Weeks 5,6

Race is based on the fact that people from different parts of the world have different biological traits that appear in exclusive clusters. True False

False

The special gene variant ACTN3, with at least one copy found in 98% of the Jamaican population, is the reason that Jamaica dominates in sprinting at the Summer Olympics. True False

False

Rickets is the result of a lack of A. vitamin D. B. folic acid/folate. C. melanin. D. vitamin C. E. calcium.

A. vitamin D.

Human variation includes A. finger prints. B. all of the above C. disease susceptibility. D. blood types. E. enzymes.

B. all of the above

Forced sterilizations in the United States: A. happened because the feeble-minded could not be depended upon to practice birth-control. B. happened in the context of the ideology of eugenics. C. never happened; all sterilizations have been voluntary. D. were necessary because the US had too many feeble-minded immigrants.

B. happened in the context of the ideology of eugenics.

According to Shenk, which of the following is NOT a reason that the people of the Kalenjin tribe in Kenya excel at long distance running? A. Running is a part of the typical everyday lifestyle. B. In a past, there was an economic incentive to be fast as it improved one's success in cattle raiding. C. Genes are more important than other inherited traits such as nutrition and interest in pursuing long distance training. D. There is phenotypical adaptation for athletes during high altitude training. E. Culture supports and reinforces excellence in long distance running through rewards.

C. Genes are more important than other inherited traits such as nutrition and interest in pursuing long distance training.

According to Shenk, what is the relationship between "high performance genes" and sports excellence? Selected Answer: Answers: A. Genes are directly responsible for sports excellence. B. Certain genes can be clearly linked to excellence in sports. C. Genes impact the probability of a certain individual being successful in sports; however, they are not deterministic. D. Genes have no relationship with excellence in sports. E. Genes trump culture in determining who will be successful in track and field events.

C. Genes impact the probability of a certain individual being successful in sports; however, they are not deterministic.

Initiated IQ testing at Ellis Island in 1913, eventually resulting in the ranking of immigrant groups. A. Dred Scott B. Alfred Binet C. Henry Goddard D. Howard Gardener E. Hernstein and Murray

C. Henry Goddard

Proposed that there are a variety of intelligences, such as social and mathematical. A. Hernstein and Murray B. Dred Scott C. Howard Gardener D. Alfred Binet E. J. Philippe Rushton

C. Howard Gardener

While Diamond in "Race Without Color" proposes that sexual selection created differences in human "races", what does the UVD theory of race propose for creating racial differences that we take as "real"? A. Polygenism B. Genetic convergence C. Natural selection D. Sexual selection E. Chance mutations

C. Natural selection

Found that "black" and "white" children of WWII soldiers and German women had no significant difference in IQ. A. Hernstein and Murray B. Alfred Binet C. Richard Nisbett D. Dred Scott E. J. Philippe Rushton

C. Richard Nisbett

Which of the following is NOT a biological determinist? A. Charles Murray B. Richard Yerkes C. Richard Nisbett D. Henry Goddard E. Richard Hernstein

C. Richard Nisbett

In the 1990s, Richard Hernstein and Charles Murray A. had nothing to say about US social stratification; they were primarily concerned with race. B. argued that because of better habitats, US society is becoming less stratified. C. argued that US society is becoming more stratified based on intelligence. D. accepted environmental determinism. E. implied that racial differences in IQ tests were due to environmental differences.

C. argued that US society is becoming more stratified based on intelligence.

On the subject of human races, it can be said that A. in the US today, there are no differences in wealth. B. race was never an aspect of US immigration laws. C. race is a cultural construct. D. race never played a big part in US history. E. there is clear biological support for dividing people into races.

C. race is a cultural construct.

Drawing on the work of Nisbett (1995), it has been shown that A. IQ is easily measured by standardized tests since these tests are culture free. B. African Americans who have more European genes are more intelligent than those with fewer European genes. C. there are no differences in IQ between African Americans with lots of European genes and those with few European genes. D. the environment has no effect on IQ. E. children of white US soldiers and German women had higher IQs than those of black US soldiers and German women.

C. there are no differences in IQ between African Americans with lots of European genes and those with few European genes.

What does apartheid refer to? A. An egalitarian society where races are kept apart to reinforce their unique contributions to society B. A socially stratified society whereby socioeconomic classes take on the appearance of castes C. A political system where races are considered "separate, but equal" and where each race has a formal representative elected to the government D. A formal system where races are segregated and policed, resulting in serious social, economic, and political discrimination.

D. A formal system where races are segregated and policed, resulting in serious social, economic, and political discrimination.

Alfred Binet developed an intelligence test in order to A. demonstrate the hierarchy of human intelligence. B. lay the foundation for the eugenics movement. C. prove that Norwegians are definitively more intelligent than Mongolians. D. identify the slow-learning children who might benefit from interventions. E. show that the French are more intelligent than the British.

D. identify the slow-learning children who might benefit from interventions.

Spina bifida can result from A. lack of vitamin D in people with dark skin. B. dark skin in low latitudes. C. dark skin in high latitudes. D. light skin and overexposure to solar radiation, which leads to photolysis of folate. E. light skin and vitamin C deficiency.

D. light skin and overexposure to solar radiation, which leads to photolysis of folate.

Skin color in humans is distributed according to A. continents B. national boundaries C. altitude D. longitude E. latitude

E. latitude

During the Roman Empire, slavery was based on the idea of biological inferiority of people made part of the empire by conquest. True False

False

An example of hypodescent in the United States is a person with one "white" parent and one "Asian" parent automatically being considered "Asian". True False

True

Homo sapiens is a polymorphic and polytypic species. True False

True

One problem when discussing race is that there is often confusion between race and cultural differences. True False

True

Polymorphic variation refers to biological differences a. between human populations. b. within a population. c. between the right and left sides of the body. d. resulting from emigration. e. resulting from adaptations to high altitudes.

b. within a population.

Polytypic variation refers to biological variation a. between human populations. b. within a population. c. between the anterior and posterior sections of the brain. d. resulting from immigration. e. resulting from adaptations to low altitudes.

a. between human populations.

The biocultural approach to the study of human biological diversity a. combines the biological and cultural aspects of the race concept. b. is less useful in explaining human biological diversity than historical typologies. c. uses culture to override biology to explain human biological diversity. d. shows that racial traits are static rather than dynamic adaptations. e. illustrates that the racial category of a person is not effected by socioeconomic status.

a. combines the biological and cultural aspects of the race concept.

Which of the following is TRUE? a. Scientists quickly took on Comte de Buffon's search for the environmental variables responsible for human biological diversity. b. By the end of the 18th century, the folk belief of races became accepted as scientific facts. c. By the end of the 18th century, the search for racial archetypes was rejected. d. By the end of the 18th century, scientists rejected the folk beliefs of racial differences. e. By the end of the 18th century, the concept of biological race had been dispelled.

b. By the end of the 18th century, the folk belief of races became accepted as scientific facts.

The ancient Greeks a. lacked ethnocentrism. b. divided the world into Greeks and non-Greeks based on culture and language. c. based slavery on race like the ancient Romans. d. believed only Greeks could learn to speak Greek. e. propagated the belief that all men are created equal.

b. divided the world into Greeks and non-Greeks based on culture and language.

There is more _____________ genetic variation than ______________ genetic variation in human populations. a. racial / ethnic b. intraethnic (i.e. polymorphic) / interethnic (i.e. polytypic) c. interethnic (i.e. polytypic) / intraethnic (i.e. polymorphic) d. racial / non-racial e. cultural / biological

b. intraethnic (i.e. polymorphic) / interethnic (i.e. polytypic)

Polygenism is the belief that a. God created man and woman once and they dispersed and became the different races. b. there are many versions of Genesis. c. God created separate and different peoples that are in fact different species. d. human races are biologically meaningful categories. e. polygymy is the solution to racism.

c. God created separate and different peoples that are in fact different species.

Which of the following is a major difference between Brazilian and American racial taxonomies? Selected Answer: Answers: a. Brazilians do not recognize racial differences. b. American categories are purer than are Brazilian categories c. There are no important differences between the two taxonomies. d. In the United States, social race is determined at birth and does not change, but in Brazil, social race is more fluid as it can change from day to day. e. Brazilian racial categories are based on genotype, whereas American categories are based on phenotype.

d. In the United States, social race is determined at birth and does not change, but in Brazil, social race is more fluid as it can change from day to day.

Anthropologists have a. found that there are about 5 different human races. b. argued that there are only 3 different human races. c. found that there are about 50 different human races. d. been unable to agree on the number of human races because of the nature of human biological diversity. e. all argued that race is a useless concept.

d. been unable to agree on the number of human races because of the nature of human biological diversity.

What is the difference between ethnicity and race? a. Ethnicity is based on behavioral differences; race is based on perceived biological differences. b. Ethnicity is based on perceived biological differences and behaviors; race is based on actual biological differences. c. Ethnicity can change over one's lifetime; race cannot change. d. Ethnicity is based on ascribed status; race is based on achieved status. e. Ethnicity is identification within a group based on common ancestry, language, and custom; race is based on perceived biological differences and behavior.

e. Ethnicity is identification within a group based on common ancestry, language, and custom; race is based on perceived biological differences and behavior.

Which of the following is TRUE according to a biological definition of race? a. Human races can be distinguished using a set of concordant traits. b. Human races are unable to interbreed. c. Race types match both rDNA and mDNA. d. Human biological races can be identified by skin color. e. Human race types are actually social categories, not biological ones.

e. Human race types are actually social categories, not biological ones.