Wellness Chapters 9-11
Leptin
A hormone secreted by the body's fat cells which tells the brain the size of fat stores so that it can regulate metabolism and appetite
20
Around what ages does bulimia emerge?
Before 18
At what age does BDD usually develop?
10-20 years
By how many years can obesity reduce life expectancy?
5-22 pounds
By how much can appetite suppressants increase weight loss?
25%
By how much can people underestimate their portion sizes?
10-15
By how much can the weight of someone with bulimia fluctuate?
5 years
By how much do experts expect the American life expectancy to decline?
Double
By how much does ovesity affect mortality rates?
18%
By how much has the American average caloric intake increased since 1983?
Endorphines
Chemicals that can inhibit sense of pain
Men
Do men or women have a higher RMR?
Decrease
Does weight loss increase or decrease RMR?
Visceral fat
Fat around organs
Subcutaneous fat
Fat underneath the skin
Cortisol and epinephrine
Hormones released by the actions of the sympathetic nerves which trigger physiological changes
More than doubled
How has the occurrence of obesity changed in the past 60 years?
Body weight over square of height
How is BMI calculated?
Less than 5%
How many American adults participate in at least 30 minutes of daily physical activity?
More than 2 million
How many US households have no access to a supermarket?
10-20%
How many bariatric patients may require follow up surgery?
2800
How many calories do people who lose weight and don't regain it typically burn per week through physical activity?
250-1000
How many calories per day should you attempt to deficit for weight loss?
More than 600
How many genes have been linked to obesity?
Half
How many of anorexia related deaths are suicides?
24 million
How many people in the US have an eating disorder?
.5-3.7%
How many women are estimated to suffer from anorexia?
10%
How many women with anorexia generally die because of it?
More than $60 million
How much do Americans spend each year on weight loss plans and products?
65-70%
How much of daily energy expenditure is accounted for by RMR?
20-30%
How much of daily energy expenditure is expended during physical activity?
10%
How much of daily energy expenditure is the energy required to digest food?
40-70%
How much weight loss can those with bariatric surgery have over the course of a year?
Visceral fat
Is visceral or subcutaneous fat more harmful to health?
Homeostasis
The body's state in which vital functions are maintained within a narrow range of normal
Resting metabolic rate
The energy required to maintain vital body functions while the body is at rest
Norepinephrine
The neurotransmitter which the sympathetic nerves use to enable the body to handle an emergency
Energy density
The number of calories per ounce or gram of weight in food
Autonomic nervous system
The part of the nervous system that is not under conscious supervision
Sympathetic division
The portion of the autonomic nervous system which is activated during times of arousal
Parasympathetic division
The portion of the autonomic nervous system which is in control when you are relaxed
Metabolism
The sum of all vital processes by which food, energy, and nutrients are made available to and used by the body
Somatic nervous system
The system which manages our conscious actions
Nervous and endocrine systems
What body systems are responsible for the body's physical response to stressors?
8-10%
What is reasonable weight loss over a six month period?
1800-3000
What is the average adult calorie diet?
19
What is the average age of onset for anorexia?
80%
What is the risk of children with obese parents becoming obese?
50%
What is the risk of children with one obese parent becoming obese?
6%
What percentage of American adults are morbidly obese?
2%
What percentage of American are affected by body dysmorphic disorder?
2%
What percentage of American men are affected by binge eating disorder?
3-5%
What percentage of American women are affected by binge eating disorder?
35%
What percentage of adult Americans are obese?
69%
What percentage of adult Americans are overweight?
90%
What percentage of people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are overweight?
10-15%
What percentage of weight loss program particitants typically maintain their weight loss?
One third
What portion of children and adolescents are overweight or obese?