of ice moving over land? a. glacier b. iceberg c. ice wedging d. dune

a. glacier

Poorly sorted soil... a. has low porosity b. has high porosity c. has high pore space d. means water will move through quickly

a. has low porosity

Sand sediments are usually more permeable than silt sediments because sand grains are... a. larger b. smoother c. rounder d. more soluble

a. larger

This type of weathering occurs when rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces of rock. a. physical weathering b. chemical weathering c. erosion weathering d. deposition

a. physical weathering

In which sediments is the capillary action of water greatest? a. silt and sand b. sand and pebbles c. pebbles and cobbles d. cobbles and boulders

a. silt and sand

What is the relationship between surface area and the rate of weathering? a. As surface area increases, the rate of weathering decreases b. As surface area increases, the rate of weathering increases c. As surface area decreases, the rate of weathering increases d. There is no relationship

b. As surface area increases, the rate of weathering increases

Which of the following are types of chemical weathering? a. Freeze-thaw b. Carbonation c. Hydrolysis d. Thermal Expansion

b. Carbonation c. Hydrolysis

Muddy water being carried away by a fast-moving river a. Weathering b. Erosion c. Deposition

b. Erosion

What FORCE moves sediment downhill? a. Abrasion b. Gravity c. Rust d. Wind

b. Gravity

Which process of chemical weathering has rock absorb water, swell and become softer and easier to break apart? a. Oxidation b. Hydration c. Hydrolysis d. Oxidation

b. Hydration

How does wind abrasion work? a. Sediment is blown off a surface from wind. b. Wind-blown sediment strikes a surface. c. Wind blows large chunks of rock off a surface. d. Sediment falls off of a surface on its own.

b. Wind-blown sediment strikes a surface.

This type of weathering occurs when rocks weaken then break down due to chemical changes in the composition of the rock. a. physical weathering b. chemical weathering c. erosion weathering d. deposition

b. chemical weathering

Which of the following is an example of a process that causes mechanical weathering of rocks? a. crystallization b. freezing and thawing c. sedimentation d. condensing and sublimating

b. freezing and thawing

What is loose weathered rock and organic material in which plants can grow called? a. talus b. soil c. peat d. mud

b. soil

Constance and John studied deserts. They saw a picture of a sand dune in a desert. What MOST likely made the sand dune form? a. rain b. wind c. flood waters d. strong sunlight

b. wind

Porosity refers to... a. the shape of the particles b. The sorting of the particles c. % of pore space in a material d. % of cement in a material

c. % of pore space in a material

By how much does water expand by when it freezes? a. 0.9% b. 19% c. 9% d. 1.9%

c. 9%

Deltas forming at the mouths of rivers a. Weathering b. Erosion c. Deposition

c. Deposition

A cliff formed near an ocean. Which statement best describes how this cliff formed? a. Warm air melted the rock. b. Sun rays evaporated the rock. c. Ocean waves washed away rock. d. Plant roots pushed away the rock.

c. Ocean waves washed away rock.

The release of _________ from a rock is one example of an agent of physical weathering. a. Air b. Animals c. Pressure d. Wind

c. Pressure

What is hydrolysis? a. When a mineral absorbs water, causing it to swell. b. When acidic rainwater reacts with calcite in limestone. c. When a mineral is broken down by a reaction with water.

c. When a mineral is broken down by a reaction with water.

Which soil condition allows the most infiltration of precipitation? a. saturated soil b. a steep soil surface c. a gentle soil surface d. an impermeable surface

c. a gentle soil surface

During chemical weathering, what can happen to a rock? a. a new rock is produced that is larger than the original rock b. a new rock is produced that is the same as the original rock c. a rock can break down and what it is made up of can change d. no new rock is created - it is just smaller in size

c. a rock can break down and what it is made up of can change

All of the following are causes of physical weathering except... a. plant growth b. wind c. acid rain d. running water

c. acid rain

Soil is a mixture of a. weathered rock particles b. plant and animal remains c. all of the above

c. all of the above

How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks? The freezing water— a. keeps the rocks in place. b. makes the rocks last longer. c. expands cracks and breaks rocks. d. causes rocks to fall in landslides.

c. expands cracks and breaks rocks.

Which surface soil conditions allow the most infiltration of rainwater? a. steep slope and permeable soil b. steep slope and impermeable soil c. gentle slope and permeable soil d. gentle slope and impermeable soil

c. gentle slope and permeable soil

Well sorted soil... a. has low porosity b. has low pore space c. has high porosity d. means water will move through slowly

c. has high porosity

Impermeable materials... a. have an abundance of pores. b. let water in. c. have little to no pores.

c. have little to no pores.

In wet environments, the major cause of erosion is: a. wind b. animal movement c. moving water d. air movement

c. moving water

One way that people cause greater erosion is by ___. a. building terraces b. building walls c. removing plants d. planting grass

c. removing plants

The boundary between the zone of aeration and the zone of saturation is called the... a. well b. recharge zone c. the water table d. watershed

c. the water table

Water can infiltrate loose soil when the soil is... a. saturated and permeable b. saturated and impermeable c. unsaturated and permeable d. unsaturated and impermeable

c. unsaturated and permeable

Which process of chemical weathering has carbon from the air or in the soil dissolve in water to make a weak acid that can dissolve rock? a. Hydration b. Hydrolysis c. Oxidation d. Carbonation

d. Carbonation

Porosity is dependent on all of the following EXCEPT... a. Particle shape b. Amount of cement c. Sorting d. Hardness

d. Hardness

Which factors are the most important for determining the rate of weathering? a. Erosion and deposition b. Climate and type of rock c. Humidity and climate d. Humidity and temperature

d. Humidity and temperature

Which of the following is NOT a slow change to Earth's surface? a. Weathering b. Erosion c. Deposition d. Landslides

d. Landslides

What is thermal expansion? a. A type of acid rain. b. The constant freezing and thawing of ice in cracks in the rock. c. It occurs when rock becomes exposed to water. d. Rocks heat up and expand in the day and shrink at night. This repeated process cracks the rock which then peels away.

d. Rocks heat up and expand in the day and shrink at night. This repeated process cracks the rock which then peels away.

These rocks were made smooth by wind blowing smaller rock particles across their surface. This is an example of: a. ice wedging b. chemical weathering c. acid rain d. abrasion

d. abrasion

What are the two factors that affect the rate at which weathering occurs? a. climate and mass of rock b. climate and size of rock c. type of rock and size of rock d. type of rock and climate

d. type of rock and climate

The major cause of erosion along coasts is: a. tornadoes b. earthquakes c. clouds d. wave action

d. wave action

Soil with the greatest porosity has particles that are... a. poorly sorted and densely packed b. poorly sorted and loosely packed c. well sorted and densely packed d. well sorted and loosely packed

d. well sorted and loosely packed