Week 2 Patho Quiz
Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?
Thrombocytopenia
The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is
erythropoietin administration.
Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of
glucose
When a patient is struck in the eye by a baseball, the result is redness and swelling. This increase in blood flow to a localized area is called
hyperemia
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of
intrinsic factor
A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is
Bence Jones proteins in the urine
A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is
Bence Jones proteins in the urine.
Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?
CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction?
Purpura
What is the effect on resistance if the radius of a vessel is halved?
Resistance increases by a factor of 16
Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with
Telangiectasia
The only known curative treatment for CML is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor.
True
Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord.
True
A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is
aspirin.
The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called
bcr-abl.
Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as
bicarbonate ion.
Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum
bilirubin.
A cause of thrombocytopenia includes
chemotherapy
When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow
decreases
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)
deficient immune response
Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they
develop recurrent infections
patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they
develop recurrent infections.
An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is
histamine.
Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves
impaired muscle function
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is
infection
Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both
microcytic
Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease?
myeloma
The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the
oxygen-hemoglobin affinity
The megakaryocyte is a precursor to
platelets
The relationship of blood flow (Q), resistance (R), and pressure (P) in a vessel can be expressed by which equation?
Q = P/R
while in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is
activity restriction
Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by
autonomic nervous system
The final step in clot formation is
clot retraction.
RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) would be appropriate in an Rh-_____ woman with an _____ Rh-_____ antibody titer carrying an Rh-_____ fetus.
negative; negative; positive
A newborn has melena, bleeding from the umbilicus, and hematuria. The newborn most likely experiencing
vitamin K deficiency bleeding.
The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is
IgE
A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?
Iron deficiency
Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?
Liver
Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease?
Myeloma
The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.
19.4
The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.
19.4 A hemoglobin level of 15 divided by 100 equals 0.15. Multiply by 1.34 mL and then multiply by saturation on 95%. The result is 19.1% oxyhemoglobin. Then add 0.3% volume dissolved in plasma to get the total content of oxygen/dL. The arterial blood oxygen content is the amount of oxygen carried in the arterial blood.
A patient presents to the physician's office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years.
4 and 7
A 5-year-old patient's parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk as a result of pain. The child's most likely diagnosis is
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia).
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?
Absent peripheral pulses
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which
Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with
Epstein-Barr virus.
Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age in patients with sickle cell anemia.
False Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 2 years of age in patients with sickle cell anemia and booster vaccinations given 3 to 5 years later.
Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?
HIV/AIDS
Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called ________ proteins.
HLA or MHC
Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by
the autonomic nervous system.
What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?
CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.
Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?
Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising
What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?
Pancytopenia
Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is
elevated total iron-binding capacity
The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of
extrinsic pathway
The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of
extrinsic pathway.
Treatment for hemophilia A includes
factor IX replacement.
Treatment for hemophilia A includes
factor VIII replacement.
The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in
fibrinolysis
Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is
infection.
Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they
have no cytoplasmic organelles.
Blood flow is slow through capillaries because capillaries
have the largest total cross-sectional area.
A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with
hemophilia
What is necessary for red blood cell production?
iron
Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?
jaundice
The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the
kidney
The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is
measured to improve oxygenation
A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest x-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is
myeloma
Which causes vasoconstriction?
norepinephrine
The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to
prevent further clot formation
A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is
pulmonary embolus.
Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by Group of answer choices
recipient antibodies
The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of
resistance
The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is
selective IgA.
An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with
shift to the left.
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which
stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?
the vena cava
Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?
thrombocytopenia
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by
tissue thromboplastin
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by
tissue thromboplastin.
Tissues are able to auto-regulate their rate of blood flow by controlling
vascular resistance.
Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?
vena cava
