Western Civilization Post Test Questions

After Muhammad's death, Muslim scholars drew up the shari'ah, which is

A code that provides believers with practical laws to regulate their daily lives

Mansa Musa caused Timbuktu to become

An intellectual capital of the Muslim World

How did people in the Fertile Crescent adapt to their environment?

By using irrigation and drainage

The pope's behavior during the Great Schism caused people like John Wyclif and John Hus to

Criticize the popes for their corruption and abuse of power

Harmony with nature and the universal order are beliefs of

Daoism

Which leader of the Persian Empire expanded it into the largest empire the world yet seen?

Darius

Hammurabi is remembered for

Established a collection of laws for Mesopotamian society

Cyrus the Great showed such wisdom and compassion when he conquered Babylon that

Everyone excepted him as a ruler

Martin Luther believed that salvation could be achieved through

Faith alone

Hieratic script, a simplified version of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, was used

For business transactions, record keeping, and the general needs of daily life

How did Gregory the Great strengthen the papacy?

He took control of Rome and surrounding territories, which gave the papacy a source of political power

what did Charlemagne do that merged Roman, Christian, and German elements in his kingdom?

He, a German king, was crowned emperor of the Romans by the pope

The conquests of Alexander the Great gave rise to the

Hellenistic era, during which the Greek language and Greek ideas spread to the non-Greek world

who were the first hominids to make fires deliberately?

Homo Sapiens

Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva the Destroyer are the three chief

Human like gods in Hinduism

the first great Burmese state, Pagan, adopted

Indian institutions

Joan of Arc brought the Hundred Years War to a decisive turning point by

Inspiring the French with her faith

who was appointed dictator after defeating Pompey?

Julius Caesar

The reforms of Christianity

Laid the foundations of democracy

The first Han emperor discarded

Legalism and adopted Confucianism

The founder of Han dynasty was

Liu Pang, a man of peasant origin

Which four kingdoms emerged following Alexander the Great's death?

Macedonia, Syria, Pergamum, and Egypt

The school of Buddhism that defines Nirvana as not just a release from the "wheel of life", but a true heaven is

Mahayana

A civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean that built structures to the labyrinth of King Minos was the

Minoan Civilization

Which of the following was the first Greek state?

Mycenae

The Peloponnesian War, which began in 431 B.C. was a result of

Ongoing disputes between the Athenians and the Spartans

One way that Buddhism differed from Hinduism was Buddhists believed that

People should be responsible for their own lives

By 750 B.C., the _____ became the central focus of Greek life

Polis

The final decrees of the Council of Trent

Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs

Herodotus wrote that what is considered to be the first

Real history in Western Civilization

Marius changed Rome's military recruitment system by

Recruiting the landless poor

Gupta rulers earned large profits from

Religious trade

Who said that "the unexamined life is not worth living"?

Socrates

The first empire in world history was

The Akkadian empire

The priestly class of Ancient Indian society were

The Brahmans

Confucius believed that people should be governed by

The Five Constant Relationships

The vikings were made part of European civilization by

The Frankish policy of setting them and converting them to Christianity

Because trade brought new civilizations into contract with one another

The transfer of new technology often occurred

How did monks and nuns help to spread Christianity of prayer?

Through missionary activities

who attempted to redistribute land to the poor with disastrous results

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

At the heart of feudalism was

Vassalage, which meant warriors, swore loyalty to a lord, who in turn took care of their needs

In Athens, during the Age of Pericles, every male citizen

Was eligible to vote on all major issues

Through the achievements of Muslim scholars, Europeans

Were able to read the works of Aristotle and other Greek philosophers

One of the Five Pillars of Islam, the hajj is

a pilgrimage to Makkah

Petrarch is considered the father of Italian Renaissance humanism because he

helped spread classical ideals by reviving forgotten Latin manuscripts

The Assyrians had the first large armies who carried weapons made of

iron

During his reign, Asoka

set up hospitals for people and animals

Siddhartha Gautama accepted the idea of reincarnation, but he rejected

the division of human beings into rigidly defined castes

In "The Prince", Machiavelli argues that

the end justify the means

Dominic de Guzman believed the best way to attack heresy was

to form a new religious order of men who lived lives of poverty and preached effectively