Week 15 US History A

What is the belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens?

Americanization Americanization occurred when Progressives encouraged everyone to follow white, middle-class ways of life

What did Progressivism have in common with Populism?

Both movements sought reform in government and big business.

What organization gave special labels to "goods produced under fair, safe, and healthy conditions"?

National Consumers League The National Consumers League was founded to help women identify products that were produced under fair, safe, and healthy working conditions.

What was the impact of the National Reclamation Act?

The National Reclamation Act gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed.

In the early 1900s, a growing number of women sought to do more with their lives than fulfill their roles as wives and mothers. Many went to college to prepare for careers outside the home. How did education change women's roles in society?

Women with education were able to get fulfilling jobs.

What did the temperance movement lead to?

a constitutional amendment that outlawed the production and sale of alcohol

Industrialization, urbanization, and immigration brought many benefits to America, but they also produced challenging social problems. A movement called Progressivism arose in the 1890s to tackle these problems. Which of the following correctly identifies the main cause for Progressivism?

a society with corrupt government and big business, harsh labor conditions, and inadequate social welfare laws

In 1895, addressing a mostly white audience in Atlanta, Georgia, Booker T. Washington urged fellow blacks to build friendly relations with whites. What types of careers did Washington recommend that African Americans pursue to gain equality?

agriculture, mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service, and in the professions.

How did Margaret Sanger believe that she could improve family life?

by educating women about birth control

In order to reform politics and remove corrupt governments, Progressives pushed for a number of new laws. Dynamic Progressives became the leaders of several states. What did Progressives hope to achieve with political reforms?

efficient and effective government

What did Theodore Roosevelt mean when he said, "When I say I believe in a square deal, I do not mean to give every man the best hand...All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing"?

that the government should offer each person an equal opportunity to succeed

What law gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines?

the Hepburn Act In 1906, Roosevelt convinced Congress to pass the Hepburn Act, helping farmers in the West who had been at the mercy of the railroads.

How did all women in the United States finally secure the right to vote?

the Nineteenth Amendment

What event shocked many white reformers and led to the formation of the NAACP?

the Springfield riot After a race riot broke out in Springfield, Illinois, the members of the Niagara Movement joined with white reformers to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Which election reform became the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913?

the direct election of U.S. Senators

What power did the recall give to voters?

the power to remove public servants from office before their terms ended

What political reform allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature?

the referendum In order to reform politics and remove corrupt governments, Progressives worked for political reforms. The referendum was one reform that gave citizens a greater voice in government.

In what way did Progressivism and Populism differ?

their leadership

Why did Progressive reformers institute the Americanization effort?

to assimilate immigrants into American society

Why did W.E.B. Du Bois help found the Niagara Movement?

to demand for African Americans all the rights guaranteed by the Constitution

Why did Theodore Roosevelt get Congress to pass the Hepburn Act?

to eliminate abuses by the railroads

What was the intent of political reforms such as the direct primary, initiative, referendum, and recall?

to give voters a stronger voice in government

The National Reclamation Act directly affected the management of which natural resource?

water

Many Progressives supported segregation, or separation of the races, as well as laws to limit minority voting. African American reformers formed organizations to fight against discriminatory laws. How did Booker T. Washington suggest African Americans secure their rights?

with patience and hard work

How did Asian Americans defend their rights?

Asian Americans put their land in their children's names.

How did the role of citizens change with the establishment of the direct primary?

Citizens themselves would vote to select nominees for upcoming elections.

In 1906, Roosevelt convinced Congress to pass the Hepburn Act to help farmers. He also pushed Congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act to protect consumers from tainted foods and drugs. Pennsylvania coal miners went on strike in 1902. How did Theodore Roosevelt's response illustrate a change in the government's role?

For the first time, the federal government stepped in to help workers in a labor dispute.

How did Theodore Roosevelt change the government's role regarding food and drugs?

For the first time, the government took responsibility for food and drug safety.

What was meant by the concept of "rational use" of the nation's natural resources?

Forests should be preserved for public use.

Which of the following is one effect of the Hull House, founded by Jane Addams?

Hull House's success attracted college-educated, middle-class women to become social workers.

How did Dayton, Ohio, adapt to the Galveston plan when it reorganized its city government?

It added a city manager to head the five commissioners.

One of Progressivism's boldest goals was women's suffrage. The National American Woman Suffrage Association and the National Woman's Party worked to ensure that women received the right to vote. Why was Carrie Chapman Catt's two-part strategy so successful in winning the right for women to vote?

It called for lobbying Congress while using the new referendum process to pass state laws.

In 1910, Theodore Roosevelt proposed a New Nationalism that would promote human welfare and counter the power of big business. According to Roosevelt, what action should be taken?

It has become entirely clear that we must have government supervision of the capitalization, not only of public-service corporations, including, particularly, railways, but of all corporations doing an interstate business

What was one main effect of the Dawes Act of 1887?

It led to the sale of the majority of Native Americans' lands to whites.

Who opened the Hull House?

Jane Addams Hull House in Chicago was a famous settlement house founded by Jane Addams. Its success encouraged college-educated, middle-class women to become social workers.

Which group formed the Anti-Defamation League to defend itself against verbal attacks and false statements?

Jewish Americans

Women also sought changes in the home. One of the main goals of Progressive women was to improve family life. They pushed for laws that would help mothers keep their families healthy and safe. How did Florence Kelley address workers' rights and family life?

Kelley helped found the National Consumer's League (NCL) and the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL).

The Progressive Era was not so progressive for nonwhite and immigrant Americans. Most Progressives were white Anglo-Saxon Protestant reformers. Settlement houses and a number of civic groups played a big role in Americanization efforts. What contradictions emerged in Progressives' ideas about social justice?

Many Progressives were indifferent or actively hostile to minorities and immigrants.

Why did Progressives leave the Republican Party to form their own party?

Progressives sided with Theodore Roosevelt when he disagreed with William Howard Taft over the trust "busting" issue.

How did Jacob Riis dramatize the need for Progressive reform?

Riis photographed rat-infested tenements.

Roosevelt's love of nature shaped his policies and led to the creation of several national parks and forests. To help settle disputes over water sources in the West, Roosevelt pushed for passage of the National Reclamation Act. Following the advice of California naturalist John Muir, what action did Theodore Roosevelt take?

Roosevelt closed off more than 100 million acres of forestland.

Theodore Roosevelt was a war hero, seasoned politician, and a dedicated reformer when he became President in 1901. Roosevelt used the power of the federal government to take on big business and break up trusts he considered abusive. How does Theodore Roosevelt's early political career reflect his ideas on the role of government?

Roosevelt was interested in fighting corruption and reforming government.

What was the result of Progressive attitudes toward non-whites?

Segregation became widespread and the norm.

Why were settlement houses important in the reformation of American society?

Settlement houses improved the lives of poor people in the cities.

How did education affect immigrant women, African American women, and women from rural areas?

Since these women had little or no education, they got jobs that were difficult, demanding, and dangerous.

How did Lincoln Steffens contribute to the Progressive cause?

Steffens was a journalist who exposed political corruption.

Roosevelt wanted William Howard Taft to follow him as President, since Taft shared his belief about regulating businesses. However, Taft did not follow the policies Roosevelt had set. Roosevelt was disappointed and, later, angry. What was one important way that William Howard Taft's policies differed from Theodore Roosevelt's?

Taft appointed a cabinet official who opposed Roosevelt's conservation policies.

How did Taft's antitrust policies differ from Roosevelt's?

Taft did not distinguish between good and bad trusts. Roosevelt saw a difference between good trusts and bad trusts, so he supported big corporations as long as they did business fairly. Taft did not think there was a distinction between good and bad trusts.

Why did Theodore Roosevelt speak about a New Nationalism and decide to run for President against William Howard Taft?

Taft supported the "rule of reason," which relaxed the hard line set by the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Many reformers thought Christianity should be the basis of social reform. Followers of the Social Gospel believed that society would improve if people followed the Bible's teachings about charity and justice. Which of the following describes the significance of the Social Gospel?

The Social Gospel prompted leaders to push for business and labor reform.

Journalists whose stories dramatized the need for social and political reform were called muckrakers. The muckrakers' articles appeared in magazines and newspapers in millions of American homes. What role did journalists play in the Progressive Movement?

Their sensational stories increased awareness of the problems afflicting America

How did Gifford Pinchot's ideas shape the government's management of the environment?

Theodore Roosevelt agreed with Pinchot's idea that forests should be protected for the public until trees mature into good lumber.

How did mutualistas help Mexican Americans defend their rights?

These groups made loans and provided legal assistance.

Why did Progressive reformers believe in Americanization?

They believed that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal and moral citizens.

African Americans were not alone in seeking to ensure their rights. Individuals and organizations of diverse ethnic groups spoke out against injustice and created various self-help agencies. What strategy did Jews use in 1913 to defend their rights?

They formed the Anti-Defamation League.

What did Ida B. Wells do to improve family life?

Wells helped found the National Association of Colored Women to raise money and set up schools.

What did Theodore Roosevelt want his Square Deal to achieve?

keeping the wealthy from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor

Many Progressive reformers targeted city officials who built corrupt organizations called _____.

political machines

Initiative and referendum gave voters more power to do which of the following?

propose and approve laws

What daring tactics did Alice Paul employ to help win suffrage for women that angered other suffrage groups?

protest marches and hunger strikes

What spurred members of the Niagara Movement to join with whites to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?

rioting and murder by a white mob in Springfield, Illinois

A 1913 California law forced Japanese Americans to do which of the following?

sell their land