WGU Introduction to Communication - C464

If you're visiting Hawaii—where removing shoes in a home is a sign of respect—do not feel as if this practice applies to you. a. False b. True

a. False

Example of how functionality of the communication channel may cause problems

Text messages are typically short and contain few details; moreover, nonverbal cues, such as facial expression or tone of voice, are absent and thus cannot assist us in understanding the sender's intent.

True or false Co-culture is a smaller group within the general culture.

true

True or false Co-cultures reflect beliefs within the general culture.

true

In some organizations, more communication flows downward than upward, and subordinates rarely initiate interaction with superiors. Often, in these settings,

written communication is favored over oral communication for transmitting a message to someone with a lot of power or status.

true or false Co-cultures often have very little influence on the way people within those co-cultures behave.

false

true or false Sorority sisters on a college campus are NOT considered a co-culture.

false

What occurs when communication is unsuccessful?

others do not interpret our meanings as we intend, and a state of misunderstanding results.

ethos, pathos, or logos? ability to elicit a specific emotional response from the audience

pathos

The summation of who you are is

self concept

Your evaluation of who you are is

self esteem

The description of self concept

the person who we think we are

Does the process of communication begin before or after any verbal or nonverbal messages are transmitted

BEFORE Many communicators enter into interactions without a clear understanding of what they hope will happen, and they rarely leave feeling satisfied or understood. Thus, the communication process begins before any verbal or nonverbal messages are actually transmitted; in fact, one truism of all human communication is that a great deal of the experience takes place below the level of consciousness

verbal communication

The sharing of information between individuals by using language

Which of the following is NOT true about the four types of persuasive speech? a A factual speech aims to bring new knowledge to the existing belief an audience has about facts. b A value speech argues a change of attitude, belief, or behavior based on a beginning principle or value. c A definitional speech will argue about technical, scientific, or legal status in relation to a particular issue. d A policy speech aims to present specific, official solutions to a particular social or political problem.

a A factual speech aims to bring new knowledge to the existing belief an audience has about facts. actual speeches argue for change in an audience based on better factual knowledge in the presentation.

Which of the following BEST describes a dyadic relationship? a A relationship involving two people b When verbal and nonverbal interactions occur between individuals c A relationship involving more than two people d Two people being mutually dependent on one another

a A relationship involving two people

In which instances is it important to establish common ground with your audience? a Agreeable, resistant, and ambivalent b Agreeable only c Resistant only d Ambivalent and agreeable

a Agreeable, resistant, and ambivalent

While James is at work, he speaks assertively. He has a tendency to emphasize his experience and expertise. Additionally, he rarely cancels appointments, is very structured in his use of time, and does not like to be interrupted or delayed. Which of the following characteristics of culture can be applied to James? a. masculinity and monochronic b. feminine and monochronic c. individualistic and polychronic d. masculinity and polychronic

a. masculinity and monochronic

In a ___________ culture, people tend to place a high value on timeliness and schedules. They focus on the value of time, and therefore tend to have a very rigid interpretation of how to organize their schedules. a. monochronic b. masculine c. low context d. feminine

a. monochronic

Which of the following is a correct statement? a. Keeping an open mind is not necessary when getting to know members of other cultures. b. College fraternity meetings are an example of an intercultural situation. c. A visit to a Mormon community is not an example of an intercultural situation. d. Intercultural communication competence is influenced by money, power, and language.

b. College fraternity meetings are an example of an intercultural situation.

TRUE or FALSE Even when only one party, the sender, is speaking, all people involved are engaged in communication.

True The receivers might smile, take notes, nod off to sleep, nod in agreement, frown with confusion or in disagreement, think deeply about an idea, or they might offer verbal responses to the sender and ask questions themselves. These new messages represent feedback, the verbal or nonverbal message that a receiver provides to the sender as he or she perceives and assigns meaning to the sender's message.

define culture

complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man [sic] as a member of society" refers to behavior (NOT groups of people) -they are learned behaviors from the groups with which we identify and interact -NOT biological ***"the learned and shared behavior of a community of interacting human beings"*****

examples of verbal messages

content of your message, the style with which you communicate it, and the language that you use

The linear model fails to recognize that when an individual is sending a message to someone: a. that individual often says the opposite of what she means. b. the sender is a more competent communicator than the receiver. c. the receiver is not listening. d. the receiver is simultaneously sending her own messages to that individual.

d. the receiver is simultaneously sending her own messages to that individual. . The linear model fails to recognize the receiver in an interaction as a communicator.

what is a policy persuasive speech

describes a social/political problem and seeks to solve the problem with a solution

define fallacy

descriptions of the ways in which arguments can go wrong.

A virtual organization is one with no centralized physical space. Employees work from (a company's headquarters, different locations) and collaborate with colleagues using new media. New media have allowed people and organizations to become (organized, global) in their interactions and impact(Open systems, Closed systems) enable collaboration and communication across group and organizational boundaries, and they are created and sustained by the communication technology we use.

different locations global open systems

Because the information being exchanged through new media is (linear,digital), it can be stored in a very small physical space.

digital

what is a TOPICal presention?

each main point is a separate entity, all of which connect by way of the topic ex; presentation about 3 business

what is a chronological presentation

each main point is in sequential/ time order ex: historical speech on a person's life

When communicating globally in the business context, you need to understand the:

economic and social conditions of the other communicators.

interdependence

efers to two people being mutually dependent on one another. That is, in interpersonal relationships, the behaviors of one person affect the other. In a marriage, for example, a spouse's alcoholism and tendency to become verbally aggressive when under the influence have a significant, negative impact on the other partner.

. More specifically, in order to be successful, organizations, groups, and the individuals within them must create and operate within an open system. What is an open system?

enable collaboration and communication across group and organizational boundaries, and they are created and sustained by the communication technology we use.

In more egalitarian workplace cultures,

equality is valued and information is exchanged irrespective of title or position.

Define ethos

ethical/characteristics of the speaker having competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism -credibility of the speaker -trustworthiness - reveal any particular bias that they may bring to the presentation -a person's character -audience's perceptions of the speaker's level of concern for their interests (caring for audience members) -dynamic - engaged, attentive, interactive, and personable

ethos, pathos or logos? percieved credibility of the speaker

ethos

Hasty generalization:

fallacy of inductive reasoning that comes to a general conclusion based on too few or unrepresentative examples. If I drove to campus one day and found that parking was plentiful, I might conclude that parking is always easy to find. Basing that conclusion on a single day, however, would probably be premature. If it happened that the day was a Saturday when few classes were meeting, then the reasoning would also be faulty because Saturdays are not like other days on campus.

You can evaluate media and make good selections by examining their richness. It is important to understand that (lean media/rich media) are capable of facilitating understanding, while (rich media/lean media) are the media least capable of facilitating understanding. And (lean media/rich media) come close to simulating face-to-face communication and allow for the exchange of nonverbal information, emotion, and quick feedback. Lean media are reliant mostly on text and permit little or no exchange of affect, instant feedback, or important(verbal/nonverbal) cues.

rich lean rich nonverbal

If other people's understanding of your message will be aided by a visual image in addition to spoken words, it is important to

select a medium that supports visual cues

If you predict that your receiver's interest in your message will be low, and you want to engage him or her (or them, in the case of a presentation) with video or audio, be sure

select a medium that transmits sound and moving images.

Do you need to manage or control how the receiver makes sense of and interprets your message? If you want to influence how the receiver perceives you and your message, you should

select the most interactive medium available, or even face-to-face communication. When you are concerned that a message will be subject to easy misinterpretation, use a medium that allows clear and timely feedback.

What are the 3 skills required for competent communication

listening, critical thinking, and adapability

Basic compentencies of communication

listening, thinking critically, and adapting. All three of these competencies are important to successfully communicating in all contexts.

Define logos

logical reasoning -discourse that is supported by logical reasoning. -proof message is accurate survey statistical evidence documentation

When communicators (simultaneously/ adaptively) send and receive messages and (adapt/reciprocate) to one another's feedback, they are illustrating sender-receiver (adaptivity/reciprocity)

simultaneously, adapt, reciprocity

What is roletaking

skills that allows one to step in the shoes of another to help predict their reactions to communication. (key to positive communuication) NO BRAGGING

an attitude that is always ______________ and a belief that is always _____________

specific, general

What is the primary effect

starting body with the most compelling evidence/arguement to grab attention

Define the principle of selective exposure

states that we will attend to information that reinforces existing beliefs and disregard information that is at odds with our current position.

what is the plural form of medium

media examples: television, radio, telephone, letters, film, or newspapers

proximity

physical closeness in relation to other info

synchronous vs. asynchronous

synchronous = instant (text, fb, snapchat, phone call) asynchronous = takes time (email, phone call/text when person does not have phone or ignores message)

nonverbal communication -haptics

the use of touch in communication

What does metacognition mean?

thinking about thinking

Print, radio, and television are considered (traditional, new) media.

traditional

what type of informative speech is the longest

training session

Emotions such as anger, fear, grief, or guilt that many people associate with negative situations may be effective in some public speaking situations. TRUE or FALSE?

true

When a person's inclusion needs are not met, he or she may become either antisocial and/or oversocial. TRUE or FALSE?

true

ethos pathos or logos?

use of sound logical reasoning

what is a spacial presentation

used when information is organized by way of "space". For example, explaining to your audience the layout of the school library.

stages of perception

selection, organization, interpretation

define globalization

"the process of our world becoming ever more connected in economic, political, organizational, and personal terms as transportation and telecommunication systems improve" Technologies (primarily the Internet) have diminished the limiting aspects of time and space, enabling the formation of more global organizations, in which employees find themselves collaborating with colleagues in other countries in primarily virtual ways. also air transportation

Describe the first dimension of communication competence

(Appropriateness) being alert to and aware of what behaviors are appropriate in light of the context competent communication begins with an analysis of people, your intended communication goal, the nature of the environment, and the physical setting. Assessing the appropriate approach requires: astute grasp of unique situational features, norms, and expectations as well as the personal characteristics of the communicators involved. Being appropriate involves effort, awareness, and a willingness to relate to people and to learn about them. Despite the energy and work it requires, becoming skilled at observing and evaluating situations and people can result in satisfying, effective communication

define technophobic

(anxious or avoidant of using new media)

Describe the second dimension of communication competence

(communication skills) communicators have a wide range of communication skills available, and they use them all at various times, based on what the situation demands . These communication skills take time to build and develop and frequently require fine-tuning. Competent communicators look for ways to strengthen and improve their skills across the lifespan by taking courses like this one, reading books on the subject, participating in training and development workshops and seminars, communicating with a wide range of people and in many situations, and reflecting on the feedback they receive and the outcomes of their communication.

Predicters of IPV (intimate partner violence)

*controlling behavior *verbal and emotional abuse by perpetuator *stalking *war veterans

True or false: communication is a simple one-way activity in which the sender "tells" and the receiver "listens."

FALSE

What are the 4 primary challenges to communication

1. Effective communication requires significant intellectual and psychological resources. 2. Not everyone we encounter will appreciate the value of communication. 3. We may over-rely on digitally mediated communication. 4. We live in a diverse world where intercultural understanding can be difficult.

Tuckman's Four Stages of Team Building

1. Forming (inital meeting, polite) 2. Storming (conflict/power struggles) 3. Norming (resolving conflict and creating of ground rules) 4. Performing (completing project with synergy and high morale)

What does the transactional model illustrate?

how the sender and the receiver develop, share, shape, and reshape ideas at the same time. In other words, communication is more than talking or telling. We rarely create meanings and ideas independently of others, and we are more than passive, robotic recipients and processors of others' messages.

territoriality

how we establish and manage space as belonging uniquely to us. For example, Tamara and Joe have a rule that their children do not enter their private home offices without being invited first. This household rule is a way of defining Tamara's and Joe's personal space and establishing their territory Terri attended a party recently and placed her purse on a table to reserve a space where she planned to eat dinner. However, her selection of a seat to claim as her own was not random; she wanted to sit with certain people and not just any of the party guests. Therefore, the placement of her purse not only defined Terri's territory... it made a statement about the individuals at the party with whom she preferred to spend time and share her meal.

demonstration

how-to advice "presenting something to staff" involves physical depiction

Define the principle of selective attention

illustrates how, once we are engaged in a particular interaction, we focus on certain information and ignore other information.

Sociologist Erving Goffman referred to the strategic presentation of self as

impression management

What is the most common error we make in interpreting events

inaccurately stereotyping

what are the positives to new media

increased productivity, and creativity at work, enhanced collaboration among community members, increased frequency and ease of communication, increased efficiency of information sharing and retrieval, and strengthened family and relational ties as a result of more frequent communication.

What are the 5 primary characteristics of culture and co-cultural memberships that have an affect on human communication

individualism and collectivism, high context and low context, high power distance and low power distance, masculinity and femininity, and polychronism and monochronism. *each represents a continuum and individuals within a group may fall anywhere on that continuum.

It is impossible for you to perceive all of the information that exists in the environment. All of the stimuli that you sense represent _____________, and selection helps you to _____________________________________________________________

information focus on some information and ignore other information.

what is the difference between informative and persuasive presentations

informative is based on educational teaching persuasive is encouraging people to agree with your view point because it is superior

Suppose you share an apartment or a house with two other people—one of whom is compulsive about cleaning, emptying the dishwasher, and generally keeping things tidy. The other leaves towels on the bathroom floor and dishes in the sink, and has not run the vacuum cleaner even once. This is an example of.....?

interpretation (3rd stage in precipitation process) If you are more like the neat housemate, then you probably appreciate his or her vigilance about making sure that things are clean and orderly, and you believe that the second housemate is lazy and disrespectful to the home you share and to you and your fellow tidy housemate. You believe that your home is an extension of who you are, and you would much rather keep the house orderly and clean. However, if you tend to be more like the sloppy housemate, you may interpret the tidy housemate's actions as overly rigid and controlling. You believe that your environment is an extension of who you are, and that a little clutter simply reflects your laid-back approach to life. Do you now see how our interpretations are subject to both our internal states (our own preferences, in this case) and external stimuli (in our example, the condition of the shared space and the behavior of the housemates)? Our internal states and the stimuli themselves act as a sort of lens through which we view experiences. Like your cell phone's camera lens, which is sometimes dirty, resulting in cloudy photos, and sometimes clean and clear, our interpretations of our experiences can vary.

what is the third stage in the precipitation process?

interpretation (assign meaning to stimuli)

define critical thinking

involves assessing the communicator, context, and message which can be accomplished by tuning in, assessing the communicator's ideas, and considering the source of credibility

"Effective Communication Requires Significant Intellectual and Psychological Resources" explain what this means

As you interact with others, you use your intellect, emotions, and assessment of others' needs and motivations to create and exchange, make sense of, and respond to messages. In other words, communication is a lot of work! In order to communicate effectively: We must determine how to best package and deliver a message by developing the ability to understand and predict the needs and potential responses of others. During communication, we must be aware of and responsive to the feedback we receive from others to assess whether our approach is creating the meanings we intend in the minds of other communicators. After an interaction, it is also important to pause, reflect, and evaluate both the process and outcome of communication in order to determine the next steps.

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving language shapes our reality

What are the two reasons that speakers use media as a form of sensory aid?

First, speakers use sensory aids to engage their audiences with their content. Some form of interactivity, a video or even a handout, can raise a listener's interest in your presentation. When you know that your topic may not excite your audience all that much, you might want to offer your audience some sensory support to help motivate them to keep listening. Second, speakers use sensory aids to help teach their audiences about their topics. A great deal of evidence suggests that when learners see or directly experience information through the senses (in addition to hearing), they understand and retain that information better than when they just hear it (Clark & Mayer, 2011).

(General cultures, Co-cultures) refers to the values and behaviors people hold regardless of specialized groups or backgrounds. For example, someone might have grown up in a family without pets but still be very fond of dogs. (General cultures, Co-cultures) refers to specialized groups that impact the individual members and their interactions. For example, a man might identify with a Bible Study group and a band he sings for.

Gen culture, co-culture

What is a final factor for how people perceive stimuli?

How they are feeling

training session

LONGEST instructs audience how to complete a task accurately -highly interactive -technically focused -DETAILED "overseeing employees"

concrete language

Language that describes specific, observable things, people, or places, rather than ideas or qualities.make an example very vivid in the minds of the audience. Descriptive phrases like "the salty spray of the ocean" or "the noisy bustle of downtown" appeal to the senses and can help put audience members in a specific frame of mind. The audience can recreate those sensations or think of the specific objects to which the words refer.

Ad hominem:

Latin for "about the person," an ad hominem fallacy occurs when someone refutes an argument by attacking the person who presented the argument rather than the argument itself. An example would be dismissing a sales pitch from a car salesperson because you assume they are hiding something from you. They might be making a great argument for a car, but you evaluate the source of the argument rather than the argument.

examples of c0-cultures

Southerners, college students, fraternity members, engineers, Easterners, gamers, the Amish, vegetarians, Los Angeles Lakers fans, Latter-day Saints, artists, feminists, Democrats, Marines, Republicans, CrossFitters, stay-at-home moms, evangelical Christians, Navy SEALs, pet owners, Hispanic Americans, Pittsburgh Steelers fans, and so forth. **most people identify with multiple co-cultures

What transforms the linear model into the transactional model?

The addition of feedback, along with consideration of the factors that make accurate decoding of messages difficult, transforms the linear model into the transactional model.

Define attribution error

a common mistake people make in perceiving events, messages, and people - they occur when, in interpreting our own or others' behavior, we rely on faulty explanations, reasons, or information.

Each of the following scenarios exemplifies one of the cultural dimensions explored in this module. Drag and drop the most appropriate dimension of culture and place it next to the appropriate scenario. Jolene is a banker who has no problem leaving work early to attend a family function or working on weekends. She is very flexible in terms of starting times for her appointments and deadlines. a. polychronic b. masculine c. feminine d. low power distance e high power distance f high context g collectivist h monochronic i individualist

a. polychronic

When Keri wanted Ben to stop talking she averted her eyes and turned her back. The function of this behavior was to a. regulate interaction b. display emotion c. adapt d. illustrate

a. regulate interaction *action used to balance interaction

Though Radhika has brought up the subject of anxiety to her before, Joanna did not listen to much of Radhika's advice and focused only on information that reinforced her ideas about why she felt nervous. In doing so, Joanna was engaged in: a. Selective attention b. Subjective perception c. Selective exposure d. Selective recall

a. selective attention

What kind of persuasive speech is the example You argue that Justice Sonia Sotomayor is the first person of Latin heritage to be appointed to the Supreme Court. a. definitional b. factual c. policy d. value

b. factual

define polychronic culture

flexible in terms of starting times for appt and deadlines -change plans and priorities easily and border between work or professional time and family or personal time is fluid for them -style may seem chaotic and unfocused to a m individual -they are inclined to see no problem in leaving work early to attend a family function, or working on weekends or on what is typically thought of as personal time when they feel it is necessary.

Define rules:

formal expectations that guide team members' interactions with one another as well as their task performance

define adaptability

how individuals respond during communication (consciously and subconsciously) which is characterized by moments and displays -leads to positive outcomes like increased credibility, stronger relationships, and increased productivity.

People with high status in organizational settings tend to receive

more messages than others

define salient

most noticeable or important

Viewing human communication as a ____________ for achieving mutual understanding among communicators, rather than as a ___________ event, can help us begin to overcome, or at least to manage, some of the challenges that make human communication difficult.

process, singular

Describe the final dimension of communication competence

(motivation) Your motivation to communicate may vary according to the situation and even the hour of the day.Many factors can influence our level of motivation to communicate, including our perception of the importance of the issue, our overall attitudes about the situation, our feelings of similarity to our interaction partners or audience, social anxieties, and our expectations or predictions about the values and benefits of communicating. Our mood, energy level, and state of self-confidence all play a role too. In other words, something as simple as a bad hair day can discourage us from interacting with others.

What do you do/not do if you are a victim of electronic aggression?

*report activity to law enforcement or go to school officials -block person from contact seek professional help DO NOT: -engage in communication with a stalker -attempt to defend yourself in the event of electronic aggression/bullying

culture reflects the following behaviors about people:

- Values and beliefs that they share (e.g., hard work and devotion to God and family) - Lifestyles they lead (e.g., members of the Seventh-day Adventist® Church are predominantly vegetarian) - Products that they buy (e.g., active members of the Facebook group "Buy American" make purchase decisions based on where products are made), - the holidays they observe (e.g., members of the Jewish faith tradition celebrate Hanukkah; Christians typically celebrate Christmas) -Rules that they follow (e.g., those living on a Native American reservation follow the rules of their tribal authority rather than state laws), how literally and closely they follow those rules (e.g., members of the military place a great cultural emphasis on following rules and policies to the letter) - the patterns of behavior in which they engage -geographic regions where we live, -what we do for a living, - how much education we have, - where we (and our parents and grandparents) were born,

How to select correct communication medium

- assess how comm. flows in organization(what are the media norms? if no superiour interation use written, if egalitarian use equity - statues of person you will be talking to (high/low) - what is your relationship? (formal or informal (use text and social media)) - what is their tech usage (beginner, innovator, or lagger? -adapt to their usage) - what media do they currently have assess to?

at good stories share the following characteristics:

-They are realistic. The story rings true for listeners and is perceived as something that either is happening or could happen to them or someone they know. -They have sustainable value. The audience should leave a presentation that is told as a story with a lesson, strategy, piece of information, or belief that they can use and apply. When this content helps them solve a problem, it becomes even more valuable. -They are organized. Good stories are coherent and make sense. Even though they are told naturally and in a conversational style, they are organized and easy for listeners to follow. -They are interactive. Great storytellers involve their listeners by asking questions or generating other kinds of verbal or nonverbal involvement from the audience (e.g., asking for a show of hands, having audience members physically do something, asking them to think about something specific, or any number of other creative techniques for making the audience active).

benefits of emerging new media

-allow for social networking and community building (ex:facebook activity) -increase productivity -increase creativity -increase frequency of communication -increase efficiency of info -strengthen family and relationship ties

pitfalls of emerging new media

-cyberstalking -cyberbulling -catfishing -face to face conversation skills decline -lack personality

How do we organize communication stimuli

-distinguishing between figure and ground -closure -proximity -similarity

What are the consequences of stalking

-extreme fear -psychological trauma -lose time from workdays -potential physical harm -relocation (due to fear) -require psychotherapy -high rates of anxiety, insomnia, social dysfunction, and depression

What factors impact how you perceive the world?

-identity ways you express cultural affiliations -ethnicity gender sexuality religion groups

What are 4 examples of being a good listener

-listen carefully and respond to the needs and concerns of others -listen is the primary method that we learn (leads to academic success) -employees are evaluated heavily on their ability to listen well (imp. skill for employment) -ability to listen differentiates people with management, leadership, and other critical organization skills

One way to effectively judge the relationship among you, your receiver(s), media, and message is to

-look for norms among your social network or within your organization or company. -examining their richness.

What does interpretation rely on? (2)

-our internal states -characteristics of stimuli themselves

How did globalization help communication

-strengthened international connections -strengthened personal connections -increased college students -study abroad programs

characteristics of an INTERPERSONAL relationship

-there is interdependence (dependence) -we develop of our relational partner's unique characteristics, qualities, and behaviors -we make sense of and predict the other's behavior based on our shared history with that person and our understanding of him or her as a unique individual (allows empathy) we draw conclusions about people based on cultural or social data, such as gender, age, place of residence, and religion. - We make small talk that does not require any particular special knowledge of our partner. -closeness and heightened level of knowledge and understanding of one another

Why are perceptions dangerous

-they can be inaccurate -they can be biased -they give incomplete info

Explain "Analysis of other communicators involved and feedback are essential to communication"

. Because we decode messages and encode our responses simultaneously, communicators act as senders and receivers simultaneously. In other words, we are constantly analyzing and assessing our interaction partner(s) (the other communicator or communicators) during communication. When giving a presentation, you may be aware of the people in the audience who seem interested and alert through their nonverbal cues such as eye contact, nodding, or note-taking; you are also aware of the people who are bored, confused, disinterested, or even hostile. Based on your reading of this feedback, you may modify your message by speeding it up, slowing it down, or asking whether anyone has any questions. This cycle of analyzing or reading your audience, whether it is a roomful of people or a single individual, helps the transaction to proceed. As you collect information from your audience in the form of verbal and nonverbal feedback cues, you are better able to provide them with what they want or need to more accurately understand your intended meaning and respond appropriately to your communication.

What are the characteristics of a successful public speaking attitude

1. Believe that you have something important and worthwhile to share. (be passionate about the topic) 2. Know that public speaking makes you vulnerable but that feedback and criticism can be very useful (can lower self-esteem - use criticism to modify presentation) 3. Understand that the best public speaking style is a conversational one (be conversational, natural and NOT formal) 4. Create and maintain a genuine positive regard for your audience. (come in with a positive outlook- develop affinity 5. Believe and reassure yourself that you will succeed. (believe in yourself

What are the 4 reasons effective listening is important

1. It helps us gather information (retain complex messages, follow through with important directions) 2. It supports us in becoming better evaluators of what we hear (use to evaluate credibility, screen, filter and evaluate what we hear to make informed decisions) 3. IT helps us relax and divert attention to something we enjoy (boost mental and physical health, recreational listening provides us with a break( 4. It contributes to health of our relationships with other people

define the set of general skills and guidelines for communicating competently with members of different groups. (5 steps)

1. Prepare for intercultural situations, such as travel or global business obligations, by learning all that you can about the cultural norms of the country you plan to visit and the people with whom you will be interacting. (use fact sheet from US state dept 2.Adapt to the norms of your host culture. 3. Be aware that everyone is influenced by his or her cultural and co-cultural affiliations and background and may not be attempting to be "difficult." 4. Attempt to be more tolerant of ambiguity. 5. Use labels and generalizations with caution.

What are the three goals for informative presentations? (define each)

1. communicate information that is new knowledge for audience ex: instructor asking you to prepare an oral presentation on a textbook chapter GOAL: deliver info, develop and formate delivery approach that is suitable to audience 2. Further Existing Knowledge ex: Eva giving presentation that is part of a week long university program on raising awareness about violence against women GOAL:understanging of a student audience and seeking to add knowledge to their previous knowledge 3. Update outdated infor or change listeners factual understandings on a topic ex; Dr. Smith, president of a university, give staff a briefing to let them know that the rumers about his resignation are false

What are the 5 types of body movements within kinethetics> (define them)

1. emblems: movements that subsistiutes action for a word. EX: thumbs up = good job 2. illustrator: movemet that accompany/reinforce a verbal code ex: nodding while saying yes 3. affect displays: movements that showcase emotion ex: slumped shoulders with minimal eye contact= depressed\ 4. regulator: movement that help manage conversation ex: checking watch when you want to leave 5. adapter: unconscious movements ex: nervously clicking a pen

Specifically, in addition to being technically competent at their jobs and understanding the processes and policies of their organizations, team members and leaders must learn and perfect complex communication skills. These communication skills include (3)

1. giving effective feedback 2. recieving feedback/critisim 3. asking for help and clarification when you dont know something

Reasons communication is important

1. helps us navigate personal challenges 2. gives us an edge personally and socially 3. helps people succeed at work 4. Helps people contribute positively to their communities 5. vital to developing as a complete person

What are the 4 types of informative speech?

1. instructional presentation 2. brief report (briefing) 3 demonstration 4. training session

proxemics: Hall (1966) identified four distances people typically use to regulate how much personal space they prefer or require in different contexts. These four distances include

1. intimate distance: hich extends up to 18 inches away from you. In Western cultures, people tend to reserve this space for those to whom they are very close relationally. 2. personal distance: the space that begins 18 inches away from you and extends up to 4 feet. It is the amount of space used by most Americans (and other Western cultures) for conversation with friends and acquaintances 3. social distance: anges from 4 to 12 feet away from you. Most professional, workplace communication takes place at a social distance. 4. public distance: greater than 12 feet away from you, and it is used for public speaking and lecturing. Priests tend to maintain public distance during Mass, as do professors in lecture halls.

what are the criteria for determining the strengths and weaknesses of digital media

1. mediums capacity for instant (synchronous) feedback 2. capactiy for communicating multiple cues 3. capacity for transmitting natural language 4. capacity to express personality/emotion

What are the 4 principals of selection

1. principle of selective exposure 2. principle of selective attention 3. selective perception 4. selective recall

Someone engages in a (fundamental attribution, self-serving bias, or attribution error, or locus of causation) if he perceives his successes as due to some internal skill or ability he has but perceives his failures as due to external forces out of his control. When an individual perceives a stranger, friend, or even a group of people with a shared identity as only ever having success because of luck or someone else's charity, they engage in (self-serving bias, attribution, fundamental attribution, locus of causation). In order to avoid errors of attribution, an individual must carefully determine the(self-serving bias, attribution, fundamental attribution, locus of causation) using as much relevant information about a person's behavior as possible>.

1. self serving bias 2. fundamental attribution 3. locus of causation

what are the 4 steps for effective self-presentation (used to make good first impressions)

1. setting a goal, 2. creating a strategy, (needs verbal and non verbal messages) 3.executing the strategy and evaluating the results 4. modifying others' negative perceptions.

riteria of all media that we should assess when selecting the right one for our communication needs:

1. the medium's capacity for instant feedback 2. The medium's capacity for communicating multiple cues 3. The medium's capacity for transmitting natural language 4. The medium's capacity to express personality and emotion

Who introduced the term culture

1800s by British anthropologist Edward B. Tylor, who traveled extensively as a restorative therapy after suffering with tuberculosis. His experiences stimulated a lifetime of curiosity about the nature of different groups and cultures and how they relate to form functioning societies. Unlike most scholars of his time (and the hundred or so years that followed), Tylor focused on similarities that unify cultures, emphasizing a so-called global mind, with individuals differentiating themselves by virtue of education.

Forced dichotomy:

A forced dichotomy occurs when a speaker presents only two solutions to a problem, ignoring other solutions either purposefully or out of ignorance. Often, the undesirability of one of the solutions supports the speaker's argument in favor of the other solution. For example, a city council member who favors cutting education funding might present the following argument, "Either we cut funding for education and social programs, or the city will go bankrupt." The council member has excluded other options, such as increasing taxes or reducing spending in other areas, in order to persuade the audience that education funding must be cut to prevent bankruptcy.

Define Monroe's Motivated Sequence

A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action. a method of structuring and presenting ideas using time-tested and research validated logic for persuading audiences in educational, business, and sales situations onroe's Motivated Sequence therefore requires you to refrain from giving any hint of whatever it is that you are advocating until a very specific point in the speech (Step 3). This allows you to capture the audience's attention and spell out a series of problems or needs that will arouse within your listeners a desire to make a change. In this way, when you follow it accurately, the structure anticipates and reduces the likelihood of audience resistance. Consider the distinction: a need is a deficit of something (i.e. blood shortage in our blood banks); a problem is too much of something (i.e. fatty foods in our diets).

Good stories have the following characteristics:

A topic of interest and significance to your audience. A storyline, or plot, that takes place over a period of time, reflecting that most human situations are complex and detailed. Elements that make the story concrete, vivid, and memorable; can occur as a result of its content, the language the speaker uses, or the way it is told. An appropriate setting; comes to life through the vivid detail the storyteller provides. A beginning, a middle, and an end. A conflict or dilemma that climaxes at some point and then is usually resolved, with a resolution that listeners could realistically implement

Arjun is beginning to search for a job and is in the midst of interviewing. What should Arjun keep in mind as he prepares for his interviews? How can he successfully communicate in his interviews? Indicate whether the following would be (yes) or would not be (no) appropriate actions taken by Arjun that would result in effective communication. He should try to understand and predict the needs and responses of the interviewer/s. A. Yes b. No

A. Yes

Appeal to misplaced authority:

An appeal to misplaced authority relies on the reputation of an expert in an unrelated field. Advertisements featuring celebrity endorsements commit this fallacy when the spokesperson's expertise has nothing to do with the product. Although LeBron James would be a valid authority on basketball shoes, an advertisement in which he touts the benefits of a particular brand of headphones would be a fallacious appeal.

Define the element of selection known as selective perception

As an ongoing way of selecting and filtering messages further, we begin to apply our own unique experiences to the message in an element of selection known as selective perception—our inclination to see, hear, and believe what we want to see, hear, and believe.

Explain the meaning of "We Live in a Diverse World Where Intercultural Understanding Can Be Difficult"

As technology connects us with people that we may not have known previously, or people whom we had once spoken with just a few times a year because of the cost of long-distance phoning and the inconvenience of letter-writing, we perceive that the world is becoming a true global village. Although digital media make it convenient to communicate with people across the country and around the globe, these media do not always make our communication easy or effective. Interaction becomes challenging when we discover that the individuals we are connecting with are very different than we are. From how we manage time to what native language we speak, communication is challenging when we do not share the same values and traditions.

Lorelei and Thomas have been best friends since they were in grade school and are in a new phase of their relationship now that they are both attending different colleges apart from one another. Lorelei has always prided herself on the fact that she's "had Thomas's back," always, no matter what he has been through. From terrible parenting to angry ex-girlfriends, to bullies, to Thomas having been cheated out of almost every opportunity—Lorelei has listened to him and supported his feelings. The more they communicate remotely via email, chat, and phone, the more perspective Lorelei has gotten on Thomas as a messenger, as well as the various contexts in which he complains or insists that he has been made a victim in some way. As she listens to him, Lorelei recognizes that Thomas seems incapable of understanding anyone's point of view as he feels threatened or slighted. In addition, he seems incapable of taking personal responsibility for failures in his life, nor does he give credit to anyone but himself when he experiences success. What two critical listening strategies has Lorelei engaged with? Assessing the context and considering messenger credibility Considering the messenger's idea

Assessing the context and considering messenger credibility

What does nonverbal communication include

Body language, physical behaviors or body movements such as gestures, eye contact, smiling, and posture; choice of attire, hairstyle, and body adornments such as makeup, jewelry, and piercings; the ways in which communicators use and manage time; and nonword vocalizations, including inflections and tone, and sounds such as "ummm" and "ahhh."

While we are inherently social, or communicative, we also have a fundamental desire to make meaning out of, or organize, our perceptions. You walk into class and see an acquaintance sitting next to an empty seat. When she makes eye contact, the principle of (Similarity, Closure, Proximity) tells you that she will likely offer you the seat. You see two people sitting close together and holding hands. Organizing these stimuli by (Closure Proximity Similarity) you are able to assume that they are in a romantic relationship. When you find yourself at a party where you know no one, you may use the principle of -(Proximity,Similarity,ClosureSimilarity) to seek those with whom you have the most in common.

Closure, proximity, similarity

Explain why context matters:

Context matters because inherent in any setting are prescribed, or normative, roles and rules.

When we communicate successfully and stimulate meanings in the minds of others, we achieve: a. Understanding b. Persuasion c. Agreement d. Compromise

a. understanding The basic purpose of communication is to achieve understanding between individuals.

Fill in the blanks: Tony has an appointment with a new doctor. He has been to medical appointments before, so the ______________(context, role, rule) of communication is familiar to him. Tony may not know his doctor personally but still discusses his personal health, because his doctor assumes the_________________ (context, role, rule) of a professional healthcare expert. As a patient, Tony can trust that conversations with his doctor will remain private because of the ____________ (contexts, roles, rules) regarding doctor-patient confidentiality.

Context, role, and rules

Explain The linear model of communication Phase 1

Deciding on the message: Sender selects the ideas he/she wishes to convey to the receiver

Explain decoding:

Decoding is the opposite of encoding (the activity that the sender engaged in at the beginning of the exchange). The receiver translates the symbols (words, sounds, and gestures) perceived into thoughts and feelings.

Explain The linear model of communication Phase 5

Decoding the message Receiver assigns meaning to words/sounds and or gestures being communicated

four unique types of persuasive presentations:

Definitional Factual Policy Value

preoccupation or psychological noise

Distractions due to one over-focusing on a single task, thought or message that inhibits effective listening ex: tuning out messages while studying for an exam or preparing for a briefing ex: becoming preoccupied with your own thoughts being excessively self involved on your own needs/interests

What is "baggage" that communicators can bring to interaction?

Emotions, past experiences, relational history, and fears make the process of planning for, engaging in, and evaluating communication very challenging.

Explain The linear model of communication Phase 2

Encoding the message Sender translates the message by assigning his/her thoughts and feelings to words, sounds, and or gestures

examples of new media include

Examples of media that meet these criteria include the Internet, online gaming, email, instant messaging, and mobile phones.

What does this mean? Our previous interactions with one another influence our present communication.

Have you ever heard the saying, "What has been said cannot be unsaid"? What people say during an interaction is highly dependent on any communication history they may have. For example, if you have experienced a recurring conflict in a relationship, then you know the power that disagreement has on future communication, even when the problem has seemingly been resolved. We may become tense and anxious when the topic comes up, because we expect that the discussion may turn into an argument, as it has in the past. We then become defensive or shut down the interaction. Previous communication experiences with a specific person, or in a specific situation, may also reveal effective or useful approaches that can be used again. What has happened in the past, positively or negatively, significantly affects how we make sense of present interactions.

Linear model of communication - put in order 1. professor conveys his message 2. student turns attention to professor when he is speaking 3.Professor assigns words and gestures to his ideas 4.Professor considers what idea he wants to convey 5.student translates message into thoughts, ideas, and feelings

IN ORDER: 1. .Professor considers what idea he wants to convey 2. .Professor assigns words and gestures to his ideas 3. professor conveys his message 4. student turns attention to professor when he is speaking 5. .student translates message into thoughts, ideas, and feelings

What is technostress

It is a communication overload stemmed from constant connection to others through smartphones, the Internet, and social This causes people to become unable to process and competently respond to all of the messages the are exposed to.

Post hoc ergo propter hoc:

Latin for "after, therefore because of," this fallacy occurs when one event that precedes a second event is assumed to have caused the second event. This fallacy resembles superstition. F For example, when a group of basketball fans believe that they caused their team to win by sitting in a specific arrangement while watching the game, their reasoning employs a post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy. They sat in a particular arrangement and then the team won, so clearly their seating arrangement was responsible for the win.

What are the 3 personal barriers to competent listening

Multi-tasking and preoccupation (leads to preoccupation/Psychological noise bias and judgement (ex: strongly held beliefs, co-cultures, religion, status, negativity to sounds (foreign accents), negatively charged/emotionally laden language (person saying a sexual/ethnic slur) Passivity (pseudolistening) - (leads to receiving messages mindlessly with no concern for the topic due to boredom, interest, or tiredness)

Your level of knowledge can influence your perceptions as well. For example, people with more information and education about their health care will process new health care information differently than those who are less educated about their health. Which of the following best describes this type of influencing factor? a Biological Factor b. Current State Factor c. Identity Factor d. Past Experiences Factor

Past Experiences Factor Remember the memorable messages that your parents gave you about the importance of being successful in college? How have they had an impact on the way you view your education and the choices that you make? This influence on your perception of education is a personal experience factor.

Explain: "The channel we use affects the process and outcome of communication"

People communicate differently based on the channel being used. For example, you may be much more formal in your written communication than in your verbal interactions. You may feel more comfortable expressing opinions in mediated contexts, such as email, microblogs, or social network sites, than you would otherwise, using face-to-face communication. the medium selected for communication shapes the very nature of human association

Explain The linear model of communication phase 4

Perceiving the message Reciever detects that information is being communicated and classifies it based on his/her own knowledge and experience

Your university will be sponsoring a speech that addresses how every American citizen should be required to have a background check and undergo training before owning any type of firearm. What type of speech will this be? a A definitional speech b A policy speech c A value speech d A factual speech

b A policy speech

Phases of the linear model of communication (hint: there's 5)

Phase 1: Deciding on the message. A sender selects a message to send to a receiver (or receivers) in order to achieve a desired outcome. The sender is also referred to as the source of the message. Phase 2: Encoding the message.Encoding refers to a psychological process in which the sender of a message assigns symbols, such as words, sounds, or gestures, to his or her thoughts and feelings. Competent communicators are able to translate their ideas into communication symbols appropriate for the message and the receiver. Phase 3: Transmitting the message. A message is "sent" from sender to receiver, using a particular channel that is selected by the sender. The channel is the medium that carries the message, such as email, telephone, face-to-face communication, or a written document. (We will discuss how to select the most appropriate channels for communication at various points in this course.) Phase 4: Perceiving the message. When a receiver detects that a message has been sent, he or she attends to it and perceives it in some fashion. Phase 5: Decoding and assigning meaning to the message. When a receiver assigns meaning to the message that has been communicated, he or she is engaging in a psychological process known as decoding. Decoding is the opposite of encoding (the activity that the sender engaged in at the beginning of the exchange). The receiver translates the symbols (words, sounds, and gestures) perceived into thoughts and feelings.

what is a two-sided message with refutation

Present both sides of the issue, but refute the validity, accuracy, or defensibility of the opposing side

As long as two people are available to read and respond to messages immediately, the communication remains

Synchronous communication

Explain the meaning of "We May Over-Rely on Digitally Mediated Communication"

Text messaging and other types of digitally mediated communication are a way of life for many people—especially those considered part of the Millennial generation (people born during the 1980s or 1990s).Some people disagree that communication technology really connects us in substantive ways. Sherry Turkle argues: She argues that as we confine our communication to what we can comfortably text or tweet, we may be dispensing with conversation and even meaningful relationships. In other words, we argue by text, we break up by text, and we use technology to transmit critical work-related information that may require more personal and timely feedback and clarification. pervasiveness of communication technology may be stressing us out. Digital communication through media such as text messaging, online social networking, email, microblogs, Skype®, FaceTime, and more, is creating a greater incidence of stress and burnout among technology users (Rutkowski & Saunders, 2010). Constant connection to others through smartphones, the Internet, and social media can easily result in a state of communication overload, where we are simply unable to process and competently respond to all of the messages we are exposed to. Some authors refer to this condition as "technostress" and note that it negatively affects our productivity, efficiency, and even our mental and physical health

How quickly do you need your message to reach its intended receiver? Email may not be a good choice for urgent messages, especially when you know that your receiver does not access email away from a computer

Texting or a phone call might be better choices.

Where did Ethos, Pathos, and Logos come from?

The Greek philosopher Aristotle's best-known works, Rhetoric, has had a profound influence on the study and practice of effective, informative, and persuasive discourse. In Rhetoric, Aristotle advanced many ideas about great speech, but the core of this work focused on three means of influencing others through the spoken word: ethos, pathos, and logos

What is a channel?

The channel is the medium that carries the message, such as email, telephone, face-to-face communication, or a written document.

define power distance

The emphasis that a group places on status, rank, and power influences the communication patterns and styles of that group.

What was was the first unified conceptualization of communication and helps to introduce the basic elements common to any communication interaction

The linear model

connotative meaning of a word

The meaning of the word as it is used in the sentence

Describe the relationship between self-talk and communication and provide an example. Submit and Compare, displayed below

The messages that we tell ourselves influence how we interact with others; negative self-talk (messages) likely leads to negative or ineffective interactions (communication) with others. For example, if I tell myself that I cannot get along with Mary, it's likely my interaction with Mary will reflect this negative assumption.

Describe why the transactional model is more realistic than the linear model of communication.

The transactional model specifically considers communication as dependent on many factors such as context, relationship between communicators, socio-cultural situation, and the simultaneous communications of both individuals. It does not see communication as simple or moving in one direction, but rather acknowledges the reality that effective communication will always have to overcome multiple challenges.

Explain "The nature of the relationship between communicators should and does influence our communication behavior"

The type of relationship that you share with your communication partner(s) matters. Whether you are strangers, acquaintances, or intimates will influence how you package and deliver the content of your message, and how it is received and transmitted.

Explain The linear model of communication Phase 3

Transmitting the message The act of delivering the message through speech, writing, and other channels

What does this mean? Communicators are simultaneously encoding and decoding messages at all times during an interaction.

Using our previous experiences, knowledge, expectations, and biases, we often begin to decode a message before a sender is through encoding and transmitting it. For example, Rich's father has lectured him for years about the importance of a budget. So, Rich was understandably nervous about asking his father for a loan and annoyed, too, as he anticipated the lecture he was about to receive from his dad.

Define high-context communication

When communicators rely heavily on environmental cues, and, as a result, implicitly understand what is being communicated

define low-context orientation

When communicators require explicit or clear verbal messages to understand a message,

Straw person:

When refuting an argument that has been made, it is far easier to defeat a weaker form of that argument than it is to engage with the real reasoning present in the argument. When someone presents a weak version of an argument in order to refute it and claim victory, it is as though they knock down a straw person rather than a real person. Consider a partner who argues that his or her significant other should help fold a load of laundry. A response like, "What, you'd have me spend my whole day folding laundry? I'd have to miss work and I'd get fired!" would exemplify a straw person fallacy. Although it would be easy to argue against a whole day of doing laundry, that is not what the original argument proposes. Refuting a weaker form of an argument is a straw person fallacy.

define self serving bias

When we are successful, we attribute our successes to some internal positive qualities—intelligence, charm, knowledge of current events or popular culture, persuasiveness, or competent communication. However, when we fail, we blame the situation: "My boss did not give me enough notice"; "The project was too expensive to carry out"; or "I could not get along with her, because she is too argumentative." To better understand the self-serving bias, consider the attributions you make about your successes and challenges in your college coursework. Researchers have found evidence that students tend to "own" or take responsibility for their successes (e.g., "I studied really hard"; "I am a good student"; "I have a strong work ethic"; or "I am highly motivated"). Yet, they tend to place blame on their instructor and situational factors for problematic performance in school (e.g., "Her lectures are very difficult to follow"; "The test was unfair"; or "I was working 40-hour weeks that semester") (Kearney, Plax, & Burroughs, 1991).

When do we achieve understanding in communication?

When we communicate successfully, that is to stimulate the meanings we intend in the minds of others, we achieve understanding.

abstract words

Words that represent an idea, quality or relationship. That girl is cute. All in the eye of the beholder. words with tangible meanings

Which verbal citation would be the MOST effective way to attribute a source and help the audience understand what you are trying to say? a . According to the March 20, 2014 issue of Newsweek, President George Walker Bush, the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009, was the most popular president since 1905. b. According to the March 20, 2014 issue of a national magazine, President George Walker Bush, the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009, was the most popular president. c. According to Newsweek, President Bush was the most popular president. d. According to a popular national magazine, George was the best president.

a . According to the March 20, 2014 issue of Newsweek, President George Walker Bush, the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009, was the most popular president since 1905.

Which of the following is NOT an example of Monroe's Motivated Sequence in Ema's presentation? a Although the outcomes are unclear, we invite you to consider partnering with us. b What would you say if I told you that a doctor's empathetic communication skills was the number one factor in determining patient satisfaction? c We can act in partnership with your consultants to ensure that they are training your staff in the skills of ethical interpersonal communication. d Over 70 percent of patients, in a recent survey, stated that their doctor could have communicated with them in a more compassionate manner.

a Although the outcomes are unclear, we invite you to consider partnering with us.

Ema notices that the local business leaders in her audience are showing support through various nonverbal cues. She wants to take this opportunity to strengthen and reinforce their support. Ema's goal with her business leader audience is to get them on board with pledging financial support. What is her best course of action? a Asking them to pledge some financial support before leaving b Reminding them of the visions and values they share, and asking for small changes c Explaining why getting involved in nonprofit work was meaningful to her d Emphasizing that she cross-referenced and checked her facts with multiple sources

a Asking them to pledge some financial support before leaving

"I have pledged myself and my colleagues in the cabinet to a continuous encouragement of initiative, responsibility and energy in serving the public interest. Let every public servant know, whether his post is high or low, that a man's rank and reputation in this Administration will be determined by the size of the job he does, and not by the size of his staff, his office or his budget. Let it be clear that this Administration recognizes the value of dissent and daring—that we greet healthy controversy as the hallmark of healthy change. Let the public service be a proud and lively career. And let every man and woman who works in any area of our national government, in any branch, at any level, be able to say with pride and with honor in future years: 'I served the United States Government in that hour of our nation's need.'" [John F. Kennedy, State of the Union Message, January 30, 1961] a Ethos b Logos c Pathos

a Ethos

Prior to the 1980s, the dangers associated with sun exposure were relatively unknown. By the 1990s, there was clear evidence that prolonged exposure to the sun could damage people's skin and affect their health. Medical professionals warned that people should alter their sun exposure habits, but those warnings went unheeded. What crucial step in the Monroe Motivated Sequence is missing in this scenario? a Identify a problem that is realistic and relevant. b Propose a solution that satisfies the problem. c Capture the audience's attention. d Identify a problem that is solvable.

a Identify a problem that is realistic and relevant.

Mark Turner, professor of cognitive science at Case Western Reserve University, suggests that the brain is wired to respond to stories. In his book The Literary Mind (1996), he discusses research that supports the importance of stories for learning and making sense of experiences and information, which, if shared in a different format, might seem overwhelming and complex. In other words, we remember a good story—one that presents a dilemma and a resolution, one that is funny or suspenseful, one that has characters or experiences to which we can relate. A technical report, a list, or a bunch of data and statistics can be fairly forgettable. The secret to successful speaking, then, is to learn how to develop a substantive presentation (which includes necessary data and technical facts), and convey that substance in an engaging story format. What does the research described above suggest is an effect of using storytelling? a It helps an audience remember information better. b It causes an audience to be more accepting of ideas that are different from their own. c It provides the audience with a necessary level of "comic relief." d It makes it more likely that the audience will act upon what they have heard.

a It helps an audience remember information better.

You intend to give a speech that encourages students in your class to use social media as a means of promoting themselves to potential employers after graduation. Would this be an informative or persuasive type of speech? a Persuasive b Informative

a Persuasive In this case, your goal is not to inform your audience, but rather to persuade them of what they "should" do.

hat is credible evidence, in the context of an audience-tailored presentation? a That which your specific audience will appreciate b That which supports the status quo c Everything except anecdotal evidence d Only that which is backed by the scientific method

a That which your specific audience will appreciate

When determining whether to integrate media into a presentation, what are the most important aspects a presenter should consider? a The topic, context, speaker, and audience b The allotted time and purpose of the presentation c The presenter's skill level with media integration and the audience's expectations

a The topic, context, speaker, and audience

"And so, my fellow Americans: Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world: Ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man." This speech was delivered in January 1961 as John F. Kennedy took the oath of office as the 35th president of the United States. Which of the following BEST represents the purpose of this speech? a To persuade Americans that there was a new era in the United States and a new frontier where all Americans could unite together with their country b To persuade Americans to follow Kennedy as he takes over as president c To inform Americans that as of 1961, America will unite to fight for the freedom of man d To inform Americans that Kennedy was the new U.S. president

a To persuade Americans that there was a new era in the United States and a new frontier where all Americans could unite together with their country

Based on psychological reactance theory, why do people resist change? d When people are encouraged to change, they are likely to remember the last time they changed an opinion. a When people are encouraged to change, they may feel that it threatens their freedom. b When people are encouraged to change, they react based on emotion rather than reason. c When people are encouraged to change, they transfer any negative feelings to someone else.

a When people are encouraged to change, they may feel that it threatens their freedom.

Ned and Noah have been dating for one year. Both were emotionally hurt in previous relationships, but they have created a healthy romantic relationship with one another. Even so, they sometimes react defensively because a present behavior might remind them of their past partners. This is an example of _________________ shaping the dialectics of a relationship. a a response to past relational experiences b a response to a current situation c an underlying fear of abandonment d a secret desire to return to a past partner

a a response to past relational experiences

David was watching a TV news program with his friend Marni. After a story about immigration, David could tell that Marni had something to say. Based on their past conversations, David knew that he and his friend disagree when it comes to politics. With this in mind, he groaned and rolled his eyes before Marni even finished explaining to him why she thinks the Obama administration has failed to control illegal immigration. When Marni noticed David's reaction, she stopped in mid-sentence and threw her hands up in frustration. Which of the following are true of David and Marni's interaction? Choose two of the following choices. a. David and Marni are simultaneously encoding and decoding each other's messages. b. The interaction is one-way; Marni is the sender and David is the receiver. c. David gives Marni feedback, which she uses to alter her message.

a and c

Define organization

a communicator's efforts to group information into meaningful units to make further sense out of the information.

define A medium

a device that moves messages over distance or through time so that people who are not face-to-face can communicate.

Which of the following shows a difference between the denotative and connotative meanings of a word? a. "Muggle" is a word that has no real meaning except for people familiar with the Harry Potter world where it describes a person who is not magical. b. "Glamour" meant confusion caused by enchantment or witchcraft but now means beauty and allure. c. "Elder" is a person of advanced age (respect your elders) but also describes the relationship between someone who is older than someone else (an elder brother).

a. "Muggle" is a word that has no real meaning except for people familiar with the Harry Potter world where it describes a person who is not magical.

1 Atheism is an indefensible rejection of deities. 2 Injecting cosmetic fillers into your face is dangerous. 3 Contemporary cinema includes too much explicit drug use. these persuasion topics are all examples of influencing a. attitude b. beliefs c. behavior

b. beliefs

euphimism

a mild or indirect (polite) word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing. polite and pleasant expression designed to substitute for a term that the sender believes lacks social acceptability.

The transactional model of communication offers:

a more complete and realistic portrait of the complexities of human communication than the linear model does. highlights the factors that influence the human communication process and make this process both rewarding and challenging.

Drag and drop each linear framework to match it with the correct example. Maude speaks to a group of realtors on the need to be safe. She begins by describing two recent incidents of assault on realtors in the area. She then continues by describing ways in which realtors can protect themselves when showing houses to clients. a problem solution b topical c cause and effect d. chronological

a problem solution This is considered a problem-solution speech because it opens with a discussion of a problem or need, followed by a description of several specific, viable solutions for the audience to evaluate.

Define listening

a process of recieving, assigning meaning to, and responding to messages

Mel is developing a list of features to consider when planning an appropriate speech for a new hospital's groundbreaking ceremony. The speech is scheduled to take place outside at 11am, so Mel has decided against using projected images or slides. Mel MOST likely decided against using projected images while considering which of the following features? a, The lighting b. The audience size c. The acoustics d. The expected temperature

a, The lighting

Margot doesn't give much thought to how she approaches her course; she just goes to a unit, tries a few activities, then does the Checkpoint quiz. Sometimes she does well, sometimes she doesn't. She's really not sure how she'll do on the final exam. Margot has not: (multiple answers) a. assessed the task. b. evaluated her own strengths and weaknesses. c. planned a strategy for working through the course. d. monitored her own performance. e. adjusted her approach.

a,b,c, and e

In order to build and strengthen your communication skills, you must: a. Analyze and reflect on any feedback or outcome of your past interactions with others. b. Make sure you are motivated to communicate with others. c. Always seek out arguments to have with people, even if you do not care about the issue. d. Make sure that you have the attention of the person you are communicating with.

a. Analyze and reflect on any feedback or outcome of your past interactions with others. Analyzing and reflecting on any feedback or outcome of your past interactions with others helps build your communication skills.

Which statement does NOT accurately describe synchronous communication? a. As long as two people are eventually available to read and respond to messages at some point, the communication remains synchronous. b. In synchronous communication, communicators can get instant feedback. c. Synchronous communicators can immediately confirm that messages are being received and understood. d. Texting and instant messaging allow for synchronous communication because they involve instant replies and real-time interaction.

a. As long as two people are eventually available to read and respond to messages at some point, the communication remains synchronous.

While listening to the speaker in her public speaking class, Julianna found it difficult to accept the supportive position the speaker was taking on the latest chain grocery story being built because Julianna works for the local grower's market. a. Bias b. Passivity c. Preoccupation

a. Bias

Which of the following criteria can be met when leaving someone a voicemail? a. Capacity for communicating multiple cues b. Capacity for instant feedback

a. Capacity for communicating multiple cues

Sarah needs to inform her team members of a new project that they will be working on. She anticipates that they may have many questions about process and elements of the project. Which of the following criteria is most important for Sarah to consider when choosing the appropriate medium? a. Capacity for instant feedback b. Capacity for communicating multiple cues c. Capacity for a personal focus

a. Capacity for instant feedback

Chema is going to begin his speech with the sound of a book closing and he will chant "hear ye, hear ye, hear ye". What element of an introduction is Chema using? a. Capturing the audience's attention b. Presenting the first part of the speech in a unique voice. c. A strong connection to the audience. d. Reaching out to the audience on a personal level.

a. Capturing the audience's attention

Which of the following terms best describes a culture whose members value their membership and place a great importance on their group? a. Collectivism b.High power distance c. Individualism d. Low context

a. Collectivism

During the first week of the fall semester, Josephine is assigned an oral presentation on how she spent her summer vacation. She talks about her experience as a camp counselor in a way that keeps her classmates interested and engaged. a. Communicate new information b Further existing knowledge c. Update outdated information

a. Communicate new information

Craig and Shay each gave a presentation. Craig gave a speech in which he urged listeners to use sunscreen, wear hats, and avoid sun exposure during peak, dangerous afternoon hours. He argued that health and safety were more important than the vanity of having a suntan. Shay's presentation was meant to educate her audience about different health insurance plans. Although Shay did not recommend a specific health insurance plan, some of her audience members chose a particular health insurance plan as a result of the information she provided. Which of the following is true about these two presentations? a. Craig's presentation is persuasive, while Shay's is informative. b. Both Craig's and Shay's presentations are informational. c. Both Craig's and Shay's presentations are persuasive. . Only Shay's presentation is a persuasive presentation.

a. Craig's presentation is persuasive, while Shay's is informative.

Which of the following best describes culture? a. Culture reflects one's values, beliefs, lifestyles, preferences, rules, and behavior patterns. b. Culture is associated with one's biology. c. Cultural behaviors are not shared. These behaviors are individualistic.

a. Culture reflects one's values, beliefs, lifestyles, preferences, rules, and behavior patterns.

"The government should do as little as possible to influence the structure of the economy. Remember that Thoreau said, 'That government is best which governs least.' We should follow that principle at all times." Which type of reasoning is the speaker of this quote using? a. Deductive b. Inductive

a. Deductive Even though the claim of the argument comes first, the reasoning still proceeds from a general or universal principle to a specific instance

You recently interviewed candidates for an entry-level position within your company. Which of the following would be considered an appropriate follow-up interaction from the candidates? a. E-mail or phone call b. Text message c. Facebook friend request

a. E-mail or phone call

Which of the following cultural behaviors may help James better understand Miriam and her work ethic? a. Germans tend to be very formal in their business dealings; humor and emotions are often seen as unprofessional. b. German offices place much more importance on the printed word; spoken agreements and decisions are usually put on paper. c. Being on time and prepared for meetings and professional engagements is very important in the German culture. d. Reports and projects are expected to be planned well in advance and thoroughly researched.

a. Germans tend to be very formal in their business dealings; humor and emotions are often seen as unprofessional.

Which of the following is a true statement about the dimensions of culture? a. People of monochronic cultures tend to like doing one thing at a time. b. Polychronic people tend to like working on multiple things at one time. c. Members of individualistic cultures take care of one another, avoid competition with other group members, and collaborate with respect and deference. d. In high power distance cultures, people tend to communicate in ways that promote equality and diminish the barriers of status and rank.

a. People of monochronic cultures tend to like doing one thing at a time.

Based on her belief that she is failing to succeed in college and her avoidance of most social situations, Joanna _________. a. suffers from low self-esteem. b. does not have a strong self-concept. c. believes that being social is the reason she is not doing well at college. d. believes that her anxiety problem will self-correct with time.

a. suffers from low self-esteem.

In his marketing class, Sebastian gave an instructional presentation on the latest job search techniques. In his presentation, he shared both new information and updated information for his audience. For example, thanks to an audience analysis, he knew that a percentage of his listeners had never had a job, so some of his information was geared toward those individuals. Yet he also discussed how the process of job hunting had changed in the past decade. He provided data and stories supporting the importance of using social media, such as LinkedIn, Twitter, and even YouTube, for networking. As a result of his interactive style, Sebastian was able to elicit even more interesting stories from his audience that supported his points. For instance, one student told the class that an employer who had found a class presentation she uploaded to YouTube for her instructor, contacted her for an interview. Which of the following was crucial to the success of Sebastian's informative presentation? a. He chose an interactive style and included his audience. b. He was sure to organize his presentation as a lecture. c. He mentioned popular sites such as LinkedIn and Twitter. d. He included specific data as evidence in his speech.

a. He chose an interactive style and included his audience.

In the Vietnamese American culture, disagreeing with a person in an authoritative position is not acceptable. Does this describe high power or low power distance? a. High Power Distance b. Low Power Distance

a. High Power Distance

An argument that builds upon specific examples to support a general claim utilizes which type of reasoning? a. Inductive d. Deductive

a. Inductive

Which of the following is a defining feature of synchronous communication? a. Instant feedback and real-time interaction b. Phone calls and instant messaging c. A high-speed internet connection d. Use of traditional media

a. Instant feedback and real-time interaction

Joanna is suffering from increasing anxiety that is beginning to affect her course work and social life. She believes that her problem is caused by her inability to adjust to college life, and she doesn't want anyone to see her when she feels anxious. Radhika, Joanna's friend from her media studies class, has begun to notice that Joanna is uncomfortable when interacting with other students in the class. Having overcome an anxiety disorder herself, Radhika believes that Joanna's anxiety comes from being in public places and being social. Radhika just wants to try to help her friend. Question 1 Why is a sense of self important for effective communication? a. It shows us that the "self" is a perception that we constantly work to create and that affects how we relate to others. b. It shows us that there is no such thing as a true self. c. It tells us that individuals only care about themselves when they communicate. d. It shows us that we are born with a certain self that we can never change.

a. It shows us that the "self" is a perception that we constantly work to create and that affects how we relate to others.

Jose is getting sick of finding dirty dishes in the sink every morning, so he decides to raise the issue with his roommate, Steve. Jose confronts Steve directly and demands that he immediately start cleaning up after himself. This conversation does not go well and quickly turns into an argument. Jose did not intend to upset Steve, whom he considers a friend. He also understands that as long as Steve is angry, the dirty dishes will likely remain a problem. What should Jose do? a. Jose should be more accommodating when talking to Steve about the dirty dishes in order to reach a productive solution. b. Jose should wait a few days, then remind Steve about the dishes. c. Jose should be more direct with Steve and just tell him that he needs to clean up after himself.

a. Jose should be more accommodating when talking to Steve about the dirty dishes in order to reach a productive solution. In changing his approach this way, Jose is recognizing Steve in the communication process.

Which of the following scenarios describes an individualism-oriented family? a. Members of a family move away from home when they turn 18, decreasing dependence on their parents by financially supporting themselves. b. Many children are expected to take care of younger siblings, respect their elders, contribute to family chores, and not embarrass the family by drawing attention to themselves. c. In many families, control of important decisions remains with the parents or grandparents until the child reaches adulthood or marries and moves away from the family.

a. Members of a family move away from home when they turn 18, decreasing dependence on their parents by financially supporting themselves.

Which of the following statements about Internet use is NOT correct? a. Most people do not use the Internet today. b. People use the Internet for blogging. c. People use the Internet for entertainment and social networking. d. People use the Internet for communicating.

a. Most people do not use the Internet today.

Nnedi is home from college visiting her parents and grandparents for a holiday weekend. At Thanksgiving dinner she tells her family about her classes at school including a communications course. Later in the evening she tells an off-color joke. This upsets her grandmother. What part of competent communication is she not practicing? a. Nnedi has not been able to sense what is appropriate in her situation. b. Nnedi is not properly motivated to communicate with her family. c. Nnedi is not taking steps to improve her communications skills.

a. Nnedi has not been able to sense what is appropriate in her situation. Nnedi did not understand the norms and expectations of the people with whom she was communicating.

Which of the following are you MOST trying to avoid by critically listening to and thinking about communication? a. Passively taking in messages that don't impact or interest us b. Being persuaded to do something you don't want to do c. Supporting the messages of simplistic advertisements d. Supporting the messages of unethical politicians

a. Passively taking in messages that don't impact or interest us

"I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest—quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed." [I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King Jr. August 28th, 1963] a. Pathos b Logos c Ethos

a. Pathos

Which scenario below BEST illustrates Knapp's concept of the "relationship audition"? a. Peter and Fritz are new friends. Peter is not sure he wants to continue the friendship, so he begins to exchange with Fritz small pieces of information about himself, hoping to hear more about Fritz. b. Zoie and Alton have been friends for years. They know each other probably better than anyone else—maybe even better than they know themselves. c. Professor Edson and her students are taking an educational trip to Europe. They will all get to know each other along the way. d. Rasheen and Clarke are roommates. It makes sense to them because they grew up together and attend the same college. e. Brian and Bruce are brothers. They do not live in the same state, but they are very close by way of texting and instant messaging.

a. Peter and Fritz are new friends. Peter is not sure he wants to continue the friendship, so he begins to exchange with Fritz small pieces of information about himself, hoping to hear more about Fritz

Which of the following does NOT illustrate role-taking? a. Ricky updates his Facebook status with pictures of the brand-name clothes he just bought without considering that some of his friends have been recently laid off. b. Toni asks her friend Patty questions about her workouts, because she knows that Patty is passionate about exercise and fitness. c. Tim emphasizes the user-friendliness of his company's products after learning how easily frustrated his sales prospect becomes with complicated equipment.

a. Ricky updates his Facebook status with pictures of the brand-name clothes he just bought without considering that some of his friends have been recently laid off.

Jesse and his roommate get into a discussion about their differing political beliefs. If Jesse is both inclined while talking to believe that everything he tells his roommate is right and also, afterward, is inclined to only recall his own points when his roommate agreed with him, Jesse is experiencing which principles of selection? a. Selective perception and selective recall b. Selective exposure and selective recall c. Selective attention and selective perception

a. Selective perception and selective recall

Making evaluations about yourself is known as a. Self-esteem b. Self-concept

a. Self-esteem

Only one of the actions below can move information from the blind, hidden, and unknown areas. Which of the following actions expands the open area AND shrinks the other three? a. Shared discovery b. Self-discovery c. Feedback d. Self-disclosure

a. Shared discovery

Rosario has recently moved to a new city and school. She is having difficulty making friends, going out, or being social. Before the move, Rosario was accustomed to having a large circle of friends and an active social life. Rosario thinks it is productive to think about what kind of person she is based on her past friendships and relationships. If she reflects on her old life and her old friends in order to determine how to present herself to new acquaintances, what is she doing? a. She is exploring self-concept to see how it influences her relationships. b. She is creating an entirely new self-concept. c. She is questioning her existing self-concept because of low self-esteem.

a. She is exploring self-concept to see how it influences her relationships.

Shareka has prepared her speech that she is delivering today. On the way to the speaking engagement, she loses two of her note cards - the two cards that include her speech ending. Shareka does not have her speech memorized. What is the best plan for her? a. She should ask for a few minutes to prepare before her presentation so she can re-create her note cards. b. She should fill in the ending when she gets to that part during her presentation. c. She should ask someone else to prepare her ending and hand it to her during her presentation. d. She should end her speech with a simple: "and that concludes my speech"

a. She should ask for a few minutes to prepare before her presentation so she can re-create her note cards.

Shelley prefers synchronous forms of communication, such as phone calls, and does not use social media. Shelley has noticed that contact with her network of friends has decreased because they prefer to communicate via text message or Facebook. Which of the following should Shelley do in order to maintain contact? a. Shelley should consider adding a text message option to her cellular phone plan or join social media. b. Shelley should join Instagram and invite her friends to join as well. c. Shelley should continue to attempt interacting with her friends in her preferred medium, telephone or face-to-face meetings.

a. Shelley should consider adding a text message option to her cellular phone plan or join social media.

Which of the following is NOT a traditional form of communication? a. Text message b. Phone call c. Face-to-face meeting

a. Text message

Which of the following statements about digital media is NOT correct? a. The complexities surrounding digital media are confined to our social and romantic interests. b. Not everyone can grasp the complexities of digital media. c. Some people believe that digital communication is extremely ambiguous. d. New media are ubiquitous, helpful, and problematic at work.

a. The complexities surrounding digital media are confined to our social and romantic interests

Which model of communication illustrates that, while not speaking out loud, Parker is still actively engaged in communicating messages? a. The transactional model of communication b. The linear model of communication

a. The transactional model of communication This model accounts for body language, gestures, and other nonverbal feedback.

Which of the following provides the most accurate definition of identity? a. The ways in which you express your cultural and group affiliations. b. The person in your imagination that you hope to be. c. The hidden "self" that you are unaware of. d. The way that others close to you describe you.

a. The ways in which you express your cultural and group affiliations.

In the context of public speaking, Waldeck, Kearney, and Plax (2013) state that good stories share all EXCEPT which of the following characteristics? a. They are developed from novels that are commonly read. b. They are realistic. c. They have sustainable value. d. They are organized. e. They are interactive.

a. They are developed from novels that are commonly read.

In the public speaking context, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good story? a. They are unorganized. b. They have sustainable value. c. They are interactive. d. They are realistic.

a. They are unorganized.

To improve their mediated communication in the future, what should Geoff and Elizabeth do differently? a. They should assess the strengths and weaknesses of the medium as well as consider the recipients and context for the message. b. They should focus more on traditional forms of communication, as these are safer and less ambiguous. c. They should not spend time considering the recipients and context for the message.

a. They should assess the strengths and weaknesses of the medium as well as consider the recipients and context for the message.

Sullivan is going to be speaking about the different types of student loans that are available to his college classmates. What organization should the body of the speech follow? a. Topical b. Sequential c. Chronological d. Three Main Points

a. Topical

If you have a negative bias against polychronic cultures, be open to setting these biases aside. a. True b. False

a. True

In assessing the strength and weakness of media, Trevino, Daft, and Lengel laid out a set criteria. Which of the following are correct? a. When a message is potentially unclear or ambiguous, instant feedback will allow communicators to interact, check perceptions, ask questions, and arrive more quickly at understanding. b. When a communication medium allows us to send and receive facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, and verbal inflection in addition to text and images, it becomes a less powerful tool for effective interaction. c. Messages are always interpreted more accurately without emotion and feeling. d. When communicators can use the same kind of language they would use in a mediated conversation, they can be conversational and engaging.

a. When a message is potentially unclear or ambiguous, instant feedback will allow communicators to interact, check perceptions, ask questions, and arrive more quickly at understanding.

How are critical thinking and critical listening related? a. You cannot engage in critical thinking without first engaging in critical listening. b. Both critical listening and thought should not be used when we are with loved ones. c .You cannot critically listen to a message until you have first thought critically about the message. d. Both critical listening and thought can only occur when we hear political messages.

a. You cannot engage in critical thinking without first engaging in critical listening.

Which of the following actions is most important following a conversation? a. You should remember the main argument you were making in your conversation. b. You should offer a critique of the other person's communication skills so they can improve. c. You should decide whether you or the person you were talking to was the best communicator. d. You should pause, reflect, and evaluate both the process and outcome of communication in order to determine the next steps.

a. You should remember the main argument you were making in your conversation. When you pause, reflect, and evaluate both the process and outcome of an interaction, you can build on your communication skills

Each of the following scenarios exemplifies a characteristic of a good attitude toward public speaking. Breeze suggests to her colleague, Quincy, that he record himself practicing his speech so the two of them can review the recording and make suggestions for improvement. a. acknowledging the vulnerability in public speaking while understanding the value in others feedback b. creating and maintaining general positive regard for your audience c. understanding a conversational tone is ideal d. believing that you have something important and worthwhile to share

a. acknowledging the vulnerability in public speaking while understanding the value in others feedback

What form of fallacy "I don't care what the owner's manual says. My mechanic told me that high-octane gasoline is no different than the regular stuff, no matter what type of car you drive." a. appeal to misplaced authority b. Ad hominem c. Forced dichotomy d. Post hoc ergo propter hoc e.Straw person f.Hasty generalization

a. appeal to misplaced authority

1 Owning a pet can make us feel optimistic about life's challenges. 2 Living in a college residence hall, rather than at home with your parents, can be a rewarding experience. 3 Exercising can be fun. This are all persuasion examples influencing a. attitude b. belief c. behavior

a. attitude all of these presentation topics are geared toward changing audience members' feelings about the issue under consideration.

1 Register to vote 2 Use sunscreen 3 Go with satellite TV instead of cable 4 Eat a vegetarian diet 5 Switch their cell phone provider to your carrier 6 Register to be an organ donor 7 Try e-cigarettes as an alternative to smoking cigarettes These oersuasive speech topics are examples of influencing a. behavior b. belief c. attitude

a. behavior they motivate you to take action (behavior)

Match each of the following to the corresponding type of influence. There is no doubt that recycling will have a positive effect on the future of our earth. (general) a. belief b. attitude c. behavior

a. belief

What factor matches the example: Being colorblind a. biological factor b. past experiences factor c. internal states factor d. identity factor

a. biological

This example meets which business need? Home shopping channels maintain a presence on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, responding to customer feedback and questions about products on the air. a. customer service and outreach b. communication between departments c. keeping track of competition

a. customer service and outreach

What kind of persuasive speech is the example You make the claim that Pluto, while currently considered a "dwarf planet," should not be considered a planet at all. a. definitional b. factual c. policy d. value

a. definitional

Lean media is primarily used for ______. a. gathering instant feedback over text or instant message b. facilitating deep understanding of a topic c. simulating a face-to-face conversation

a. gathering instant feedback over text or instant message

If you are a woman living in or visiting the Arab country of Qatar, do not interact with men in social settings. Is Qatar a masculine or feminine culture? a. Masculine b. Feminine

a. masculine

ON a slightly nervous 1st date, Rudy's date asks, " tell me about yourself. What excites you? What do you want to do in life? This is an example of: a. self concept b. self esteem

a. self concept

Considerations for the topic selection process To help decide on a specific speech topic, Pasquale tweeted a general topic and asked followers to retweet a question they would like to have answered about that particular topic. a. use crowdsourcing to generate/test topics you are considering b. narrow topic for time allocated c. evaluate suitability of topic for audience d. consider ease of research for your topic e. begin considering what you already know

a. use crowdsourcing to generate/test topics you are considering

Arjun should focus on the message he is trying to convey regardless of the responses and feedback he may get from the interviewers. a. YES B. NO

a. yes During communication, we must be aware of and responsive to the feedback we receive from others to assess whether our approach is creating the meanings we intend in the minds of other communicators.

Users of today's communication technologies may be more susceptible to burnout. Yes No

a. yes Instantaneous, 24/7 communication can leave users feeling overwhelmed, leading to "technostress."

He should pause, reflect, and evaluate after every interaction. a. Yes b. No

a. yes After an interaction, it is very important to pause, reflect, and evaluate the process and outcome of communication to determine the next steps.

Pablo has a busy semester, and he does not want to give too much time to the course. So he puts off working through the course, figuring that he'll spend a couple of weeks at the end of the semester doing it all at once. In the end, he fails the final exam. His principal mistake was that he did not a.properly assess the task. b. accurately evaluate his own strengths and weaknesses. c. plan an effective strategy for working through the course. d. successfully monitor his own performance. e. adjust his approach

a.properly assess the task.

define persuasive presentations

advocate a particular position and attempts to influence listeners to adopt 1 belief/course of action over another because it is superior -"you should do this" -pathos/persuasive

When reading a scenario question, what are examples of ethos

age, gender, background, experience, intelligence, trustworthiness, credibility

In more masculine cultures, such as Japan, males are expected to behave more(passively, aggressively) and females, more (passively, aggressively). In countries that value a middle of the masculine/feminine continuum, such as the United States, the ability to give(assertive, empathetic) feedback to a friend and use (assertive, empathetic) communication in the workplace is valued.

aggresively, passively, empathetic, assertive

Transactional Model of Communication

all people involved in an interaction are simultaneously sending and receiving messages. Some are verbal, and others are nonverbal, such as gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, smiling, and so on. The desired outcome of these transactions is mutual assignment of meaning. That is, I will assign the meaning that you intended to your message, and we will arrive at a shared understanding. Communication operates as a simultaneous transaction in interpersonal situations as communicators exchange these messages.

Define rich media

allow for the exchange of nonverbal information, emotion, and quick feedback. capable of facilitating understanding

brief report

also called briefing to the point -gives audience specific instruction on a topic -often used in workplace -short instructional

define persuasion

an activity that "involves symbolic communication between two or more persons with the intent to change... attitudes, beliefs, and/or behaviors of the receiver[s]" overarching goal of a persuasive presentation is to advocate some type of change among the audience, persuasive communicators operate with one or more of three specific goals in mind (Miller, 1980): to change how listeners feel, think, or act.

description of self esteem

an evaluation or judgement of the kind of person you are in various communicative settings

Explain the linear model of communication

an individual communicator transmits a message to a receiving communicator ex: a professor (the sender) telling a student (the receiver) who is unhappy with her grade, "It is very important for you to read the textbook" (the message).

What 3 interrelated skills sets are comprises in communication competence?

appropriateness, communication skills, and motivation.

what is a definitional persuasive speech?

argues basic indentification/classification of something

what is a factual persuasive speech

argues the truth/falsity of given assertation can also be used when you are defending your POV

what is a value persuasive speech

argues virtue accuracy and soundness of a particular judgement based on principal. value what is right/beautiful/ etc

5 distinct skills of metacognition

assess the task, evaluate strengths and weaknesses, plan an approach, apply strategies and monitor your performance, reflect and adjust if needed

Define stereotype

assuming a standard, generalized profile of an individual, because he or she belongs to a group.

If Janet attempts to persuade a friend that the Chinese restaurants in town all serve bad food, then she is attempting to change a specific (belief/attitude/behavior). If she persuades her friend that Chinese food is generally unhealthy, then she is changing a basic (attitude/behavior/belief). If Janet's friend stops eating Chinese food altogether, then she is changing a(n)-(attitude/behavior/belief)

attitude, belief, behavior

Fritz now must consider how to end his speech. He knows there are general guidelines and also specific elements to a conclusion. Fritz knows there are three goals for a strong ending. An ending should leave the (audience/topic/speaker) not only feeling connected to the (audience/topic/speaker) in the moment, but also connected to the (audience/topic/speaker) remaining engaged in the information long after the speech is over.

audience, speaker, topic

we need to develop the skills of _______, ____________, and _________ so that we notice and can be responsive to verbal and nonverbal feedback during communication, and change our approach if necessary.

awareness, flexibility, and adaptability

Tanya tries to persuade an audience that had self-reported sedentary lifestyles and diets high in sodium and fat to change their attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs about diet and exercise. She knows that her audience's opinions are deeply formed and have been held by them for a long period of time. If, instead of being encouraged to live healthier by her speech, the audience becomes more deeply entrenched in their unhealthy choices, what has occurred? a Captive audience doctrine b Boomerang effect c Psychological reactance theory d Transmission model theory

b Boomerang effect Correct. The boomerang effect states that people actually strengthen or reinforce existing beliefs when encouraged to change them.

Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates a couple overcoming a dialectical tension between predictability and novelty? a Brendan and Helene do not understand each other's need for solitary time. b Connie and Jim like to follow a specific routine during the workweek, but c they both appreciate spontaneity on the weekends. c Evelyn and Josh prefer to keep a separate morning routine. d Cathy and Corey agreed to not disclose every detail about past relationships.

b Connie and Jim like to follow a specific routine during the workweek, but c they both appreciate spontaneity on the weekends.

"I will end this war in Iraq responsibly, and finish the fight against al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan. I will rebuild our military to meet future conflicts. But I will also renew the tough, direct diplomacy that can prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons and curb Russian aggression. I will build new partnerships to defeat the threats of the 21st century: terrorism and nuclear proliferation; poverty and genocide; climate change and disease. And I will restore our moral standing, so that America is once again that last, best hope for all who are called to the cause of freedom, who long for lives of peace, and who yearn for a better future." [Democratic Presidential Candidate Acceptance Speech by Barack Obama. August 28th, 2008] a Pathos b Ethos c Logos

b Ethos (I will statements - person is taking responsibility)

Which of the following sets encompasses the goals of informative speeches? a Affirm, confirm, or review b Introduce, further, or update c Persuade, dissuade, or deter d Incite, agitate, or outrage

b Introduce, further, or update

Ema works for a nonprofit organization. One aspect of her job is raising awareness to various community partner organizations and potential partner organizations about the ongoing goals and projects that her nonprofit would like to collaborate on with the community partners. Using the most recent data on the project, she is getting ready to deliver a presentation to several local businesses regarding her nonprofit's involvement in the city's proposed development of a light rail transit system and how the light rail transit system could affect these businesses. Based on your understanding of the goals of informative speeches, which of the following should Ema make sure to do in her presentation? a Argue the benefits to local business of supporting a light rail transit system using data drawn from environmental emissions testing and tax revenue. b Lay out the most accurate data detailing the effect of a light rail transit system on local businesses' profit margins. c Draw from exit polling data from the most recent election, and explain to the businesses how support for a light rail transit system breaks down according to political ideology. d Using data on emissions, work to convince the local businesses that a light rail transit system is environmentally necessary.

b Lay out the most accurate data detailing the effect of a light rail transit system on local businesses' profit margins

Ema is delivering a persuasive presentation to her local chamber of commerce. She encourages them to write language into their mission statement in support of a nondiscrimination ordinance pertaining to local businesses. Which type of presentation is she delivering? a Value b Policy c Definitional d Factual

b Policy

Which of the following would be considered an appropriate topic of conversation for small talk? a The abuse you suffered as a child b The storm that is predicted to roll in that evening c Your opinion of the current president d Institutional racism in the United States

b The storm that is predicted to roll in that evening

During the Q&A, a man mentions Ema's nonprofit's work to partner with businesses to make their establishments more accessible to persons with disabilities. He says he's not sure, but he heard on the news that excessive regulations stifle growth. Several other people nod in agreement. How should Ema approach this group? a She is dealing with a resistant audience, so she should manage her expectations to only modest changes in belief. b This audience appears to be ambivalent and underinformed, so Ema should provide them with facts and data that support her position. c This audience is supportive and should be given directions on how to be allies. d This audience is confused about Ema's stance, so she should advocate why she believes in the issue.

b This audience appears to be ambivalent and underinformed, so Ema should provide them with facts and data that support her position.

A person's __________ refer to opinions about a specific object or person. a attitudes b behaviors c beliefs

b behaviors

Denise is preparing an informative speech to deliver to a group of nursing students at a local college. Because her audience already has a basic understanding of health issues, such as the causes of diabetes and stroke, her goal is to __________ factual beliefs about the causes and symptom of diabetes and stroke. a alter b further c create

b further

Which of the following best defines self-concept? a. An agreement between you and someone else of who you are b. A summation of who you are c. An evaluation of who you are d. A fantasy of the person you could be

b. A summation of who you are

What form of fallacy "I do not take this philosopher's work seriously. He struggled with depression and addiction, and his insights would not be helpful to me." a. appeal to misplaced authority b. Ad hominem c. Forced dichotomy d. Post hoc ergo propter hoc e.Straw person f.Hasty generalization

b. Ad hominem

While visiting friends in Japan, Janice removes her shoes prior to entering a home to show respect to the host. Which of the following strategies of competent intercultural communication is Janet exemplifying in this scenario? a. Set pre-existing biases aside. b. Adapt to the norms of the host culture. c. Conduct research on your host culture.

b. Adapt to the norms of the host culture.

All of the following statements are true except for which one? a. A speaker's attitude influences how he or she projects a topic. b. Attitude has nothing to do with delivering an effective speech. c. Your understanding of ethos, pathos, and logos will affect your success as a speaker. d.Great presentations are often communicated in the same way that you tell a good story.

b. Attitude has nothing to do with delivering an effective speech.

Text messages can fulfill which of the following criteria? a. Capacity for communicating multiple cues b. Capacity for instant feedback

b. Capacity for instant feedback

James associates himself with other Navy SEALs, vegans, Catholics, and dog lovers. Which of the following best describes these various groups? a. General cultures b. Co-cultures c. Blind aspects d. Umbrella cultures

b. Co-cultures

In Hawaii, children are expected to take care of younger siblings, respect their elders, and contribute to family chores. Is this a culture representative of individualism or collectivism? a. Individualism b. Collectivism

b. Collectivism

As Jolie sat in her psychology class and her teacher lectured, she continued to text and scan her Facebook page. At the end of the class session, Jolie was unaware that the instructor presented the homework for the week. Which of the following contextual barriers prevented Jolie from listening to her professor? a. Message Complexity b. Communication Overload c. Physical Noise

b. Communication Overload

Emily is a college sophomore. In her first year, she had a high GPA, enjoyed her classes, made friends easily, and received a lot of support from her family back at home. This year, however, things are not going quite so well. Her father's real-estate business is struggling, and her parents are no longer able to send her extra money for her living expenses. So, Emily began waiting tables at night to make ends meet. Spending up to 30 hours a week at the restaurant, on top of a full course load, has left Emily with little time to study, get a good night's sleep, or spend time with her friends. With only a few weeks left in the semester, Emily's grades have begun to slip, and she has become isolated from her friends. Neither her instructors nor her friends seem very understanding of her situation, but, then again, she has not had an open conversation with anyone about her challenges. She just feels too embarrassed to share her struggles with her friends, let alone her professors, and doesn't know how to appropriately talk about these personal problems. Emily decides she will go talk to her college advisor. She sets up an appointment that will take place in two days. Which of the following would best prepare Emily for the meeting? a.Emily should call her mother to ask if she will talk with the counselor for her. b. Emily needs to think about how she will convey her situation to her advisor and what she will say. c. There isn't anything Emily can do until she talks with her advisor.

b. Emily needs to think about how she will convey her situation to her advisor and what she will say.

Richard's boss sent him to an annual auto mechanic trade show where he learned several techniques for more accurately diagnosing computer-controlled transmission issues. After returning home, he showed his colleagues what he learned. a. Communicate new information b. Further existing knowledge c. Update outdated information

b. Further existing knowledge

While in France, it is acceptable to talk about social rank and occupational status. Is France a high power or low power distance culture? a. Low power b. High power

b. High power

A woman and her husband attend a party together. A few hours into the party, she declines a second drink at the bar and looks at her husband. This gesture indicates to her husband that she is ready to leave the crowded party. In which context is the couple communicating? a. Low-Context Communication b. High-Context Communication

b. High-Context Communication

"Every spring, Christine develops a runny nose and itchy eyes. Christine suffers from seasonal allergies." Which type of reasoning is the speaker of this quote using? a. Deductive b. Inductive

b. Inductive In this example, the speaker uses the specific events of previous springs to make a general claim about Christine.

"Most of the college students I've met have to pay their own way through college and end up focusing on their jobs more than their studies. Therefore, balancing work and college courses is a significant problem for most American college students." Which type of reasoning is the speaker of this quote using? a Deductive b. Inductive

b. Inductive This argument starts with specific cases or examples and then bases a probable universal claim on them.

Jamal is at the point now where it's time to select a topic. He must consider various elements that will guide his topic selection. He has so many he is considering: persuading his audience to donate to locally owned business; informing his audience about the local community resources; entertaining his audience with inspirational stories of local community interactions. How will he decide? Since Jamal is considering various topics, what might be an effective way to narrow down his ideas so he can focus on developing one for his audience? a/ Jamal can consider a topic he presented while growing up in Arkansas. b. Jamal can post an entry to Facebook and/or Instagram to get some feedback from his friends and family. c. Jamal can read a book to get some topic ideas.

b. Jamal can post an entry to Facebook and/or Instagram to get some feedback from his friends and family (crowdsourcing)

Which of the following statements explains the cultural differences that caused the miscommunication between James and Miriam? a. James and Miriam have different communication styles because they are from different countries, an example of co-culture. b. James and Miriam have different communication styles because they are from different countries, an example of general culture. c. James and Miriam have different communication styles because James is more well-traveled than Miriam, an example of general culture. d. James and Miriam have different communication styles because James is more well-traveled than Miriam, an example of co-culture.

b. James and Miriam have different communication styles because they are from different countries, an example of general culture.

This example meets which business need? A tech startup uses advanced collaboration tools so that its research and development team can stay well-connected to the marketing department. a. customer service and outreach b. communication between departments c. keeping track of competition

b. communication between departments

Janet is a 53-year-old American female working in the Vietnam branch of an American Company, which is a function of both corporate bureaucracy (a co-culture) and the majority ethnicity of her co-workers. Most of her co-workers are Vietnamese, and although her supervisor is about 20 years younger than she (and younger than most of the employees in the office), Janet is surprised to learn that the office norm is to address him as Mr. Nguyen. She is somewhat shocked by the extent to which employees accept the directives they are given by government higher-ups about trivial matters such as where to park and the mandated flu shot. Janet has never had a flu shot and does not intend to get one. Further, she has never worked in an environment where the boss did not maintain an open-door policy. But the employees in this office avoid speaking to Mr. Le unless he addresses them first. Which statement is true of Janet's cultural orientation toward power distance and the power distance she experiences within her co-culture of a government bureaucracy? a. Janet's cultural and office orientation are both low power distance cultures. b. Janet's cultural orientation is toward low power distance, but her office environment has a high power distance orientation. c, Janet's cultural and office orientation are both high power distance cultures. d. Janet's cultural orientation is toward high power distance, but her office environment has a low power distance orientation.

b. Janet's cultural orientation is toward low power distance, but her office environment has a high power distance orientation.

In which of the following examples is the speaker MOST clearly using the rhetorical strategy of pathos? a. Liliana presents her argument that if the public is more responsive to the hardships suffered by refugees seeking to flee war zones in foreign countries (like we are with other successful human rights campaigns), we will experience more peace and humanity. b. Justin details instances of animal abuse to convince his audience to boycott all theme park locations owned and operated by a specific company. c. Geraldine announces that she will run for a political office and offers her past successes for her pledge of her commitment to bettering the lives and conditions of the constituents. d. Alexandros uses deductive reasoning to convince his audience of a moral obligation to fund research into alternative energy sources.

b. Justin details instances of animal abuse to convince his audience to boycott all theme park locations owned and operated by a specific company.

While listening to the evening news, Marcia found it difficult to make sense of the vast amount of and multi-layered information the two commentators were presenting related to a local community issue that had state implications. Which of the following contextual barriers is preventing Marcia from listening effectively? a. Physical Noise b. Message Complexity c Communication Overload

b. Message Complexity

Arjun should rely only on his intellect to respond to the messages he receives. A. Yes B. No

b. NO As you interact with others, you use your intellect, emotions, and your assessment of others' needs and motivations to create and exchange, make sense of, and respond to messages.

Maria is enrolled in Professor Zimmerman's media studies class based on the recommendation of her best friend, Nica, who claims that Professor Zimmerman is the most intelligent, sociable, and laid-back teacher she has ever had. However, Professor Zimmerman begins the first class of the semester by slowly going over a lengthy syllabus, emphasizing all of the rules and policies for the class. He explains that anyone not 100% committed to attending and participating in every class should leave now. Maria cannot understand how such a "sociable" and "laid back" teacher could, on the first day of classes, be so rigid and strict about the attendance policy. Which of the following statements about Maria's impression of Dr. Zimmerman is true? a. Maria will take time to carefully reflect on her impression of Professor Zimmerman. b. Nica's description of Professor Zimmerman played a big role in Maria's reaction to the attendance policy. c. Having never met Professor Zimmerman, Maria was unbiased before the first class.

b. Nica's description of Professor Zimmerman played a big role in Maria's reaction to the attendance policy.

Bill and Sue lead a team of designers at their company, but all employees work remotely from their home offices. Most projects require the designers to meet regularly in a virtual setting to discuss the status of projects and provide input on the design. Which truism of human communication can be applied to this scenario? a. New tools make it difficult for older workers who are not comfortable with modern technology. b. Online collaboration tools make it easier for multiple groups to work on a shared project. c. New media damage a person's ability to communicate effectively in a face-to-face setting.

b. Online collaboration tools make it easier for multiple groups to work on a shared project.

Which of the following does NOT help produce critical listening and thinking? a. Our evaluation of contexts, messages, and speaker credibility b. Our desire for personal and professional success in life c. Our curiosity in a particular message and greater understanding d. Our desire to thoughtfully elaborate on a message

b. Our desire for personal and professional success in life

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary challenges of communication? a. Our reliance on digital mediated communication b. Our desire to persuade others c. Our diverse world with many different sociocultural situations d. The intellectual and psychological resources required

b. Our desire to persuade others This is not among the primary challenges of communication.

Carmela is a teacher at a middle school where they have just switched administrations. This year, the school is requiring all students to wear a standard uniform. Carmela believes that this is unfair and prepares to set up a rally to emphasize the importance of expressive freedom in dress. Within her speech, she will argue that students should be allowed to wear what they want within reason. What type of persuasive speech is this? a. Definitional b. Policy c. Value d. Factual

b. Policy IT is her ULTIMATE goal to change a policy

What must each individual in a team do to begin effective team communication? a. Figure out quickly who can be a loyal ally who will support his own ideas. b. Put the shared goals of the team ahead of any personal interests or concerns. c. Figure out what each person is good at, then assign appropriate tasks. d. Try to persuade every other team member that he has the best ideas.

b. Put the shared goals of the team ahead of any personal interests or concerns.

Candace and Jesse are newlyweds. They have only been living together for a few months, and they've decided to sit down and divide household chores between the two of them. Which of the following maintenance strategies is being employed in this scenario? a Understanding b Openness c Tasks d Assurances

c Tasks

Which of the following scenarios is the BEST representation of an interdependent relationship? a. Randy and Clarke are both college students in the same class. Randy often comes to class late and does not submit assignments on time. Clarke suggests to Randy that he make more of an effort. b. Sabrina and Sholanda are family. Sabrina often does not show up to family events and Sholanda is left covering for Sabrina's absence. c. Chen-Ya and Jeng both work at the same company. Chen-Ya is having surgery on his foot. d. Peter and Lana ride the same train into town together each day. One day, Lana does not see Peter on the train. e. Cathy is a college professor and has had trouble with her car for several weeks. As she was explaining this to a fellow instructor, it became obvious that Cathy might need a new car.

b. Sabrina and Sholanda are family. Sabrina often does not show up to family events and Sholanda is left covering for Sabrina's absence.

Someone with excellent persuasive speaking skills would be best suited to which of the following career paths? a. Teaching b. Sales c. Stand-up comedy

b. Sales

Radhika invites Joanna out to dinner and drinks for the weekend. Joanna is reluctant at first but agrees after Radhika insists. Joanna says she will meet her only if they go to Nye's pub, a place Joanna feels certain won't have many people dining. Why is it important to be able to distinguish between self-concept and self-esteem? a. Knowing the difference between the two allows you to objectively present yourself to others without emotion. b. Self-concept and self-esteem together are the foundation for the manner in which you present yourself and relate to others. c. Knowing self-esteem is much more important than knowing knowing self-concept. d. Knowing self-concept is much more important than knowing self-esteem.

b. Self-concept and self-esteem together are the foundation for the manner in which you present yourself and relate to others.

The strategic development and use of verbal and nonverbal messages that results in others making conclusions about the kind of individual you are describes which of the following concepts? a. Communication b. Self-presentation c. Self-determination d. Self-concept

b. Self-presentation

The thought that politicians are crooks who think only of personal gain is an example of which of the following? a. Self-serving bias c. Fundamental attribution error

b. Stereotype

Which of the following channels can result in asynchronous communication? a. Face-to-face conversation b. Text message c. Phone call

b. Text message

Dr. Cho is a professor at a large university. When he does live sessions in a classroom, he pays close attention to the feedback he receives from his students. When they laugh, look attentive, and ask questions, he knows that he is taking the right approach. When students pay more attention to their phones or begin to doze off, he knows to change it up. These behaviors are useful to his goals of teaching them to be good students. When he is assigned to teach an online course, however, he does not receive the instant feedback. Which of the following is exemplified by this scenario? a. A lack of in-person communication competence b. The drawbacks of communication through new media c. Poor teaching practices

b. The drawbacks of communication through new media

In order to avoid communication misunderstandings and ambiguity, Elizabeth and Geoff should assess the strengths and weaknesses of the medium when selecting the right one for their communication needs. Which statement about their communication needs is incorrect? a. They must select the medium's personal focus and qualities. b. They must select the medium's capacity for communicating a specific cue. c. They must select the medium's capacity for transmitting natural language. d.They must select the medium's capacity for instant feedback.

b. They must select the medium's capacity for communicating a specific cue.

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe James and his affiliation with the co-culture of poodle owners? a. This co-culture is a smaller group within the general culture that caters to one's unique interests, such as owning a poodle. b. This co-culture does not influence the way people within this co-culture behave and think. c. This co-culture influences the relationships James initiates and how he thinks and acts in respect to poodles. d. James belongs to a co-culture of poodle owners.

b. This co-culture does not influence the way people within this co-culture behave and think.

Intercultural situations that feel foreign to you can occur on a trip to Qatar, a visit to an Amish village or a sorority meeting. a. False b. True

b. True

Which of the following is an example of a euphemism that obscures meaning? a. Using "ladies' room" in place of "toilet" b. Using "gone to a better place" to say that someone has died c. Saying "they're sleeping together" to explain that two people are having a sexual relationship d. Saying someone "dropped the f-bomb" to describe a particular use of vulgar language

b. Using "gone to a better place" to say that someone has died

You are attending a friend's traditional Indian wedding. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate in order to handle this intercultural event? a. Before you leave for the wedding, you do a great deal of research on Indian weddings and traditions. b. Your friend asks you to dance together with her and her entire family in a large wedding circle. You feel very uncomfortable doing this, so you refuse to take part in the dance. Your friend is very hurt. c. Your friend's uncle is seated next to you at dinner. He spends the entire night name-dropping and boasting about his many academic degrees and professional titles. While you find this difficult to listen to, you act in a polite and respectful way. d. Because you have never attended an Indian wedding, you decide to keep an open mind about the unfamiliar wedding.

b. Your friend asks you to dance together with her and her entire family in a large wedding circle. You feel very uncomfortable doing this, so you refuse to take part in the dance. Your friend is very hurt.

Because you are constantly working hard to select, organize, and interpret stimuli in the world, the process of perception can be described as which of the following? a. Passive b. Active c. Objective d. Random

b. active

Rebecca gives a persuasive speech on blood donation. She concludes by encouraging the audience to donate blood. Which of the following strategies is Rebecca using? a. Tie-in to the introduction b. Appeal c. Memorable quote d. Illustration or application

b. appeal

Match each of the following to the corresponding type of influence. Making the effort to recycle can make you more optimistic about the future a. belief b. attitude c. behavior

b. attitude

Each of the following scenarios exemplifies a characteristic of a good attitude toward public speaking. Antonio is an athlete who has been asked to deliver a speech on determination to the academic debate team. Antonio is worried the debate team might not like him because he is not familiar with debate, and perhaps they will even have the perception that athletes are dumb. To connect positively with his audience, Antonio plans to arrive early to the speaking event and talk to some of the debate team members; he will ask questions and get to know them. a. acknowledging the vulnerability in public speaking while understanding the value in others feedback b. creating and maintaining general positive regard for your audience c. understanding a conversational tone is ideal d. believing and reassuring yourself that you will succeed

b. creating and maintaining general positive regard for your audience

Culture can be influenced by an individual's __________. a. country of origin b. geographic location c. race d. genetics

b. geographic location

Each of the following scenarios exemplifies one of the cultural dimensions explored in this module. Drag and drop the most appropriate dimension of culture and place it next to the appropriate scenario. Dillon is the CEO of a tech startup. When giving presentations, he always emphasizes his expertise, speaks assertively, and wears tailored business suits to communicate success. a. polychronic b. masculine c. feminine d. low power distance e high power distance f high context g collectivist h monochronic i individualist

b. masculine

Traditional media can be defined as _____. a. a mediated mode of communication, such as a text message b. media that existed prior to the latter part of the 20th century c. an asynchronous mode of communication, such as an e-mail

b. media that existed prior to the latter part of the 20th century

Considerations for the topic selection process Priscilla is interested in the ancient Roman traditions. Given the extensive material she could speak about, Priscilla is concerned she will not have enough time to present all the information. a. use crowdsourcing to generate/test topics you are considering b. narrow topic for time allocated c. evaluate suitability of topic for audience d. consider ease of research for your topic e. begin considering what you already know

b. narrow topic for time allocated

With access to technology that allows us to communicate with anyone, anywhere, at any time, we have become better all-around communicators. a. Yes b. No

b. no Sensitive and difficult conversations that should take place in person are restricted or avoided when conducted over electronic media.

What factor matches the example: havign being bit by a bee as a kid a. biological factor b. past experiences factor c. internal states factor d. identity factor

b. past experiences

After three consecutive job applications are rejected, Rudy stops attending his classes and withdraws from his circle of friends This is an example of: a. self concept b. self esteem

b. self esteem

Drag and drop each linear framework to match it with the correct example. Scarlett gives a speech to new parents on the best ways to discipline small children. a problem solution b topical c cause and effect d. chronological

b. topical A topical presentation is organized according to natural divisions of a topic.

What time of informative presentation is this: A local Starbucks manager addresses employees to inform them that the chain's national customer satisfaction ratings have dropped this quarter. a. instructional b.brief report c. demonstration d. training session

b.brief report

ground

background of the particular stimuli that capture your focused attention.

t audience members will commit to taking action or behaving in a particular way. This commitment is known as

behavioral intention

When reading a scenario question, what are some examples of pathos

body language, posture, emotions, tone of voice, appropriate context, facial expression

Chema wants to verbally cite evidence that he found in Popular Mechanics magazine related to the 2015 Lexus ES300 vehicle. Which verbal citation would be the MOST effective at helping the audience make the connection? a "According to the June, 2015 issue of Popular Mechanics magazine, the Lexus ES300 is the most sold vehicle." b "According to the June, 2015 issue of Popular Mechanics magazine, the 2015 Lexus ES300 is the most sold vehicle." c "According to the June, 2015 issue of Popular Mechanics magazine, a highly respected vehicle research tank, the 2015 six-cylinder Lexus ES300 is the most sold vehicle in the last decade compared to all other four-door sedans." d "According to the June, 2015 issue of Popular Mechanics, the Lexus ES300 is the most sold vehicle." e "According to the June, 2015 issue of Popular Mechanics magazine, the 2015 Lexus ES300 is the most sold vehicle in the United States."

c "According to the June, 2015 issue of Popular Mechanics magazine, a highly respected vehicle research tank, the 2015 six-cylinder Lexus ES300 is the most sold vehicle in the last decade compared to all other four-door sedans."

Which of the following is an example of dialectic tension between predictability and novelty? a A man who doesn't disclose his real last name to his girlfriend b Two best friends who share everything c A couple that always eats at the same restaurant d A daughter who wants to go out of state for college

c A couple that always eats at the same restaurant

Which of the following best exemplifies use of a two-sided message with refutation? a Committing to a five-year recurring endowment would bring you the satisfaction of knowing you are alleviating suffering in your community, plus it makes the most long-term economic sense. b We ask that you pledge a two-year commitment today, and after this period we would like you to consider renewing your pledge for the additional three years. c Although a one-year commitment is indeed the safer choice in these uncertain economic times, we contend that a five-year pledge would ensure more continued impact and success of our project's implementation. d Although your chief concern is that our organization could fail in the next five years, we can confidently assure you that we are a good long-term investment.

c Although a one-year commitment is indeed the safer choice in these uncertain economic times, we contend that a five-year pledge would ensure more continued impact and success of our project's implementation.

A visiting professor at your college begins his speech with the following: "More than a third of children under the age of two use mobile media, according to a recently released report. Specifically, the study found that 38 percent of kids under age two have used tablets or smartphones." This is an example of which step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence? a Propose a solution that satisfies the problem. b Identify problems or unfulfilled needs. c Capture the audience's attention. d Give the audience an action plan.

c Capture the audience's attention.

Which of the following is a true statement concerning citations in a presentation? a Written citations only are sufficient for a presentation. b Verbal citations must be vocally cited the same way with each reference. c Citing sources in a presentation will show that you are knowledgeable of the topic. d Each member of the audience must receive a copy of your written citations.

c Citing sources in a presentation will show that you are knowledgeable of the topic.

"How many of you have thought about dying? Death? How you will die? Because most of us think about this topic, I am here to present your options for what to do with your remains. I will review three options: burial, cremation, and evaporation." Which objective of effective introductions is missing from the beginning of this speech? a Capture the audience's attention. b Provide listeners with a reason to listen. c Establish your credibility. d Preview your topic and what you plan to share with your audience.

c Establish your credibility.

Ema delivered a presentation to the staff of a local hospital. During the course of the presentation, she laid out the goals and expectations for the partnership, explained the work that the hospital would be doing with her nonprofit, and provided some data demonstrating how other community partners have increased their organizational communication skills as a result of partnering with her organization. Which type of presentation did Ema deliver at the hospital? a Informative. She led a training session designed to get her audience to interact with the material. b Persuasive. She was attempting to persuade her audience to understand the virtue of good organizational communication skills. c Informative. She was teaching her audience information that had a basis in fact. d Persuasive. She was attempting to change their beliefs about her organization.

c Informative. She was teaching her audience information that had a basis in fact.

Lucy and Ben had a major argument, and Lucy said some very offensive things to Ben. Once they both calmed down, Lucy felt bad and offered to treat Ben to some ice cream. Which of the following scenarios is Lucy employing in this scenario? a Apologize b Forgive, recommit, and focus on the positives of the relationship c Make it up to the injured partner d Communicate with one another

c Make it up to the injured partner

Which of the following characteristics does NOT distinguish Monroe's Motivated Sequence from other organizational formats of persuasive speeches? a Monroe's Motivated Sequence is a five part, rather than three part speech. b Monroe's Motivated Sequence gives no hint of its purpose until a specific point in the speech. c Monroe's Motivated Sequence clearly lays out the goals of the presentation at beginning of the presentation. d Monroe's Motivated Sequence structure reduces the likelihood of resistance.

c Monroe's Motivated Sequence clearly lays out the goals of the presentation at beginning of the presentation.

Orlando will be speaking to the members of his swim club in hopes of gaining support for his proposal to increase member dues. He is convinced that any proposal to increase dues will be unpopular. Which of the following persuasive strategies would be most beneficial to Orlando in this scenario? a Orlando should focus on explaining why this issue is relevant to his fellow swim club members. b Orlando should encourage audience participation and feedback during the speech in hopes of gleaning support. c Orlando should push for small, incremental increases to club dues. d Orlando should establish common ground and encourage his audience's attitudes and beliefs

c Orlando should push for small, incremental increases to club dues.

"The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us, that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." [Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863] a Ethos b Logos c Pathos

c Pathos

Which of the following is an example of a persuasive presentation? a Instructional presentation b Demonstration c Policy speech d Brief report

c Policy speech

Debra and Monica are enrolled in the same online course. When they are paired up for the midterm project, they determine they will need to communicate almost daily in order to finish the assignment. Two weeks into the project, Debra notices that Monica has begun to share more personal details about her life, such as details about her mother's battle with cancer and her ideas for a startup venture she wants to pursue after graduation. As a result of these conversations, Debra feels comfortable asking Monica about her family and has told her about her own experiences with her father's illness. Debra and Monica's interaction BEST exemplifies which of the following concepts? a Social attraction b Small talk c Self-disclosure d Relationship audition

c Self-disclosure

Which of the following statements about the Johari Window is NOT true? a The open area represents things that you know about yourself and share with others. b Aspects of self in the blind area are seen by others but unknown to the self. c Self-disclosure moves aspects of self from the blind area to the open area. d Self-discovery moves unknown information to the hidden area.

c Self-disclosure moves aspects of self from the blind area to the open area.

Maureen and Xavier have just ended their relationship after three years of dating. They agreed to continue playing on the same softball team and diplomatically continue their mutual friendships with many of the other players. Some of Maureen's female teammates wanted to seem supportive by criticizing Xavier, but Maureen politely refused to engage in these discussions. Which one of the following statements BEST describes Maureen's strategy for ending a relationship on a positive note? a She is not showing team support. b She is not receptive to their ideas. c She is not bad-mouthing her ex. d She is not admitting the truth.

c She is not bad-mouthing her ex.

In Costco® stores, shoppers regularly sample pita chips, frozen meatballs, cookies, and cheese. After their purchase and subsequent enjoyment of the products, these consumers may form beliefs that their purchases are good values because they like the taste of them and can purchase them for a good price at a store they regularly visit. Which of the following accurately describes what is happening with these customers? a They are forming a new behavior based on Costco's generosity. b They are changing their behavior based on behavior they observe in others. c They are forming a certain belief based on their own behavior. d They are changing their behavior based on a belief they already had.

c They are forming a certain belief based on their own behavior.

Ema is preparing a presentation designed to help get her team up to speed on a project that entails partnering with a community organization. It is essential that her colleagues at the nonprofit have a solid understanding of the partner organization's role in the project. Ema's presentation contains two components. The first part is a lengthy debriefing of the partner organization's role in the project, the terminology used, its timeline, and its budget. The second part is a role-playing exercise in which her colleagues pair up and play-act to gain experience applying and enacting what they have learned in preparation for dealing with the client. Which type of informative speech most accurately defines Ema's presentation? a Demonstration b Instructional c Training d Briefing

c Training

Drag and drop each linear framework to match it with the correct example. Ethan delivers a speech to child psychologists on how a lack of affection in homes can have a negative impact on a child's development. a problem solution b topical c cause and effect d. chronological

c cause and effect A cause and effect presentation is structured around the causal relationship between events or things. The causes and effects are discussed.

What factor matches the example: Being very hungry a. biological factor b. past experiences factor c. internal states factor d. identity factor

c internal states

Introduction, body, and conclusion are __________. a strategies for effective reasoning b rhetorical strategies c the basic speech components d presentation topics

c the basic speech components

It is important to include ____________ when referencing sources in your presentation. a transitional phrases b anecdotes c verbal citations d subheadings

c verbal citations

According to the section on critical listening, when listening to a political message and feeling distracted, what question can you ask yourself to more deeply engage with it? a. "Is my emotional state affecting my ability to listen to this message?" b. "Do I have animosity or negative feelings toward the speaker?" c. "Do I have a basic interest in this message and curiosity to elaborate?" d. "Is the volume and/or format of the message distracting me?"

c. "Do I have a basic interest in this message and curiosity to elaborate?"

Which new media truism shows how online interactions can be potentially unsafe and dangerous if not approached with caution? a. A person of an older generation may find new technologies to be challenging. b. A person may find that their face-to-face communication skills decline. c. A person may create false identities for the purpose of meeting others.

c. A person may create false identities for the purpose of meeting others.

Which of the following is NOT vital to communication competence? a. Continuing to develop your communication skills. b. Being motivated to communicate. c. Adhering to the communications style that you were brought up with. d. Being sensitive to your surroundings.

c. Adhering to the communications style that you were brought up with. Communication competence is comprised of three interrelated skill sets or dimensions: appropriateness, communication skills, and motivation.

Which of these is NOT an example of a co-culture in the United States? a. Stay-at-home fathers b. Seattle Seahawks fans c. Americans d. Marathon runners

c. Americans

Which one of the following examples best illustrates the process for developing effective self-presentation? a. Marcos emulates other effective speakers and then incorporates specific nonverbal messages into his interactions with other participants. b. Ted reflects on past interactions and then executes strategies he felt were effective. c. Ava identifies her goals, plans a strategy, carries out her plan, and evaluates it. d. Patrice allows the other participants to control the interaction, so she is not perceived as overbearing and aggressive.

c. Ava identifies her goals, plans a strategy, carries out her plan, and evaluates it.

Lorelei and Thomas have been best friends since they were in grade school and are in a new phase of their relationship now that they are both attending different colleges apart from one another. Lorelei has always prided herself on the fact that she's "had Thomas's back," always, no matter what he has been through. From terrible parenting to angry ex-girlfriends, to bullies, to Thomas having been cheated out of almost every opportunity—Lorelei has listened to him and supported his feelings. When communicating with another person, what should be our major goal as listeners? a. Make sure to smile and present a happy, welcoming-looking face. b. Be ready with an immediate response as soon as someone is done. c. Be patient, show interest, and attempt to fully understand another person. d. Make sure that you have advice and a solution to someone's problem.

c. Be patient, show interest, and attempt to fully understand another person.

Which of the following situations does NOT reflect high self-esteem? a. Ryan tries out for many of the sports teams at school, despite not making some of them because he's not as good as the other players. b. Mary has stopped being friends with a more popular crowd, because they were not treating her the way a friend should be treated. c. Beth finds it difficult to talk to people in new social settings and does not make good eye contact.

c. Beth finds it difficult to talk to people in new social settings and does not make good eye contact.

Jamal is going to begin his speech with a story about how one local farmer almost lost his crop. But, thankfully, a local hardware owner provided the tools for the farmer to cover his crop during the snowstorm. Which element of an effective introduction is Jamal utilizing? a. Presenting a personable relationship between two community members b. Explaining to the audience how to protect their crops c. Capturing the audience's attention with a story d. Creating suspense in the topic of the speech

c. Capturing the audience's attention with a story

Your boss at work tells his team members that he no longer uses Facebook. Rather, he has moved all of his social media to Instagram instead. Many of his team members decide to also move to Instagram. What is this NOT an example of? a. People using communication media based on how the people they work with use and evaluate them b. Effectively judging the relationship among you, your receiver, media, and message c. Co-workers believing Facebook is no longer meeting their needs d. The norms among one's social network or within an organization

c. Co-workers believing Facebook is no longer meeting their needs

Colin must prepare and deliver a five-minute presentation for his Human Communication class. An avid polka fan, Colin is considering polka as a topic for this assignment. Which of the following should Colin consider next before settling on a topic? a. Colin should look into just how much research is available on this topic. b. Colin should narrow his topic to a more specific sub-genre of polka. c. Colin should consider whether or not his audience will find a polka-related presentation engaging.

c. Colin should consider whether or not his audience will find a polka-related presentation engaging.

Alicia had some friends over. During their visit, the television remained on as the group listened for updates on the local storm. Alicia's son was scanning the internet and reporting on the storm also. As well, Alicia was carefully listening to the baby monitor for her 6 month-old daughter. At the end of the evening, Alicia was exhausted and could not recall much of the interaction with her friends. Which of the following contextual barriers to competent listening is Alicia experiencing in this scenario? a. Message Complexity b. Physical Noise c. Communication Overload

c. Communication Overload

Which of the following statements best defines culture? a. Culture is a group of people who share a common geographic location and share many of the same beliefs. b. Culture is a group of people who share the same nationality and genetic similarities. c. Culture is a set of learned or shared behaviors, values, or practices associated with a community of people.

c. Culture is a set of learned or shared behaviors, values, or practices associated with a community of people.

James works as an attorney at a large firm with clients and offices all over the world, so his job requires a lot of travel. Many of his co-workers are from overseas as well. His direct supervisor, Miriam, is from Germany. James does not understand why Miriam never compliments his initiative and hard work. Instead, she seems distant and cold. She never asks James about his life outside of work or spends any time getting to know him. As a result, he thinks of Miriam as unfriendly and uncaring. Which is a common misconception about culture? a. Cultural behaviors include whether we worship and the holidays we observe. b. Cultural behaviors include what we eat and what we wear. d. Culture refers to behavior. c. Culture refers to groups of people.

c. Culture refers to groups of people.

You are the communications/marketing director for the national chapter of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). A majority of your members are over the age of 65. With this in mind, you are trying to figure out how to get more exposure for your monthly membership magazine. What is the best delivery method for your magazine? a. Post all articles on the association's Facebook page. b. Send members an online version of the magazine via email. c. Develop a paper version of the magazine, which can be sent directly to the members' homes.

c. Develop a paper version of the magazine, which can be sent directly to the members' homes

What can Dwayne do to more effectively communicate with Aleisha and help her feel more comfortable at work? a. Dwayne can continue to tell jokes when Aleisha is around so she'll know he does this with everyone. b. Dwayne should change his easygoing, joking style of communication because it seems to have offended Aleisha. c. Dwayne can explain to Aleisha that he meant no offense and was trying to be friendly with her, but that he understands why Aleisha might not have appreciated the humor.

c. Dwayne can explain to Aleisha that he meant no offense and was trying to be friendly with her, but that he understands why Aleisha might not have appreciated the humor This would both recognize that Dwayne is in an authority position and acknowledge Aleisha's feelings as an employee.

What form of fallacy What form of fallacy: "If you want to succeed as an actor, you will need to move to Los Angeles." a. appeal to misplaced authority b. Ad hominem c. Forced dichotomy d. Post hoc ergo propter hoc e.Straw person f.Hasty generalization

c. Forced dichotomy

Which of the following is NOT an example of globalization? a. McDonald's operating restaurants in Japan. b. South Korea's Kia manufacturing plant near Atlanta. c. General Motors manufacturing cars in Detroit. d. IBM outsourcing technology jobs to India.

c. General Motors manufacturing cars in Detroit.

In her mind, these two actions carried very different meanings. If he had blocked her, then he did not want anything to do with her, but that did not appear to be the case. Instead, it looked as if he had gone totally invisible, communicating with no one through Google Hangouts. Elizabeth took this to mean that there might be a chance for them to get back together. "He's just taking a break and regrouping," were almost reassuring thoughts for Elizabeth, who had wanted to try to patch things up rather than end the relationship. When Geoff heard, through a mutual friend, that Elizabeth was optimistic that they might get back together, he was dumbfounded. He had no idea why Elizabeth would think that. It turns out that Geoff had to send his computer out for repair, keeping him offline for a couple weeks, but it never occurred to him that that had anything to do with it. Which of the following best explains Geoff's reaction? a. Geoff must have blocked not only Elizabeth but their mutual friends as well. b. Geoff is just a jerk. c. Geoff had no way of knowing how Elizabeth might interpret his absence from Hangouts. d. Over-reliance on new media has had a negative impact on Geoff's ability to be sympathetic to Elizabeth's feelings.

c. Geoff had no way of knowing how Elizabeth might interpret his absence from Hangouts.

Which of the following statements about globalization is NOT accurate? Globalization is the process of our world becoming more connected in economic, political, organizational, and personal ways. a. The increase in the number of college students studying internationally is a direct result of globalization. b. Globalization is enabled by improvements in transportation. c. Globalization and understanding different cultures is becoming less important in the realm of education.

c. Globalization and understanding different cultures is becoming less important in the realm of education.

Hakim and Julie are getting ready to meet a few of their actor friends for a nice dinner and a night out clubbing. Julie is already dressed and notices that Hakim has been trying on many different outfits and seems to be frustrated. Julie notices the time and tells Hakim that they need to leave soon. Hakim sighs and turns to Julie and asks, "do you think I look like I've gained weight?" Julie pauses, unsure of what to say. How does this situation pose a problem for the linear model of communication? a. This situation does not pose a problem for the linear model of communication. b. There is nothing in Hakim's question for Julie to decode. c. Hakim's message is ambiguous and may have nothing to do with his intent.

c. Hakim's message is ambiguous and may have nothing to do with his intent. Correct. Sending and receiving messages becomes complicated by an individual's psychological or emotional states.

Cillian is having trouble being taken seriously at work because he tends not to speak up in meetings unless someone asks him a direct question. What can Cillian do to help solve his problems at work? a. He can actively listen during meetings by taking notes and making eye contact with whomever is speaking. b. He can write an email to his direct supervisor explaining why he would be better qualified for a particular project or assignment than the person to whom it was assigned. c. He can regularly remind himself of the opportunities he has missed by not communicating, such as important assignments given to coworkers when he was just as capable. d. He should offer to stay late and take on additional responsibilities to help make up for his lack of communication.

c. He can regularly remind himself of the opportunities he has missed by not communicating, such as important assignments given to coworkers when he was just as capable.

Hunger, stress, and other temporary conditions that influence a person's ability to perceive stimuli are best described as which of the following type of factors? a. Identity b. Past experiences c. Internal states d. Biological

c. Internal states

Which of the following questions would you NOT likely ask when assessing an individual's credibility? d. Is this person qualified to be making this claim or speaking about this subject? a. Does this person have my best interests in mind as a listener? b. Is this person an ethical, honest person with a history of trustworthiness? c. Is this person an agitator—does he or she like to anger listeners over the status quo?

c. Is this person an agitator—does he or she like to anger listeners over the status quo?

Ultimately, Elizabeth decided to block Geoff herself, because she knew that the relationship had been unhealthy, and she did not want to be tempted to start a conversation. Still, the finality of that act was difficult for her—seeing the green light next to his name had been a comforting presence to her, and now it was gone for good.It is important to always consider the recipients and message context. Which statement is incorrect? a. You should analyze your intended audience in much the same way you do before preparing a presentation or writing a business document. b, You must consider whether reliance on new media is a good choice for the intended recipient as well as the context for your message. c. It is not necessary to consider whether reliance on new media is a good choice for the context for your message. d. At work, assess how communication flows in your organization.

c. It is not necessary to consider whether reliance on new media is a good choice for the context for your message.

Jamal is excited that he will be presenting to his community about a topic of his choice. He considers so many community issues relevant to his audience. He also accepts that by presenting in front of the community members, he is vulnerable to their assessment of him and his presentation. Jamal works diligently to take on a positive attitude about this opportunity. What might be the most effective influence in attitude to the success of Jamal's public speaking process? a. Jamal can ask those around him for positive input. b. Jamal can think of something positive while creating his speech. c. Jamal can believe in and reassure himself that he will succeed d. Jamal can ask to be given more time to prepare so he's confident.

c. Jamal can believe in and reassure himself that he will succeed

Jamal considers the persuasive speech. In convincing an audience, Jamal knows that it's likely each listener will need convincing in different ways. He must create a persuasive presentation that connects with each audience member in a way that gets them engaged and supportive of his position. He knows he must come across as informed, honest, and trustworthy. What might be the least effective method for Jamal to employ if he is to make an emotional connection with the audience? a. Jamal can speak to the audience's potential fear over a community issue b. Jamal can speak to the audience's frustration related to a specific community issue c. Jamal can simply announce that action is necessary and unavoidable d. Jamal can help the audience get into a happy, relaxed state of mind

c. Jamal can simply announce that action is necessary and unavoidable

Jamal has been asked to speak at the local community center. The community center representative told Jamal he could speak about anything he wanted. As Jamal begins the process of considering this request, it is clear he has to follow a clear plan to develop this speech. From type of speech to topic selection and even how to organize the speech, Jamal knows he must begin his process immediately. What types of speeches will Jamal likely have to consider to present? a. Informative b. Persuasive c. Jamal will have to consider each type: entertaining, informative, persuasive. d. Entertaining

c. Jamal will have to consider each type: entertaining, informative, persuasive.

James has just been hired as a teacher at a local high school and is required to introduce himself and make a speech. He is already aware that this group of students bore easily and can sometimes become restless. To keep the attention of the students, he asks some of the student leaders to help him perform a popular song that ties into his speech. The students love the performance, and they are engaged from that point on. Which of these concepts did James use to gain the attention of his audience? a. James was straightforward and upfront with the audience. b. James provided credible evidence to the audience. c. James made the issue relevant to the audience. d. James asked for a small amount of change from the audience

c. James made the issue relevant to the audience.

When we constantly communicate by email, text, or tweet, we... a. develop better social skills because we are in contact with people more often. b. inevitably become addicted to gadgets and technology. c. become more avoidant of sensitive or difficult conversations. d. are able to have more meaningful conversations more often.

c. become more avoidant of sensitive or difficult conversations. Substituting face-to-face communication for digitally mediated communication can prevent more meaningful interactions.

Lorelei and Thomas have been best friends since they were in grade school and are in a new phase of their relationship now that they are both attending different colleges apart from one another. Lorelei has always prided herself on the fact that she's "had Thomas's back," always, no matter what he has been through. From terrible parenting to angry ex-girlfriends, to bullies, to Thomas having been cheated out of almost every opportunity—Lorelei has listened to him and supported his feelings. The more they communicate remotely via email, chat, and phone, the more perspective Lorelei has gotten on Thomas as a messenger, as well as the various contexts in which he complains or insists that he has been made a victim in some way. As she listens to him, Lorelei recognizes that Thomas seems incapable of understanding anyone's point of view as he feels threatened or slighted. In addition, he seems incapable of taking personal responsibility for failures in his life, nor does he give credit to anyone but himself when he experiences success. When the messenger is perceived as humorous or attractive, receivers are more likely to do which of the following? a. Be persuaded to change beliefs, opinion

c. Listen passively and not think critically about the message

Radhika is trying to help Joanna have a greater understanding of what internal factors are causing her unhappiness and what role external factors play in her anxiety. Which of the following describes this understanding that prevents perception error? a. Attribution b. Fundamental Attribution c. Locus of Causation d. Self-serving bias

c. Locus of Causation

"Let me start with where I see the U.S. economy right now. By most traditional metrics, the pace of our current recovery has exceeded even the most optimistic expectations. That's due in large part to rapid vaccine deployment and the robust support to families, businesses, and state and local governments provided by the American Rescue Plan. This is the kind of recovery that President Biden set out to deliver when he took office last year. Aggregate growth has been rapid and continued, with our real GDP expected to grow at 5.3 percent in 2021. The most recent Blue Chip forecast put 2022 growth at 3.3 percent, noting that "COVID and supply-chain disruptions to the economy are not really expected to disrupt economic growth," which in itself represents a stunning economic and policy achievement."." [Remarks by Secretary of the Treasury Janet L. Yellen at the 2022 'Virtual Davos Agenda' Hosted by the World Economic Forum. January 21, 2022] a.Ethos b. Pathos c. Logos

c. Logos

Which of the following statements is true of new media? a. Communication frequency has not changed significantly in the post-digital world. b. The digital nature of new media has resulted in a decrease in how much and how often we communicate. c. New media facilitate interaction both with the sources of the original message and with other users. d. New media are not very useful in our efforts to create, store, organize, and manage information.

c. New media facilitate interaction both with the sources of the original message and with other users.

Which of the following statements on co-cultures is NOT correct? a. Co-cultures can have an influence on how we spend our time and money. b. Co-cultures are smaller groups within the general culture. c. One's affiliation as a Hispanic American is not an example of one's co-culture.

c. One's affiliation as a Hispanic American is not an example of one's co-culture.

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary challenges of communication? a. Our reliance on digital mediated communication b. Our desire to persuade others c. Our diverse world with many different sociocultural situations d. The intellectual and psychological resources required

c. Our desire to persuade others This is not among the primary challenges of communication.

While riding in a car with her friend, LuLu's friend was talking. Although LuLu was nodding her head and saying "right," she was looking out the window and reading the road signs. a. Preoccupation b. Bias c. Passivity

c. Passivity

Which of the following statements about James' upcoming business trip is FALSE? a. Members of these cultures are unlikely to question the actions and statements of people with a lot of power or of high rank in society, at work, or within the family. b. The emphasis that these groups place on status, rank, and power influences the communication patterns and styles of that group. c. People from these cultures ask many questions in the classroom, continuously interrupt or question people in higher authority, and typically refer to higher status people by their first name. d. These cultures are said to have a high power distance orientation.

c. People from these cultures ask many questions in the classroom, continuously interrupt or question people in higher authority, and typically refer to higher status people by their first name.

Xavier is preparing for an annual fiscal presentation at work. He has been focusing on it for weeks and realizes now that he cannot recall what he and his wife talked about last night regarding their vacation plans. a. Passivity b. Bias c. Preoccupation

c. Preoccupation

Emily is a college sophomore. In her first year, she had a high GPA, enjoyed her classes, made friends easily, and received a lot of support from her family back at home. This year, however, things are not going quite so well. Her father's real-estate business is struggling, and her parents are no longer able to send her extra money for her living expenses. So, Emily began waiting tables at night to make ends meet. Spending up to 30 hours a week at the restaurant, on top of a full course load, has left Emily with little time to study, get a good night's sleep, or spend time with her friends. With only a few weeks left in the semester, Emily's grades have begun to slip, and she has become isolated from her friends. Neither her instructors nor her friends seem very understanding of her situation, but, then again, she has not had an open conversation with anyone about her challenges. She just feels too embarrassed to share her struggles with her friends, let alone her professors, and doesn't know how to appropriately talk about these personal problems. After Emily speaks with her advisor, which of the following is important for Emily to do first? a. Call her mother and ask for her advice. b. Take action while the conversation is fresh in her mind. c. Reflect and evaluate what she and her advisor discussed.

c. Reflect and evaluate what she and her advisor discussed. Taking time to reflect on the conversation will help Emily decide on the next steps to take

Match each of the following to the corresponding type of influence. I encourage you to recycle your water bottles in the blue bin on your way out of the room. a. belief b. attitude c. behavior

c. behavior

Which statement best describes role-taking? a. We engage in role-taking when we brag about our good luck to a friend who is down on her luck. b. As a result of role-taking, we can't make predictions about how others will react to and respond to our messages. c. Role-taking is the skill that allows communicators to figuratively stand in one another's shoes and assume one another's social roles and perspective. d. Role-taking is not critical to the accurate perception of others or to contextual features that impact an interaction.

c. Role-taking is the skill that allows communicators to figuratively stand in one another's shoes and assume one another's social roles and perspective.

Shannon became friendly with Inger through their mutual interest in the sport of horseback riding. Shannon was born and raised in New York, and Inger immigrated to the United States from Finland about 25 years ago. Although Inger speaks with a heavy accent, she is fluent in English and familiar with American customs. In many ways, Shannon thinks of Inger as truly bicultural, to the extent that she identifies with and fits into both the American and Scandinavian cultures so well. However, these two friends sometimes have difficulty understanding one another. For example, one time, when they finished dinner in a restaurant, Shannon asked for a box so that she could take home the rest of her meal. Inger glared at Shannon and explained that taking food home from a restaurant in her culture was considered tacky and simply was not done. Although Shannon appreciated her subtle sense of humor and the occasional ways that she showed warmth, she found herself spending a lot of time "explaining" Inger to other friends who perceived her as unfriendly, humorless, and even mean. It was not until Shannon took a trip with Inger to her native Finland that she better understood Inger's personality. Observing which of the following cultural behaviors may help Shannon understand why Inger criticized her request for a box to take home the rest of her meal? a. Lifestyles that people lead b. Products that people buy c. Rules that people follow d. Values and beliefs that people share

c. Rules that people follow

Which of the following is an example of a demonstration? a. Chefs at the New Orleans School of Cooking discuss the history of gumbo and pralines, two regional favorites, with students at the school's Mardi Gras festival. b. Jeff, a sales associate at a cooking supply store, tells a potential client about the great deal he has on a top-of-the-line cappuccino machine. c. Sarah exhibits self-defense tactics with a willing audience participant as part of a speech for her public speaking class

c. Sarah exhibits self-defense tactics with a willing audience participant as part of a speech for her public speaking class

Which of the following are difficult to convey using new media? a. A long, detailed message b. Detailed steps of a plan c. Sarcasm

c. Sarcasm

Radhika believes that she sees the same symptoms and behaviors in Joanna that she has experienced herself. What principle of perception organization is she using? a. Proximity b. Figure/Ground c. Similarity d. Closure

c. Similarity

Which of the following best describes unsuccessful communication? a. Someone disagrees with your message b. Someone is offended by your message c. Someone does not interpret the meaning you intended d. Someone argues with your message

c. Someone does not interpret the meaning you intended Communication is unsuccessful when someone does not interpret the meaning of your message as you intended. Communication is unsuccessful when someone does not interpret the meaning of your message as you intended.

Based on the research cited above, which of the following is NOT true? d. Research shows evidence of self-involvement and narcissistic-type self-presentation on social media. a. Studies indicate that technology use may be making people more aggressive, obsessive, and selfish in both their online and offline communication with others. b. College students self-reported that they felt less competent and confident communicating in face-to-face situations than they did in mediated ones. c. Studies indicate that people are becoming less able to quickly and efficiently respond to email messages.

c. Studies indicate that people are becoming less able to quickly and efficiently respond to email messages.

Geoff and Elizabeth met during their first semester at college. They had been dating for over a year when Geoff broke it off. They still had a few mutual friends, but, after a few uncomfortable run-ins, Geoff made an effort to avoid running into Elizabeth. When Geoff disappeared from Elizabeth's Google Hangouts® contacts list, Elizabeth assumed that he had blocked her. After talking to a few of their mutual friends, Elizabeth found that they hadn't seen Geoff signed in to Hangouts either. This led her to believe that, distraught and down after the end of a long relationship, Geoff had gone invisible instead of making the effort to avoid her specifically.' Which of the following best explains why Elizabeth concluded that the breakup prompted Geoff to go invisible instead of avoiding her specifically? a. The asynchronous nature of her communication with Geoff b. Technophobia brought on by the role of new media in the breakup c. The ambiguity and lack of feedback inherent in Google Hangouts and other new media d. Over-reliance on new media for communication

c. The ambiguity and lack of feedback inherent in Google Hangouts and other new media

Imagine now that you are an employee at K.S. Miller, the engineering firm from an earlier activity. Your human resources director has just informed you that you are being laid off at the end of the week. While the news is extremely shocking and quite upsetting, the way in which the message is transmitted decreases your anxiety level and makes your feel a little less fearful. Which of the following is LEAST likely to make the lay off more manageable? a. The medium's capacity to express personality and emotion b. The medium's capacity for instant feedback c. The medium's capacity for communicating multiple cues c. The medium's capacity for transmitting natural language

c. The medium's capacity for transmitting natural language (similar to face to face convo)

What time of informative presentation is this: A local Starbucks manager presents various ways that employees can begin discussions with customers about race. a. instructional b.brief report c. demonstration d. training session

c. demonstration

Jessica loves to take pictures with her phone. She snaps the picture, stores it in her phone, and creates many files to keep her pictures organized. Given that Jessica is storing a tremendous amount of information, such as photographs, in a very small digital space, Jessica is using _____. a. photo sharing b. file storage c. digital media d. Networking

c. digital media

Intercultural communication is difficult among individuals, and it is often mishandled in the media as well. For instance, the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung was accused of anti-Semitism in early 2014 for publishing a cartoon that depicted Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg as an octopus with tentacles in control of the world. However, in the news outlet's attempt to show Facebook's mighty reach, Zuckerberg was actually illustrated in much the same way as Nazi cartoons showed Jewish people—that is, with curly hair, a hooked nose, and fleshy lips. The cartoonist and the newspaper later apologized (Lyons, 2014). How does this example illustrate poor communication? a. The newspaper had intentionally wanted to insult Mr. Zuckerberg's ethnic background. b. The newspaper did not have verbal messages to go with the image. c. The newspaper did not convey its intended message.

c. The newspaper did not convey its intended message. When communicating globally in the business context, you must understand the economic and social conditions of other communicators. This was not accomplished here.

Dwayne has been office manager for some time now. He has an easygoing, playful rapport with his employees. However, after using humor in order to give feedback to Aleisha, a new hire, Dwayne notices that she now seems to avoid speaking with him and has become withdrawn and reserved. Which part of this interaction would not be accounted for in the linear model of communication? a. Aleisha's body language b. Dwayne's tone of voice c. The professional context of their relationship

c. The professional context of their relationship

Miriam tells James that he will be traveling overseas to London, Greece, China, and Qatar for 2 weeks of legal meetings with his global clients. For the last 3 months, he has been studying the language, culture, and practices of each destination. Which statement about achieving intercultural success is false? a. To be successful, always be tolerant of ambiguity. b. To be successful, remember that every culture has different rules and norms. c. To be successful, you should never let go of your preexisting biases about different cultures. d. To be successful, be willing to adapt to the practices of other cultures.

c. To be successful, you should never let go of your preexisting biases about different cultures.

Which of the following best describes the purpose of communication? a. To get other people to agree with you. b. To socialize with others. c. To solve problems, make decisions and manage relationships with others.

c. To solve problems, make decisions and manage relationships with others.

Which of the following statements is true of communication? a. Being able to successfully communicate is a skill that all people are born with. b. Successful communication results in people agreeing with your point of view. c. Unsuccessful communication results in misunderstanding of your intent. d. Communication involves only spoken word.

c. Unsuccessful communication results in misunderstanding of your intent.

Select the most appropriate informative speaking goal for each of the following scenarios. At an annual chemistry conference, Umesh presents the results of his team's research into a new artificial sweetener that had become very popular among soft drink manufacturers. Although the company that produces the new artificial sweetener claims that the product is harmless and poses no health risks, Umesh's evidence suggests that the sugar substitute poses greater health risks than the sugar it replaced. a. Communicate new information b. Further existing knowledge c. Update outdated information

c. Update outdated information

Which of the following is not necessary when assessing the strengths and weaknesses of a medium of communication? a. Using the same kind of language that communicators would use in a face-to-face conversation b. Quickly grasping whether a message is potentially unclear or ambiguous c. Using language void of emotion and feeling d. Using a communication medium that allows us to send and receive facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, and verbal inflection

c. Using language void of emotion and feeling

Which of the following strategies would be effective for ensuring competent intercultural communication prior to visiting another country? a. Reflect on and confirm your pre-existing biases regarding the host culture. b. Look for cues about appropriate behavior and adapt to the norms of the host culture. c. Visit the U.S. State Department website to conduct research.

c. Visit the U.S. State Department website to conduct research.

Which of the following statements about role-taking is NOT true? a. Role-taking is critical to positive interactions. b. We are role-taking when we do not talk about a particular person or subject, because we know it is annoying or steer the conversation toward an issue that we know our friend feels enthusiastic or positive about. c. We engage in role-taking when we brag about the new car we just purchased when chatting with a friend who does not own a car. d. Role-taking is the skill that allows communicators to stand in one another's shoes.

c. We engage in role-taking when we brag about the new car we just purchased when chatting with a friend who does not own a car.

hich of the following does NOT accurately describe asynchronous communication? a. Texting becomes asynchronous if users do not have their phones available or choose not to respond immediately. b. Because asynchronous communication occurs outside of the constraints of time and place, email is often asynchronous since we use it to send messages and wait for responses. c. While new media is dependent on whether users function in real-time or delayed mode, feedback is very timely when communication is asynchronous. d. While new media is dependent on whether users function in real-time or delayed mode, feedback is not as timely when communication is asynchronous.

c. While new media is dependent on whether users function in real-time or delayed mode, feedback is very timely when communication is asynchronous.

If you are aware of the people involved, your intended communication goal, the nature of the environment, and the physical setting of the interaction, then you are practicing which part of communication competence? a. You are motivated to communicate. b. You are actively building and developing your communication skills. c. You are aware of the appropriateness of certain communication in a particular context.

c. You are aware of the appropriateness of certain communication in a particular context. You are aware of the appropriateness of certain communication in a particular context.

Which of the following is an incorrect statement? a. Miriam's German beliefs and values play a role in how she acts toward James. b. Miriam's German lifestyle is related to how she treats James. c. Miriam's cultural behaviors are intertwined with the way she grew up in Germany. d. Miriam is genetically programmed to act in a cold and distant manner.

d. Miriam is genetically programmed to act in a cold and distant manner.

Considerations for the topic selection process Juan's persuasive speech advocating an unpopular and controversial position might be threatening or irritating to an audience and result in hostility or other negative feelings. a. use crowdsourcing to generate/test topics you are considering b. narrow topic for time allocated c. evaluate suitability of topic for audience d. consider ease of research for your topic e. begin considering what you already know

c. evaluate suitability of topic for audience

This example meets which business need? Cleveland, Ohio-based car dealerships created an online knowledge-sharing community, which allowed same-sized competing automobile dealers to anonymously share best practices and benchmarks with one another. a. customer service and outreach b. communication between departments c. keeping track of competition

c. keeping track of competition

What kind of persuasive speech is the example You argue that it should be illegal for American jewelers to purchase "blood diamonds," or foreign diamonds that were manufactured at the expense of human lives. a. definitional b. factual c. policy d. value

c. policy

Within a feminine culture, it is acceptable for both men and women to be a. egotistical and success-oriented. b. competitive and assertive. c. supportive and relationship-oriented.

c. supportive and relationship-oriented.

Each of the following scenarios exemplifies a characteristic of a good attitude toward public speaking. In an effort to practice her speech and ultimately work on how the information will sound when presented, Richa is simply telling others about her topic and what she plans to present. a. acknowledging the vulnerability in public speaking while understanding the value in others feedback b. creating and maintaining general positive regard for your audience c. understanding a conversational tone is ideal d. believing and reassuring yourself that you will succeed

c. understanding a conversational tone is ideal

What factor matches the example: Activitely participating in the ____ community. a. biological factor b. past experiences factor c. internal states factor d. identity factor

c? internalstates?

If you want to promote interactivity,

choose a new medium such as a Facebook status, blog, or microblog (e.g., Tweet) (Wyse, 2014).

Define roles:

clearly defined and specialized functions that each member of the team possess

Anthropologist Edward T. Hall, one of history's most recognized and respected scholars of culture, believed

communication and culture are inseparable. He argued that what we say, how we say it, what nonverbal messages we use, how close or distant we stand to others, how we dress, our views about time and punctuality, and the words and phrases we choose when communicating all reflect the cultures with which we identify (1959).

hate speech

communication that vilifies a person or a group based on discrimination against that person or group.

What are the two types of barriers to listening

contextual and personal

If you desire your audience to seek to relieve anxiety from the problem you have described to them, then you need to (create a sense of urgency in your audience/state the problem clearly/ provide evidence of the problem). If you want your audience to believe a certain problem is relevant or a threat to them, then you must(create a sense of urgency in your audience/state the problem clearly/ provide evidence of the problem). However, before all of this, you must (create a sense of urgency in your audience/state the problem clearly/provide evidence of the problem)

create urgency, provide evidence, state the problem clearly.

If Shonda's speaking goal was to introduce and then shape her audience's knowledge about what retirement planning is, her goal would be to (create/further/alter) their factual beliefs about retirement. However, if Shonda knew that her elderly audience members were planning their retirements based on investment advice that was a decade old, she would need to replace what they knew with state-of-the-art retirement planning. Her informative goal would be to(create/further/alter) their factual beliefs about retirement. Finally, if Shonda knew that her audience already had a basic understanding of financial planning and retirement savings, her presentation would offer them new information for their existing knowledge. Thus her informative goal would be to (create/further/alter) their factual beliefs about retirement.

create, alter, further

Define masculinity

cultures value competitiveness and achievement even at the expense of interpersonal relationships -direct, forceful communication is valued and appreciated -In public speaking situations,communicators will emphasize their expertise, speak assertively, and use nonverbal cues such as standing behind a podium or wearing clothing that communicates success and achievement.

what are the dangers of new media

cyberstalking, catfishing, cyberbullying

A group of communication students gave a persuasive presentation on the dangers of texting and driving to their class. They provided personal stories that were graphic and produced a great deal of fear and anxiety among members of the class because they realized how "close to home" this issue really was. By the end of the presentation, the audience looked depressed and distracted from the presentation's action plan. Which of the following insights on the use of fear appeals did this presenters not follow? a Be sure to announce a disclaimer before you make an appeal to fear. b Be sure to follow up any appeal to fear with a happy or uplifting story. c Be sure to leave out any mention of the word death in your appeal. d Be sure to use caution, and don't unnecessarily upset your audience.

d Be sure to use caution, and don't unnecessarily upset your audience.

Ema is preparing a presentation that outlines the work that her nonprofit has done to further various goals in the community with the assistance of several community partners. Her audience consists of current community partners, business leaders, city council members, and potential partners. During her presentation, Ema notices that several of the city council members appear resistant to her message. They are sighing, rolling their eyes, and sitting with their arms crossed. How should Ema adjust her presentation to reflect that this part of her audience disagrees with her position? a Ema should adopt a more passionate stance and advocate for her position as strongly as possible. b Ema should be straightforward and tell her audience exactly what she wants and needs from them. c Ema should explain her position and why she adopted it. d Ema should supply credible evidence and search for common ground.

d Ema should supply credible evidence and search for common ground.

A human resources representative from your company holds a town hall meeting to share news about a new insurance plan. In anticipation of objections from employees who are not happy about changing health care plans, he says, "I know that change can be very difficult. But this new plan was created with the specific needs of our employees in mind. Please be open to these changes." Which of the following strategies is he employing? a He is focusing only on the most important objections. b He is providing a context. c He is using a two-sided argument with refutation. d He is inoculating against counterarguments.

d He is inoculating against counterarguments.

Which of these most clearly shows Step 4 of Monroe's Motivated Sequence, to help the audience visualize satisfaction? a Our organization retains individuals who specialize in philosophy, communication, anthropology, sociology, and other relevant disciples and who offer top-quality medical consulting supplementation. b You can become a part of this exciting vision today by contacting our services director and indicating your interest in retaining us to train your consultants. c Communication consultants often lack proper training themselves, especially in matters of ethics, empathy, compassion, and other-oriented communication. d Increased patient satisfaction would mean fewer complaints and conflicts, resulting in higher staff morale, less demand on administrative resources, and more efficient patient processing

d Increased patient satisfaction would mean fewer complaints and conflicts, resulting in higher staff morale, less demand on administrative resources, and more efficient patient processing

Ema's initial presentation to the potential partner focuses on all of the exciting things that her nonprofit has done for the community, such as policy changes they have helped create and advantages that partnership with them has brought to other partner entities. Which of the following goals of persuasive speaking is most relevant to Ema's presentation? a Influencing beliefs b Influencing values c Influencing behavior d Influencing attitudes

d Influencing attitudes

Martha wants to speak about cars because she has been selling cars for over a decade. She feels she is an expert in this area and isn't sure if she should incorporate some support into her speech. What would you suggest for Martha? a Martha doesn't need any support because she is an expert, and the audience will believe her. b Martha should explain how cars have been a hobby of hers for years and how her family has been selling cars for several generations. c Martha should tell several stories of car sales to prove her knowledge. d Martha should support her points with facts, data, experts' claims, and others' experiences. e Martha should bring her records of car sales to prove her knowledge.

d Martha should support her points with facts, data, experts' claims, and others' experiences.

Which one of the following items is NOT an effective way to conclude an informative presentation? a Illustration or application b Tie-in to the introduction c Appeal d Personal opinion

d Personal opinion

Rashann begins his presentation: "An inspirational student once yelled from the rooftop: 'We are students, we are alive, we are smart, and we are capable.' As we are all students in this room, it's necessary that we talk about what elements make a student successful. I have struggled much with how I can better succeed as a student. I am here today to tell exactly how you can be a successful student." Which of the objectives of effective introductions has Rashann neglected to do as he begins his speech? a Capture the audience's attention. b Provide listeners with a reason to listen. c Establish your credibility. d Preview your topic and what you plan to share with your audience.

d Preview your topic and what you plan to share with your audience.

Which of the following would NOT fit with the goals of an informative speech? a Explaining how to apply for a loan to a remedial financial planning class b Utilizing data from a recent scientific study instead of one that is 20 years old c Including information from a recently declassified government document d Reviewing facts and data that the audience had read in last week's memo

d Reviewing facts and data that the audience had read in last week's memo

Kendra agreed to go out on a date with James. Afterward, Kendra realized that she didn't quite like James as much as she thought she did. Although Kendra expressed this to him, James still liked Kendra. Instead of respecting Kendra's decision, James continued to call her phone and show up at her house and the office where she works. Which of the following dysfunctional behaviors is being described in this situation? a Cyberstalking b Intimate partner violence c Jealousy d Stalking

d Stalking

Sendaya wants to ask her audience for money to contribute to her campaign fund. She knows that leaving the audience thinking about the most recently discussed issue will support her goal. What speech order concept is Sendaya considering? a The primacy effect b The audience effect c The local effect d The recency effect

d The recency effect

Why is it important to inoculate against counter-arguments? a It is important to focus solely on your advocacy message. b It is the strategy most effective in minimizing resistance. c Because audience members are receptive to emotional appeals. d This is how you dismantle objections before they arise.

d This is how you dismantle objections before they arise.

Each of the following scenarios exemplifies a characteristic of a good attitude toward public speaking. To boost his confidence before his speech presentation day, Miles reads a motivational book that includes inspiring messages of self-belief and self-assurance. a. acknowledging the vulnerability in public speaking while understanding the value in others feedback b. creating and maintaining general positive regard for your audience c. understanding a conversational tone is ideal d. believing and reassuring yourself that you will succeed

d. believing and reassuring yourself that you will succeed

Studies have shown several facts about recipients and message context to be true. Which is incorrect? a. The topic of your message may or may not be suited to new media. b. In your social and personal relationships, gender may have a lot to do with what people prefer when it comes to using new media, such as text and instant messaging. c. The recipient's age and his or her media usage habits are also important to consider. d, In thinking about the intended receivers for your message, it is important to be self-centered in your media choices.

d, In thinking about the intended receivers for your message, it is important to be self-centered in your media choices.

Which of the following quotes indicates technophobia? a. "Take a look at the pictures on my MySpace page!" b. "You'll never see me on Facebook; it is just a way for people to spy on me. I prefer email." c. "I never check my voicemail. If you need to get in touch, just text or email me." d. "I want nothing to do with the Internet or computers; it's all too complicated for me."

d. "I want nothing to do with the Internet or computers; it's all too complicated for me."

Which of the following best explain why the transactional model of communication is more realistic than the linear model? a. It does not see communication as simple and moving in one direction. b. It takes any communication as dependent on multiple factors, including context, relationship between communicators, and the medium of communication. c. It allows for the possibility of a communicator using multiple channels. d. A, B, and C.

d. A, B, and C. All three answers describe why the transactional model of communication is a realistic model of communication.

Anita went to Iran and refused to wear a head covering as all the other women in the country do. Which of the following guidelines is she not adhering to? a. Use labels and generalizations with caution. b. Attempt to be more tolerant of ambiguity. c. Prepare for travel by learning about the culture you will visit. d. Adapt to the norms of your host culture.

d. Adapt to the norms of your host culture.

Alix is the maid of honor at her best friend's wedding. She has a toast to prepare for the reception that will be held in the basement of the church right after the ceremony. Which of the following should be her approach to writing the speech? a. Alix should write about her own inability to find a suitable romantic partner. b. Alix loves a good celebrity roast and has decided to prepare a funny, but racy, monologue. She is especially excited to tell the jokes she's prepared about her friend's ex-boyfriends. c. Alix should talk about why love is wonderful and why divorce is a terrible ill in today's culture, reminding her friend that divorce should be avoided at all costs. d. Alix should prepare a lighthearted speech that talks about how well suited the bride and groom are for each other and wishing them both the best.

d. Alix should prepare a lighthearted speech that talks about how well suited the bride and groom are for each other and wishing them both the best. The reception should be fun, so the speech should help keep the mood upbeat. Celebrating the bride and groom is the right message to send immediately after the wedding.

Every speech a person gives has a specific purpose behind it. For example, Jill, a marketing analyst for a soft drink manufacturer, gave a keynote speech to her company in 2012 on the importance of Facebook in marketing to consumers aged seventeen to twenty-one years old. In 2014, Jill reassembled many of the same listeners from her 2012 speech to tell them that Facebook was seldom used by this demographic anymore, and she described how social media such as Instagram and Tumblr were the primary media the company now relied on to tactically reach young consumers. Which type of speech does this example best represent? a. A specialized presentation b. A persuasive speech c. An entertaining speech d. An informative speech

d. An informative speech

One day, Geoff's name reappeared on Elizabeth's contacts list. Although she was excited by the sight of his name, she had multiple interpretations for this too. "Is he making 'virtual' eye contact with me? Will I hear from him? Is he hoping to hear from me?"Before they broke up, Elizabeth and Geoff communicated face-to-face and did not often depend on instant messaging services to communicate. Which statement is true about the communication used by Elizabeth and Geoff before they broke up? a. When they are in an online setting, they are able to observe important cues from one another. b. The degree of synchronicity is not dependent on whether they use real-time or delayed modes. c. The timeliness of their feedback does not depend on the medium they select and how they use it. d. As synchronous communicators, they can ask questions, get instant feedback, and immediately confirm that messages are being received and understood.

d. As synchronous communicators, they can ask questions, get instant feedback, and immediately confirm that messages are being received and understood.

Lorelei and Thomas have been best friends since they were in grade school and are in a new phase of their relationship now that they are both attending different colleges apart from one another. Lorelei has always prided herself on the fact that she's "had Thomas's back," always, no matter what he has been through. From terrible parenting to angry ex-girlfriends, to bullies, to Thomas having been cheated out of almost every opportunity—Lorelei has listened to him and supported his feelings. The more they communicate remotely via email, chat, and phone, the more perspective Lorelei has gotten on Thomas as a messenger, as well as the various contexts in which he complains or insists that he has been made a victim in some way. As she listens to him, Lorelei recognizes that Thomas seems incapable of understanding anyone's point of view as he feels threatened or slighted. In addition, he seems incapable of taking personal responsibility for failures in his life, nor does he give credit to anyone but himself when he experiences success. In general, the point of critical listening and critical thinking is to __________. a. Be skeptical of everyone you communicate with b. Question anything peop

d. Ask questions about source credibility in messages

You are director of human resources at a K.S. Miller, a small engineering firm. The CEO has just informed you that the company is about to go bankrupt. In order to help save the firm, he has asked you to cut 25 percent of staff by the end of the week. While you want to choose the quickest and most convenient method of communication, it is vital to critically evaluate and select the medium that will help you accomplish your communication goals—without causing mass chaos within the company. What is the best way to approach your communication goals? a. Post the news on the company's intranet page. b. Post the news on the company's Facebook page. c. Text the news to all employees being laid off for convenience and speed of delivery. d. Call an all-staff meeting to deliver the news face to face.

d. Call an all-staff meeting to deliver the news face to face.

Jamal is considering the conclusion of his speech. He wants it to be strong, and he wants to ensure he keeps the audience engaged until the very end — he doesn't want to lose their attention. What is Jamal's best approach to ensure the audience follows him to the end of his speech? a. Ask three or four questions to be sure the audience is listening. b. Show a movie clip. c. Bring up new information in the conclusion. d. Circle back to the attention-getting story about the farmer and the local store owner who helped the farmer save his crop.

d. Circle back to the attention-getting story about the farmer and the local store owner who helped the farmer save his crop.

Which of the following statements about co-cultures is false? a. Co-cultures cater to the beliefs of a specific group. b. Co-cultures reflect unique beliefs and interests. c. Co-cultures influence how we think and act. d. Co-cultures do not have an impact on our relationships.

d. Co-cultures do not have an impact on our relationships.

Suppose someone argues that there is no such thing as a police brutality problem in America and makes the following claims: "Everyone knows" that police everywhere are the people who are in danger on a daily basis; the liberal media has exaggerated the number of civilians hurt and killed to sell the news; experts agree that thugs and communist agitators egg on and harass the police. In this case, what critical listening strategy would be most useful? a. Try to put yourself in this individual's position. b. Assess the situation in which this conversation unfolds. c. Consider the credibility of this individual. d. Consider this individual's ideas and evidence.

d. Consider this individual's ideas and evidence

You've had a long day at work and didn't have time to eat your lunch. By the time you get home, you haven't eaten since breakfast and it's almost dinner time. Your roommate asks how your day was and you snap at him or her because you think it's an annoying question. What factor is influencing your perception of your roommate? a. Identity b. Biological factors c. Past experiences d. Current internal states

d. Current internal states

Danielle is presenting a prototype of a product to her client in one hour. However, her partner, Liz, has not made the required changes to the prototype. Danielle also has questions about other adjustments that should be made. Which of the following communication methods is the best option for Danielle? a. Danielle sends Liz an instant message. b. Danielle sends Liz a text message. c. Danielle e-mails Liz and marks the e-mail with "High Importance." d. Danielle calls Liz.

d. Danielle calls Liz.

Dave, a leadership development trainer, is asked to speak to a corporate audience on a topic he is familiar with. He wants to ensure the audience trusts him. Which scenario below would BEST support Dave's goal of achieving audience trust? a. Dave should invite a guest speaker to present the highlights of what he knows so someone else confirms his information. b. Dave should ask someone from the audience to provide examples to help the speech along. c. Because Dave is an expert in leadership development, he should be careful not to tell the audience too much about what he does so they don't think he's egotistical and will trust him. d. Dave should announce during his speech that he is a leadership development trainer, understands the research and theory on great leadership, and has practiced leadership in real-world settings like the audience's own workplace. Dave should show a Youtube video that explains the necessary skills for being a corporate leader.

d. Dave should announce during his speech that he is a leadership development trainer, understands the research and theory on great leadership, and has practiced leadership in real-world settings like the audience's own workplace.

Indicate which of the following has NOT been a factor that has affected globalization. a. Improved transportation b. Growth of global media c. Improved technology d. Decreased mobility of labor

d. Decreased mobility of labor

Your company plans to send you to Beijing to meet with several new clients. Before you leave, your boss tells you to prepare for the intercultural situations you may encounter on your trip. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. It is important to understand that touching anyone in your meetings may be considered offensive. b. Keep in mind that it is crucial to always adapt to the practices of another culture. c. Be sure to avoid small talk while eating as those living in some Asian countries do not like to converse during meals. d. If you have preexisting biases of the Asian culture, it is not necessary to let go of these biases.

d. If you have preexisting biases of the Asian culture, it is not necessary to let go of these biases.

Tony is giving a presentation that he hopes will persuade employees to sign up for the company's new health insurance plan. He tells his audience to go home and consider the plan, saying, "While our new plan is more expensive than the old company plan, it covers a lot more and will actually be less expensive for your family in the long run." Tony is using which of the following strategies to maximize persuasiveness? a. Providing a context b. Using a two-sided argument with refutation c. Focusing on the most important objections d. Inoculating against counterarguments

d. Inoculating against counterarguments

Looking back on her negative breakup experience with Geoff, Elizabeth realizes that moving forward, she has the ability to evaluate media and make good selections by examining their richness. As her good friend, you very much want to help her improve her experiences with her next boyfriend. Consequently, you take it upon yourself to guide her through the process of understanding how to make good media selections. Which of the following statements is false -- and important for Elizabeth to understand? a. It is important for Elizabeth to understand that lean media are reliant mostly on text and permit little or no exchange of affect, instant feedback, or important nonverbal cues. b. It is important for Elizabeth to understand that lean media are the media least capable of facilitating understanding. c. It is important for Elizabeth to understand that rich media are capable of facilitating understanding. d. It is important for Elizabeth to understand that rich media come close to simulating face-to-face communication and allow for the exchange of nonverbal information, emotion, and slow feedback.

d. It is important for Elizabeth to understand that rich media come close to simulating face-to-face communication and allow for the exchange of nonverbal information, emotion, and slow feedback.

Which of the following groups is NOT an example of a co-culture? a. Cat lovers b. Latter-day Saints c. Vegetarians d. Men

d. Men

James is a 35-year-old male living in Austin, Texas. He is an attorney, follows a vegan diet, considers himself a devout Catholic, and owns four poodles. James's deep love of poodles has led him to create a club just for poodle owners. This club meets at a local dog park every Saturday morning for doggy playtime, walks, and socializing for poodle owners. 01 Question 1 Which of the following best defines culture? a. How individuals are related through birth. b. The lifestyles led by individuals. c. How individuals follow rules. d. One's beliefs, values, lifestyle, rules, preferences, and behaviors.

d. One's beliefs, values, lifestyle, rules, preferences, and behaviors.

Which of the following statements about cultural memberships is correct? a. Feminine cultures do not value compassion, empathy, and close relationships. b. Polychronic people are not flexible in terms of starting times. c. Masculine cultures do not value achievement and competitiveness. d. People of monochronic cultures like to only do one thing at a time.

d. People of monochronic cultures like to only do one thing at a time.

Which statement accurately describes low power distance cultures? a. Members of low power distance cultures are unlikely to question the actions and statements of people with a lot of power or of high rank in society, at work, or within the family. b. Examples of low power distance cultures include Singapore, France, and Brazil. c. Lower ranking members of groups in low power distance cultures will not seek out interaction with high-ranking members and would not be likely to debate or argue with a professor, a physician, an older individual, or a manager at work. d. People tend to communicate in ways that promote equality and diminish the barriers between people that status and rank create.

d. People tend to communicate in ways that promote equality and diminish the barriers between people that status and rank create.

What form of fallacy: "Last year, our management team implemented their plan to cut costs, and our profit margin has increased nearly 20%. Let's take a minute to thank them for bringing that success to our company." a. appeal to misplaced authority b. Ad hominem c. Forced dichotomy d. Post hoc ergo propter hoc e.Straw person f.Hasty generalization

d. Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Role-taking can be very difficult for communicators using new media. Which statement is false about role-taking? a. The receiver's state of mind or environment at a particular moment can dictate how a message is interpreted. b. Sarcasm can be easily misinterpreted. c. The same person may interpret a joke in different ways. d. Role-taking occurs when we talk about a particular person or subject.

d. Role-taking occurs when we talk about a particular person or subject.

Denise and her friends are at a baseball game, seated next to fans of the opposing team. Each time it's the opposing team's turn to bat, the other fans taunt them about how much better their lineup is than Denise's team. After a couple of innings, Denise and her friends leave their seats to go buy snacks or walk around in other parts of the stadium. Which of the following principles most closely relates to their actions? a. Selective attention b. Selective perception c. Selective recall d. Selective exposure

d. Selective exposure By choosing to leave their seats when the other fans taunt them, Denise and her friends are choosing not to expose themselves to something that may conflict with their positions as fans.

If Joanna reflects on what specific qualities she really wants to present to others, and then works to determine verbal and nonverbal messages that will express them, which 2 steps of self-presentation is she engaging in. a. Execute the strategy and modifying negative perceptions b. Set a goal and modifying negative perceptions c. Execute the strategy and evaluating results d. Set a goal and create a strategy

d. Set a goal and create a strategy

Which of the following would NOT be influenced by co-cultural membership? a. Our approach to hugging and kissing b. Our thoughts on politics c. Our ideas about marriage and divorce d. The family we are born into

d. The family we are born into

Lorelei and Thomas have been best friends since they were in grade school and are in a new phase of their relationship now that they are both attending different colleges apart from one another. Lorelei has always prided herself on the fact that she's "had Thomas's back," always, no matter what he has been through. From terrible parenting to angry ex-girlfriends, to bullies, to Thomas having been cheated out of almost every opportunity—Lorelei has listened to him and supported his feelings. What aspect of their relationship might be preventing Lorelei from critically listening to Thomas when they communicate? a. Lorelei is too proud of herself as a loyal, supportive good friend. b. Thomas has been intentionally manipulating Lorelei for pity and understanding. c. Thomas has had too unhealthy and unfortunate of an upbringing to be helped. d. Thomas and his friendship have made Lorelei easily accept his messages.

d. Thomas and his friendship have made Lorelei easily accept his messages. *Attractive or familiar messengers or communicators can lead individuals to passively accept messages.

Jamal is going to create the body of the speech. He is going to talk about three community resources that will support the community members. What is the best way for Jamal to organize this information? a. Chronological b. Suspenseful c. Sequential d. Topical

d. Topical

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of perception? a. Organization b. Interpretation c. Selection d. Understanding

d. Understanding

What do these studies as a whole imply about new media and interpersonal communication? a. Constant connection through social media can make up for a lack of time spent face-to-face. b. Relational stress and social burnout is caused by social media use. c. Couples who are in love will text each other frequently. d. Using new media for interpersonal communication is not necessarily bad.

d. Using new media for interpersonal communication is not necessarily bad.

Chronemics, or the study of the use of time as a form of communication, would be appropriate in which of the following situations? a.Your best friend asks you what time it is in a loud, angry voice. b. Your blind date touches his watch numerous times throughout dinner. c. Your professor sends the class an email about the date for the midterm. d. Your father calls you on your cell phone at 4:00 in the morning

d. Your father calls you on your cell phone at 4:00 in the morning

Explain how the transaction occurs in the transactional model

during interactions, communicators mutually influence one another—making the process a transaction in which all communicators are affected in some way. Let us look at the characteristics of the transactional model more closely:

Each of the following scenarios exemplifies a characteristic of a good attitude toward public speaking. Sam has been working with injured pets for more than 10 years. He grew up on a farm and is completing veterinary school. He is going to deliver a speech asking his audience to donate to the local no-kill animal shelter. a. acknowledging the vulnerability in public speaking while understanding the value in others feedback b. creating and maintaining general positive regard for your audience c. understanding a conversational tone is ideal d. believing that you have something important and worthwhile to share

d. believing that you have something important and worthwhile to share

Drag and drop each linear framework to match it with the correct example. Juan delivers a sequential speech to college freshman in which he describes the numerous steps needed to register for classes. He begins with the first step and concludes with the last step. a problem solution b topical c cause and effect d. chronological

d. chronological A chronological presentation relies on time-based sequencing.

If people perceive your words or gestures as fake or insincere, they will generally form a bad impression of you despite your strategy. Therefore, you should never _______. a. embellish your stories or use humor b. rehearse a speech before you give it c. experiment with new communication strategies d. communicate in ways that are uncomfortable or not genuine for you

d. communicate in ways that are uncomfortable or not genuine for you

Considerations for the topic selection process Belle wants to speak about a new food additive. It is still so new that not much has been written about it. Belle realizes this topic might not work. a. use crowdsourcing to generate/test topics you are considering b. narrow topic for time allocated c. evaluate suitability of topic for audience d. consider ease of research for your topic e. begin considering what you already know

d. consider ease of research for your topic

The final step of the linear model of communication is... a. being influenced by sociocultural differences. b. perception of the message. c. responding to the message. d. decoding and assigning meaning to the message.

d. decoding and assigning meaning to the message. Correct. This is the final step in the linear model.

Each of the following scenarios exemplifies one of the cultural dimensions explored in this module. Drag and drop the most appropriate dimension of culture and place it next to the appropriate scenario. Margit is from Berlin. She tends to communicate in ways that promote equality. It is important for her to always diminish the barriers between people that status and rank can create. a. polychronic b. masculine c. feminine d. low power distance e high power distance f high context g collectivist h monochronic i individualist

d. low power distance

Communication is: a. talking b. forceful c. receptive d. a simultaneous, interactive process.

d. simultaneous, interactive process.

The beginning of a good speech is intentful and well-developed. Each element of the beginning must __________. a. make the audience laugh b. make the audience consider changing their behavior in some way c. capture the audience's attention d. support the speaker-audience-topic connection

d. support the speaker-audience-topic connection

The goal of effective self-presentation is: a. to prevent you from making attribution errors b. to discover what kind of person you are c. to persuade others to change their minds d. to make positive, appropriate first impressions

d. to make positive, appropriate first impressions

What time of informative presentation is this: A local Starbucks manager oversees employees engaging in exercises that will allow them to open discussions with customers about race relations in America. a. instructional b.brief report c. demonstration d. training session

d. training session

What time of informative presentation is this: A local Starbucks manager introduces the new "Race Together" initiative and explains in detail how employees will begin discussing issues of race to customers. a. instructional b.brief report c. demonstration d. training session

d. training session

What kind of persuasive speech is the example You make the claim that Walmart is a terrible business for small communities because of its low wages and disinterest in the towns surrounding its stores. a. definitional b. factual c. policy d. value

d. value

Our co-cultural memberships affect the way we approach communication activities such as

dating, marriage, friendship, relationships with people at work, nonverbal communication such as eye contact or touch, and the way we organize messages

What is intimate partner violence?

describes physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse. This type of violence can occur among heterosexual or same-sex couples and does not require sexual intimac actual or threatened violent crimes against people by current or former spouses, cohabitating partners, bf or gf. *women who were physically abused or assulted as children are more likely to PERPETUATE this form of abuse on others and report this abuse

instructional presentation

designed to provide listeners with an in depth knowledge on a topic ex: lecture -instructional building knowledge based

digital media operate on

digital codes

define digital media

digital codes including digitized photographs, video, or written words in which a tremendous amount is stored in a very small amount of space (ex: SD card for phone)

define new media

digital or networked information and communication technologies that have emerged since the latter part of the twentieth century

ameela has worked her way through the entire course by skipping the text and jumping straight to the activities, which she enjoys. When she doesn't get an answer right on one of the activities, she tries the other answers until she discovers the correct one. Unfortunately, she does not pass the final exam and has to retake it. "Oh well," she sighs. "Back to the drawing board." Once again, she opens the first unit, skips the text, and goes straight to the activities. Jameela has failed to: a. properly assess the task. b. accurately evaluate her own strengths and weaknesses. c. plan an effective strategy for working through the course. d. successfully monitor her own performance. e. adjust her approach.

e. adjust her approach.

Considerations for the topic selection process For Kathleen's first informative speech to her college public speaking class, she is considering talking about her experience as a snowboarder on the U.S. Olympic Team. a. use crowdsourcing to generate/test topics you are considering b. narrow topic for time allocated c. evaluate suitability of topic for audience d. consider ease of research for your topic e. begin considering what you already know

e. begin considering what you already know

What is the recency effect

end the body of speech with the most compelling evidence MOST EFFECTIVE

What initiates a relationship audition

engaging in small talk that provides minimal amounts of highly controlled self-disclosure

As an audience member, Saraden considers all elements of a presentation. When she considers the characteristics of the speaker, she is focused on -( logos /pathos/ ethos ). When Saraden considers the emotional connection between her and the speaker, she is focused on (logos/ pathos/ ethos) . When Saraden considers the logical reasoning used by the speaker, she is focused on (logos/ pathos /ethos ) .

ethos pathos logos

Each of the following scenarios exemplifies one of the cultural dimensions explored in this module. Drag and drop the most appropriate dimension of culture and place it next to the appropriate scenario. Bruce oversees a team of 35. While at work, he believes in the power of silence in making a point. He is not interested in telling people what to do and think, or how to do their jobs. Instead, he believes in letting others make their own decisions. a. polychronic b. masculine c. feminine d. low power distance e high power distance f high context g collectivist h monochronic i individualist

f. high context

A speaker's attitude does not contribute to effective public speaking. TRUE or FALSE?

false

It is not necessary to create a written list of citations when preparing an oral presentation. TRUE or FALSE? True False

false

Juan has set the goal of getting a job as a local news anchor and believes he has an effective strategy for interviewing for employment. In order for Juan to execute his strategy and evaluate the results of his interview, he must look for (self-concept, feedback, opportunity, confidence) from his interviewers. If Juan believes he has given a negative impression during any part of the interview, he may be able to modify this negative impression only if he changes his (self-concept, strategy, eye contact) In going back through the four-part process of self-presentation, Juan may discover that his goal of "getting a job" is not specific enough and that he must identify the (Factors, Emotions, Goals, Attributes) he wants the interviewers to assign to his answers and behavior.

feedback, strategy, and attributes

Team building

formal activities that encourage team members to closely examine their process of working together in an effort to maximize quality and effectiveness.

When people make the _______________error, they do not give us the benefit of the doubt

fundamental attribution error, (They assume that our more negative characteristics are a result of our personality and that our positive characteristics are simply our response to external factors.)

Each of the following scenarios exemplifies one of the cultural dimensions explored in this module. Drag and drop the most appropriate dimension of culture and place it next to the appropriate scenario. Juanita is a 25-year-old schoolteacher. Though she makes enough money to support herself, she plans on living with her parents and grandparents in Mexico City until she marries. She has never questioned this arrangement because she knows her family would disapprove of her moving out on her own. a. polychronic b. masculine c. feminine d. low power distance e high power distance f high context g collectivist h monochronic i individualist

g. collectivist

The process of communication begins with a _____

goal What do you want to accomplish? Many communicators enter into interactions without a clear understanding of what they hope will happen, and they rarely leave feeling satisfied or understood

Define informative presentations

goal is to teach people something that has some basis in fact -it is educational -it is designed to create, further, or alter audiences factual beliefs about a topic

Define fundamental attribution error

he mistake we make when we attribute other people's positive characteristics and successes to external, situational factors, and their negative characteristics and failures to aspects of who they are. For example, we may attribute a friend's successes to luck, easy instructors, and the fact that they have more money or resources than we do (all external, situational factors). However, what if your friend is successful because she works hard and is highly motivated? Similarly, we may determine that the group member who does not show up to a meeting and is hard to contact may be lazy and disinterested or even a poor student (all personal, internal characteristics reflective of who the individual really is). What if the student is, in fact, typically, highly dependable and motivated but is having a difficult time concentrating on academics right now, because a close relative is terminally ill (an external, situational factor)?

define synchronous communication

involves instant replies and back-and-forth, real-time interaction. For example, texting and instant messaging allow for synchronous communication. As long as two people are available to read and respond to messages immediately, the communication remains synchronous. Communicators can ask questions, get instant feedback, and immediately confirm that messages are being received and understood

keylogging

involves sending electronic viruses, and tracing another person's computer and Internet activity through illegally placed devices and software designed to detect all of the keystrokes that an individual types on his or her personal computer. describes the use of tools to track others and obtain passwords and other data.

Spamming

involves sending large volumes of junk mail to intended victims. a particular type of electronic aggression in which large amounts of useless messages are sent to disrupt the recipient's ability to send and receive wanted messages.

Define intercultural communication

is communication between and among people and groups across national, ethnic, and other cultural boundaries.

flaming

is(are) online verbal abuse on social media sites or through instant messaging and email. describes a particular type of electronic aggression that involves messages meant to anger and frustrate a recipient.

What are the three destructive roles assigned or emerge on a team?

isolation, block innovation of new ideas, and extinguish morale

define power language

language that conveys your own belief in, and attachment to, what you say.

The transmission of information over traditional channels is (networked, linear) because users can receive, but not send, information.

linear

examples of low context orientation

managers, for example, tend to spoon-feed material to their direct reports, leaving them very little to figure out on their own. teachers take a similar approach with their students. They will be exact, verbally precise, and clear. communicators may be perceived as excessively detailed, and in situations that call for evidence (such as public speaking and business presentations), they will rely on extensive statistics, facts, and figures to help support their case.

What biological factors impact how you perceive others?

memorable messages height vison/hearing

By contrast,(traditional, new media) allow for two-way communication between the source of the information and the user.

new media

Opinion leaders and innovators in organizations tend to be among the first to use `

new media for communication

You have a neighbor who has been playing loud music late into the night, preventing you from falling asleep. You like your neighbor and want to maintain a good relationship with him, but you need more sleep in order to get up early and function effectively at work the next day. Therefore, you want to create a friendly but assertive impression that preserves the relationship and helps you communicate your clear message: "Turn down your music at night." Indicate whether the following would be appropriate (yes) or inappropriate (no). You confront your neighbor late at night. You make it clear to your neighbor that you are within your rights to call the police for violating a noise ordinance. Yes No

no

You have a neighbor who has been playing loud music late into the night, preventing you from falling asleep. You like your neighbor and want to maintain a good relationship with him, but you need more sleep in order to get up early and function effectively at work the next day. Therefore, you want to create a friendly but assertive impression that preserves the relationship and helps you communicate your clear message: "Turn down your music at night." Indicate whether the following would be appropriate (yes) or inappropriate (no). You go to immediately confront your neighbor as soon as you are awakened. You demand that he shut the music off. Yes No

no

You have a neighbor who has been playing loud music late into the night, preventing you from falling asleep. You like your neighbor and want to maintain a good relationship with him, but you need more sleep in order to get up early and function effectively at work the next day. Therefore, you want to create a friendly but assertive impression that preserves the relationship and helps you communicate your clear message: "Turn down your music at night." Indicate whether the following would be appropriate (yes) or inappropriate (no). You wake your neighbor up the next morning and bargain with him until you both agree that as long as he doesn't wake you late at night, you won't wake him early in the morning when you get ready for work. No Yes

no

Do we typically make the fundamental attribution error with our own selves? a. yes b. no

no - the self serving bias

cyberstalking

nvolves using the Internet to threaten or communicate in unwanted ways with another. might target their victims through email, chat rooms, message boards, and social media sites.

define asynchronous communication

occurs outside of the constraints of time and place. Email is often this because we use it to send messages and wait for responses when receivers are not at their communication devices or are simply not available. Most new media are flexible in the degree of synchronicity they allow—it is dependent on whether users function in real-time or delayed mode (e.g., although texting can be synchronous, it becomes asynchronous if a user does not have his or her phone available or chooses not to respond immediately).

Describe virtual work/organization

one with no centralized physical space: employees work from different locations and collaborate with colleagues using new media.

A person's orientation to communicating, and communicating well, influences:

one's ability to collaborate effectively, solve problems, and generally get along with others.

What is flaming

online abuse on social media sites or through instant messaging or email

closure

our ability to fill in missing information to complete a perception.

Define Pathos

passion the ability to arouse emotion within the audience. -a competent speaker will highlight characteristics of his or her subject and use appeals designed to provoke the emotion he or she feels is most appropriate for generating the desired decision or action from the audience.

What things have impact on how you percieve others?

past experiences and relationships senses (hearing, vision)

define low power distance

people tend to communicate in ways that promote equality and diminish the barriers between people that status and rank create

A culture that values individualism values

people who are assertive and speak for themselves, independent, and not reliant on others to any great extent. Individualists tend to remain somewhat emotionally disconnected or distant from others.

what is the psychological reactance theory

persuasive messages threaten an audience's feeling of freedom to think, believe, and act as they wish. This threat is one of the primary explanations for why people resist influence messages. As a result of the fear that they are being talked into doing something they do not want to do, people will reassert their freedom by putting down the source of the persuasion and/or rebelling against the recommended attitude, belief, or behavior. In other words, psychological reactance is a negative response to persuasion that motivates resistance to the persuasive message.

define high power distance

place a great deal of value on social rank and status associated with certain occupations or political offices

A speech on improving global water quality first argues for the need to increase access to clean water in order to fight world disease, and then it argues that the rising cost of bottled water for middle class families should be controlled. This speech is an example of using the __________ to organize points. recency effect primacy effect

primacy his example shows that leading with the strongest argument is attention-grabbing.

Fritz is now thinking about the organization of his speech. Naturally, he will need to consider the body. To connect the speaker to the audience, Fritz knows the body of the speech will act as the bridge. If Fritz organizes the body by way of a choice, that would be a (topical/spatial/chronological/pro-con) order. If Fritz organizes the body by way of how a room is designed, that would be a (topical/spatial/chronological/pro-con) order. If Fritz organizes the body by way of a historic timeline, that would be a (topical/spatial/chronological/pro-con) order. Fritz can always decide to create main points of the speech by way of separate elements. This would be the (topical/spatial/chronological/pro-con) order.

pro-con, spatial, chronological, topical

What does encoding mean"

refers to a psychological process in which the sender of a message assigns symbols, such as words, sounds, or gestures, to his or her thoughts and feelings.

What is noise in the context of communication

refers to any auditory, visual, or psychological distraction that interferes with the sending and receiving of messages. *can be your own thoughts!

Define context

refers to how much the message being communicated is understood through the communicator's awareness of the environment and nonverbal cues

Describe communication competence:

refers to one's ability to "choose among available communicative behaviors to accomplish one's goals during an encounter"

Define Ethnocentrism

refers to the belief that one's own culture and lifestyle are superior to all others. -beliefs can limit our ability to communicate competently in most, if not all, circumstances

define networking

refers to the connections among devices and the people who use them. Networking is sometimes facilitated by hardware. Internet may be the easiest way to understand the concept. Being connected to the Internet allows us to access websites, exchange instant messages and emails with others, and even access computers and communication devices remotely. Additionally, technological infrastructures in the workplace allow employees to share data on one another's computers. Cloud-based applications such as Google Drive, Dropbox, and iCloud also enable networking but do not require users to maintain the hardware of traditional computer networks—just their own devices. The next time you collaborate with a group, think of how much longer your project would take to complete if you had to meet with them in person to discuss every issue related to your project. Consider the convenience of using apps such as Google Hangouts, FaceTime, or Skype for holding virtual meetings.

What does context mean?

refers to the environment and situation in which communication occurs. Examples of communication contexts include the family, the classroom, the workplace, and intimate contexts such as marriage, close friendships, or significant, committed relationships

what is the locus of causation

refers to whether the communicator's behavior was motivated by an internal state (such as intelligence, compassion, or honesty) or an external factor (such as resources, luck, favoritism, or the situation). Similarly, keep in mind that others evaluate your motives as well.

define co-cultures

reflect the unique beliefs, ways of thinking, communication patterns and styles, and customs of members of particular groups that exist within the umbrella culture.

what is an imagined interaction

rehearse your role in a convo that can be taken negatively in your head

dyadic relationships

relationship between 2 people

define femininity

relationships, compassion, and nurturing are highly valued. cooperation, listening, and showing empathy are important communication skills -Nonverbally, members will touch others, smile, and stand closer to others more often - speakers will build rapport with others, and they will use nonverbal cues that diminish the distance between themselves and other communicators.

define lean media

reliant mostly on text and permit little or no exchange of affect, instant feedback, or important nonverbal cues. least capable of facilitating understanding

examples of high context communication

rely more on nonverbal communication than straightforward verbal messages. They understand the power of silence in making a point, and they will rely on the physical setting more often than words to communicate meaning. communicators, being less interested in telling people what to do and think or how to do something, are more likely to let others make up their own mind based on the interaction.

BEcoming an effective listener is an essential part of __________________________ ________________________ ________________________

strengthening interpersonal relationships

what are sensory aids

supporting devices to a speech that appeal to the 5 senses

What are some examples of logos

surveys, statistical; evidence, trainings, facts, reputation (job title), sources, facts,

EXample of student baggage with linear model:

t. After Macy left her professor's office, she wondered if he meant that she should read the chapters more than once, or whether she should outline the chapters or just read the chapters more slowly. In other words, she realized that "It is very important for you to read the textbook" was a vague message that could be interpreted in a variety of ways. Additionally, Macy had a competing agenda: She wanted to do well in the class, but she also had a job and a social life. After leaving her professor's office, those competing "voices" started telling her to reject the message. She even thought to herself, "Well, that professor really does not like me and just wants me to waste my time." In this manner, Macy's "baggage," unrelated to her class or professor, was interfering with the interaction.

define monochronic culture

tend to like doing one thing at a time, being punctual, and concentrating fully to meet their commitments -rarely cancel plans, tend to be very structured in use of time and time lines -can be highly irritated by interruptions or delays

similarity

the degree to which something shares attributes with other stimuli.

self-esteem

the degree to which you approve of, value, and like the concept that you have of yourself

define impression management

the deliberate use of verbal and nonverbal messages to create a particular impression among others

Communication at the most basic level is defined as:

the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages with the intent of stimulating particular meanings in the minds of others. When we communicate successfully, that is to stimulate the meanings we intend in the minds of others, we achieve understanding.

Define Glossophobia

the fear of public speaking, most commonly stems from the fear of being judged by others.

Figure

the foreground or point of emphasis for your attention.

The combo of self concept and self esteem serves as

the foundation for the manner in which you present yourself to others . In what ways do you approve of yourself and who you are? What aspects of yourself would you like to change? How does your evaluation of yourself—who you are—affect the way you relate to others?

Communicators make two primary types of attribution errors:

the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias.

what era did globalization occur

the late 20th and early 21st centuries

define role taking

the skill that allows communicators to figuratively stand in one another's shoes and assume one another's social roles and perspective -critical to accurate perception of others, as well as contextual features that impact an interaction -results in make predictions about how others will react to and respond to our messages, and we can make explanations and attributions about others' behaviors. -critical to effective relationships, but it can be difficult to engage in when we communicate via new media.

define self preservation

the strategic development and use of verbal and nonverbal messages that result in others making conclusions about the kind of individual you are *this can be strategic

proxemics.

the study of the use of space

what is kinethetics

the stufy of body movements

. To communicate effectively with a diverse group of people, you need to know about:

the values, languages, and subtle communication nuances of their regions, countries, or social groups.

Define feedback

the verbal or nonverbal message that a receiver provides to the sender as he or she perceives and assigns meaning to the sender's message.

denotive meaning of a word

the way a dictionary defines it

define self concept

the way you define yourself

nonverbal communication - chronemics

the ways people use time and messages they communicate as a result of managing time (remember monochronic and polychronic?) ex: night owl vs early bird when you call people how long someone should respond to an email punctuality in the workplace

Robert and Jamie have been dating for more than six months. In the first month of their relationship, they were careful to discuss only safe topics, such as the weather and their favorite foods. Now that they have more (values/trust/disclosure) in one another, there is more Hint, displayed below (values/trust/disclosure) in their conversations, as they discuss their own personal Hint, displayed below(values/trust/disclosure) and beliefs.

trust/disclosure/values

nonverbal communciation: paralanguage

use of voice in other ways than expressing words: tone, silence, dissertion (pausing), infliction, pitch, rate, enunciation

If Samantha, who is recruiting senior executives from mid-sized businesses for enrollment in an online MBA degree program, provides both sides of the argument and then refutes the validity of one side, she is (providing a context/presenting a reasoned and emotional appeal/using a counterargument/using a two-sided argument with refutation). When she anticipates counterarguments and objections and says, "Now you may go home and discuss this idea with your families, who may feel that getting a degree in addition to working full-time will distract you from family activities and important events. However, our program is structured with busy families in mind," she is(providing a context focusing only on the most important objections/using a two-sided argument with refutation/inoculating against counterarguments). Samantha recognizes that (refutation,fear,counterargument,emotional)appeals can work, but that there is also the risk of alienating or upsetting her audience with them.

using a two-sided argument with refutation, inoculating against counterarguments, fear

what is keylogging

using devices and software to detect the keystrokes that an individual types on their personal computer (can be used legally by employers to log activity and is marketed to individuals who suspect their spouse is cheating

members of a culture that values collectivism value

value their membership in their particular in-group to such an extent that they place a greater importance on their role within the group than their role as an individual. - They emphasize their relationships with others in the in-group (whether that in-group is their family, employer organization, an ethnicity, church congregation, or other group) -they view people who are not part of that culture or co-culture as outsiders. -Members of collectivistic cultures take care of one another, avoid competition with other group members, and collaborate with respect and deference.

define IPC (interpersonal communication)

verbal and nonverbal transactions between 2 individuals in ANY relationship takes place within interdependent and interpersonal relationships. IPC can be conducted in a variety of contexts, using a range of media. ranges in levels of personal-ness

example of role taking

we refrain from bragging about the spring wardrobe we just purchased when chatting with a friend who has been out of work.

Define selective recall (of info)

we remember things that we agree with rather than things that are contrary to our beliefs.

nonverbal communication: artifactual

what people are wearing ex: tattoos, piercings, hairstyle, clothing, jewelery, makeup

Define sender-reciever reciprocity

when both the sender and the reciever adapt to one another and share responsibility for listening effectiveness and adapt to each others feedback

Define interpretation

where we assign meaning to stimuli

What is electronic aggression

widespread use of social media that involves the use of technology to harass, threaten, target, or embarrass another person -often a precursor to violent behavior

Charles is in the waiting room at the doctor's office. He can hear the doctor berating another patient about her weight. Will this have an impact on impression management? Yes No

yes

You have a neighbor who has been playing loud music late into the night, preventing you from falling asleep. You like your neighbor and want to maintain a good relationship with him, but you need more sleep in order to get up early and function effectively at work the next day. Therefore, you want to create a friendly but assertive impression that preserves the relationship and helps you communicate your clear message: "Turn down your music at night." Indicate whether the following would be appropriate (yes) or inappropriate (no). You wait until the weekend and approach your neighbor in the day. You tell him that he has great taste in music. You ask that the next time your neighbor is playing music past eleven at night that he please remember that you have to wake up by five to get to your job. You tell him that if he could turn it down just a bit, you'd be grateful. Yes No

yes

Does attitude play a role in public speaking?

yes- in how speaker projects the topic A speaker's attitude (thoughts, feelings, perceptions, assumptions, and expectations) influences how that person projects the topic. For example, sometimes a student will work on a speech for so long and through so many revisions that, eventually, the student might get bored with the topic. The student can potentially project that boredom to the audience by way of a monotone delivery, a slower speaking pace, or even an announcement from the student that the topic is rather boring.

examples of non-verbal messages

your choice of clothing, mannerisms, posture, eye contact, and facial expression.