Western Civ. Chapter 21

After the Settlement of 1867, the Hungarians embarked on a policy of Magyarization, which promoted tolerance of the language and culture of Hungary's minorities, the Croats and Serbs.

False

In terms of Europeans' understanding of the concept of nation, the key change that had taken place by 1848 was that it had expanded to accommodate new nations like Italy and Germany.

False

In the wake of the American Civil War, the U.S. Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment stating that all American were citizens of the United States and not a particular state.

False

Most of the 1848 revolutions were shaped by a combination of socialism and liberalism in southern and eastern Europe.

False

Napoleon III's transformation of Paris in the 1860s was universally lauded for bringing cleanliness and economic prosperity to the city.

False

The key difference between the revolutions in France and in the German-speaking lands is that whereas French revolutionaries wanted a representative government and a constitution, German revolutionaries were more socialist in their demands.

False

This term means "a cold, clear-eyed assessment of political realities that rejected any utopian belief in the power of revolutionary movements."

realpolitik

Please choose all the political challenges that stressed European governments in the 1840s.

socialists speaking up for the rights of labor and the poor republicans demanding universal suffrage nationalists challenging the legitimacy of hereditary leaders liberals seeking constitutional governments

Giuseppe Mazzini's Young Italy society alienated many of its liberal supporters due to its support of republicanism.

true

Select all the reasons why the government of King Louis Philippe had become deeply unpopular by the year 1848.

widespread corruption restricted franchise repressing of republican organizations

Please watch the following video in which Professor Cole provides his reasons for the simultaneous outbreak of revolutions in Europe in 1848. Then select all the correct economic reasons that he uses to account for them.

widespread hunger closing of factories too many industrial products were produced

Please read the quote below and choose the sentence that best summarizes the author's view. Italy must become not only independent but politically united. Political unity alone can reconcile various interests and laws, can mobilize credit and put out collective energies to speeding up communications. Only thus will we find sufficient capital for large-scale industry. Only thus will we create new markets, suppress internal obstacles to the free flow of commerce, and find the strengths and reputation needed for traffic in distant lands.

A unified Italy will produce a modernized capatilist nation.

Fill in the blanks to complete this brief account of the failure of the Frankfurt Assembly during the German revolution of 1848.

Although the members of the Frankfurt Assembly all had nationalist aspirations, it was that very nationalism that tore them apart. At first, many supported a Great German position that would include all the German-speaking lands of Habsburg Austria. Others, however, backed a Small German position that would include only the lands of the German Confederation. After months of negotiation, the Austrian emperor withdrew from the Assembly and the members offered to make Frederick William IV a constitutional monarch of a unified Germany, but he refused.

The Habsburg emperor, Francis Joseph, was forced to make a(n) _____________ or settlement with the Hungarians, the empire's largest minority, following the Austrian defeat in the Austro-Prussian War.

Ausgleich

Upon becoming president of France in December 1848, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, nephew of the great Napoleon, did all of the following to consolidate his power with one exception. Choose the exception.

Ended the workers revolt through armed warfare in the streets of Paris

Leader of the "Thousand," this famous Italian patriot overthrew the Bourbon dynasty of Sicily and southern Italy in 1860.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Which one of the following statements is not true about the Second Reform Bill of 1867?

It gave women the right to vote

All of the problems below were features of European social life in the decade before the 1848 revolutions with one exception. Please choose the exception.

Lowering of food prices, leading to massive bankruptcy of the farmers

. Please choose the best explanation for why liberalism and nationalism could not unite in the Habsburg (Austrian) Empire as they had in the German lands.

National Ideas threatened to break down the empire

Which of the following statements was not a consequence of Tsar Alexander II's emancipation of the serfs?

Peasants took possession of individual lots for which they had to pay the state

Which of the following statements best describes the immediate cause for the outbreak of the Crimean War?

Russia moved troops into Ottoman proviences to protect religious minorities.

. While their opponents championed such Enlightenment values as secularism, romantic Russian nationalists, called ____________ , wanted to preserve traditional Russian culture.

Slavophiles

Please read the passage below and then choose the following sentence that best summarizes the point of view of the author, Karl Marx. The February Revolution was the beautiful revolution, the revolution of universal sympathy, because the antagonisms, which had flared up in it against the monarchy, slumbered peacefully side by side, still undeveloped, because the social struggle which formed its background had won only a joyous existence ... The June revolution is the ugly revolution, the repulsive revolution, because things have taken place of phrases, because the republic uncovered the head of the monster itself, by striking off the crown that shielded and concealed it.

The February revolution embodied the people's hopes, while the June revolt dashed them.

Please look at the following picture carefully and then choose the sentence that best summarizes the artist's attitude to the Prussian king Frederick William IV. This political cartoon, "NO PIECE OF PAPER WILL COME BETWEEN MYSELF AND MY PEOPLE," from 1848 shows a very big headed and large Frederick William IV and a military officer in a very richly decorated room trying to shove a door closed on top of men carrying a sheet of paper representing Frederick William IV's refusal to accept the constitution for a new Germany offered to him by the Frankfurt Assembly.

The artist satirizes the kings unreasonableness

Read the passage below and then choose the sentence that best summarizes the view of King Frederick William IV of Prussia about the idea of constitutional monarchy. The crown which a Hohenzoller [Prussian royal house] could accept, if circumstances permitted, is not one made by an assembly sprung from a revolutionary seed in the genre of the crown of cobble stones of Louis Philippe... [it] overwhelmingly dishonors [its bearer] with its smell of the gunpowder of the 1848 revolution ...

The king refuses to accept the legitimacy constitutional monarchy

Fill in the blanks to complete the paragraph below on the origins of the U.S. Civil War.

The mid-nineteenth century witnessed a growing division in the United States between the industrial North and the agrarian South, the latter of which was based on slave labor. Moreover, abolitionists became increasingly vocal in their demands to end slavery. When the two sides could not satisfactorily settle the issue of whether to bring new states into the union as either 'slave' or 'free,' certain states opted for secession in 1861, leading to the outbreak of war.

In the years leading up to the 1848 revolutions, nationalism was often associated with liberalism. True or False

True

One key feature that made the Habsburg (Austrian) Empire different from the German Confederation and France is that, unlike the latter two, the Habsburg kings ruled over an extremely diverse array of peoples from different ethnic backgrounds. True or false

True

21.2. Understand the causes and failure of the revolutions of 1848 in France. All of the following were accomplishments of France's provisional government of February-May 1848 except one. Choose the exception.

Universal Suffrage

Please click on all the regions that were not part of the new Italian state when it was unified in 1860.

Venetia, Corsica (to France), Rome, Lucca(to the right slightly) all on Map

Please choose all those elements that were characteristic of the Crimean War.

War Correspondents , massive epidemics, and photographers

The idea that governments could be legitimate only if they reflected the character, history, and customs of the common people is called

nationalism

Fill in the blanks to complete this paragraph on Italian unification.

When Camillo Cavour became prime minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, he understood that Italian unification could only be achieved through diplomacy. Consequently, he made an agreement with Napoloial III to offer land in exchange for driving the Austrians out. Following a brief war in 1859, Cavour doubled the size of the kingdom.

Please select all the ways that Louis Kossuth attempted to foster Hungarian nationalism in the Habsburg Empire.

campaigned for a separate parliament published parliamentary transcripts staged political banquets

Select all the values associated with the Jeffersonians in the United States during the early nineteenth century.

independence of yeoman farmers virtue and talent supremacy of people's representatives