WHAP unit 7 WW

Which of the following best describes the 1936 lithograph (entitled The Hero) by German artist George Grosz?

A post-First World War print expressing antiwar sentiment

James Franck, German-born scientist developing nuclear weapons technology for the United States, report to the United States government, 1945 Which of the following developments during the Second World War would Franck most likely have cited as evidence to support his arguments in the passage?

Allied firebombing in Germany and Japan had caused massive devastation and civilian casualties, and atomic weapons were vastly more powerful than those used in firebombing.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Chinese and the Mexican revolutions during the twentieth century?

Both generated land-redistribution policies.

"In view of the outbreak of war between Great Britain and Turkey, which occurred because of the ill-advised, unprovoked, and deliberate action of the Ottoman government, His Majesty's government has made a public announcement regarding the holy places of Arabia, the holy shrines of Mesopotamia, and the port of Jeddah,* which is as follows.His Majesty's most loyal Muslim subjects should understand that His Majesty's government is not fighting this war because of religion. The British navy and its military forces will not attack the holy places of Arabia or Jeddah unless the Turks interfere with pilgrimages from India to the holy places and shrines in question. In that case, British military forces will intervene to keep the pilgrimage routes open. At the request of His Majesty's government, the governments of France and Russia have given similar assurances."*a city located on the western coast of Arabia along the Red SeaPamphlet published by the British Indian War Department, 1915. The pamphlet was translated and distributed in cities and towns in India. Which of the following best explains why the British government felt the need to distribute the pamphlet

British authorities were concerned that going to war against a Muslim country could fuel anti-imperialist protests among India's large Muslim population.

"In view of the outbreak of war between Great Britain and Turkey, which occurred because of the ill-advised, unprovoked, and deliberate action of the Ottoman government, His Majesty's government has made a public announcement regarding the holy places of Arabia, the holy shrines of Mesopotamia, and the port of Jeddah,* which is as follows.His Majesty's most loyal Muslim subjects should understand that His Majesty's government is not fighting this war because of religion. The British navy and its military forces will not attack the holy places of Arabia or Jeddah unless the Turks interfere with pilgrimages from India to the holy places and shrines in question. In that case, British military forces will intervene to keep the pilgrimage routes open. At the request of His Majesty's government, the governments of France and Russia have given similar assurances."*a city located on the western coast of Arabia along the Red SeaPamphlet published by the British Indian War Department, 1915. The pamphlet was translated and distributed in cities and towns in India. Which of the following best explains why the British government felt the need to distribute the pamphlet?

British authorities were concerned that going to war against a Muslim country could fuel anti-imperialist protests among India's large Muslim population.

Article XI The Emperor has the supreme command of the Army and Navy.Article XIII The Emperor declares war, makes peace, and concludes treaties.Japan's 1889 constitutionArticle IX Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war . . . and the threat or use of force as a means of settling international disputes.In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces . . . will never be maintained.Japan's 1947 constitutionThe differences in the passages above are most likely a result of which of the following?

Demilitarization imposed by the United States after the Second World War

In the mid-twentieth century, which of the following was a similarity between the approaches of China and the Soviet Union in managing their respective economies?

Direct intervention in their economies to speed the process of industrialization

The obvious answer is that they all belonged to the same club, whose membership also included the most powerful politicians. Publishing a casualty list (or a letter from a wounded corporal about military bungling) would have meant expulsion from the club; social ostracism apparently meant more to the newsmen than their professional duty to inform the public. The government also possessed positive incentives. In addition to breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner, and golf weekends in the company of the powerful, knighthoods and lordships were generously distributed among the press and, finally, prestigious posts in government itself.Alice Goldfarb Marquis, United States historian, "Words as Weapons: Propaganda in Britain and Germany during the First World War," article published in an academic journal, 1978Watson, in the first paragraph of Source 1, uses the newspaper quote to support the claim that

German propaganda portrayed the conflict with Russia as a defensive war

We did not have a tractor industry. Now we have one. We did not have an automobile industry. Now we have one. In the output of electric power we were last on the list. Now we rank among the first. In the output of oil products and coal we were last on the list. Now we rank among the first.And as a result of all of this our country has been converted from an agrarian into an industrial country."Joseph Stalin, Soviet Union, 1933The economic development Stalin describes above was achieved primarily through which of the following?

Government control of the national economy

Which of the following best supports the contention that the First World War was the first total war?

Governments mobilized large segments of their populations and economies and targeted their opponents' military and economic capabilities.

The global economic downturn of the 1930s had which of the following effects on nations in Europe and North America?

Governments took a more active role in directing and regulating their economies to stimulate growth.

Which of the following most directly led to the start of the First World War?

Nationalist competition among industrialized powers for resources

"I belong to those scientists who consider that the drying up of the Aral Sea is far more advantageous than preserving it. First, in its zone, good fertile land will be obtained. . . . Cultivation of cotton alone will pay for the existing Aral Sea, with all its fisheries, shipping, and other industries. Second, the disappearance of the Sea will not affect the region's landscapes."A. Babayev, president of Soviet Turkmenistan's Academy of Sciences, late 1950sWhich of the following best describes the cause of the developments described in the passage?

Soviet efforts to modernize their economy through government control

The constitution also compels professional associations to assist its members. In order to enforce these principles, the constitution anticipates the creation of a Work Tribunal whose goal will be to arbitrate in all work-related litigation."Document produced by the Brazilian government of Getúlio Vargas circa 1940; Vargas had come to power in 1930 following a military coup.Which of the following best explains a potentially significant limitation of using the document for understanding the reforms described in the passage in Brazil

The document likely ignores some economic problems that might have occurred because of the reforms.

Hitler's war aimed at the complete racial reconstitution of Europe. There were no historical parallels for such a project. In Europe, neither Napoleon nor the Habsburgs had aimed at gaining such exclusive domination. In its violence and racism, Nazi imperialism drew more from European precedents in Asia, Africa, and—especially—the Americas. 'When we eat wheat from Canada,' remarked Hitler one evening during the war, 'we don't think about the despoiled Indians.' On another occasion he described the Ukraine as [Germany's] 'new Indian Empire.' But if Europeans would have resented being ruled as the British ruled India, they were shocked at being submitted to an experience closer to that inflicted upon the native populations of the Americas."Mark Mazower, British historian, Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century, 2000 Which of the following was the most important factor behind Europeans' readiness to embrace authoritarian political systems in the 1930s?

The economic crisis caused by the Great Depression

"At school the teachers say it is our patriotic duty to stop using foreign words. I didn't know what they meant by this at first, but now I see it—you must no longer say 'adieu' ['farewell'] because that is French. It is in order to say 'lebwohl' ['farewell' in German] instead. We also have a little tin box in which we'll put some small change in every time we slip up and use a foreign word. The contents of this little war savings box will go towards buying knitting wool. We must now knit woollen things for the soldiers."Diary of a twelve-year old German girl, August 1914 The passage above best exemplifies which of the following processes shortly after the outbreak of the First World War?

The strengthening of nationalist sentiment throughout Europe

That confidence has been betrayed in such a manner that all Germans must now feel that they wish to shake off the heavy yoke imposed on them by the cajoling Entente. And we fear very much that they will soon find the opportunity to do so. Chained and enslaved, Germany will always remain a menace to Europe."Algemeen Handelsblad, Dutch liberal newspaper, editorial on the Treaty of Versailles, June 1919Which of the following accurately explains the historical significance of the harsh conditions imposed on Germany that the editorial describes?

They encouraged the rise of political extremism in Germany.

The constitution establishes that the state must provide medical assistance to workers, and it must protect maternity and create insurance against old age and disability. The constitution also compels professional associations to assist its members. In order to enforce these principles, the constitution anticipates the creation of a Work Tribunal whose goal will be to arbitrate in all work-related litigation."Document produced by the Brazilian government of Getúlio Vargas circa 1940; Vargas had come to power in 1930 following a military coup. Which of the following best explains the historical significance of views such as those expressed in the passage?

They show that, in response to the disruptions of the Great Depression, many political leaders saw it as their duty to take an active role in guiding economic life.

More governmental physicians and health officials are needed to prevent the wasting of the country's human capital.Due to the lack of literature on child rearing available to Iranian mothers, and due to the absence of sufficient means for the treatment of ill children, more than 50% of all children born to Iranian families die before the age of seven. Through instructions and acquainting people with the literature on child rearing, as well as by providing families with free medical treatment, at least 90% of children could live to reach adolescence. In this context, patriotic women's organizations must carry out serious and efficient actions to help invigorate the management of the country's health."Fereydun Keshavarz, Iranian pediatrician, article published in an Iranian newspaper, 1937As described by Keshavarz in the first paragraph, which of the following would best explain why European countries were implementing policies to increase the size of their populations?

They wanted to address the effects of the First World War and mobilize for future conflicts.

Form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator

Totalitarianism

This 'peace' offered to Germany is a mockery of President Wilson's principles. Trusting in these, Germany surrendered and accepted peace. That confidence has been betrayed in such a manner that all Germans must now feel that they wish to shake off the heavy yoke imposed on them by the cajoling Entente. And we fear very much that they will soon find the opportunity to do so. Chained and enslaved, Germany will always remain a menace to Europe."Algemeen Handelsblad, Dutch liberal newspaper, editorial on the Treaty of Versailles, June 1919The mention of "President Wilson's principles" is most directly significant to understanding the editorial's point of view about the Treaty of Versailles because of the United States president's commitment to...?

broker a peace agreement on liberal principles that would not be motivated by revenge

political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism

fascism