WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? (ICM)

1. Dissemination Paradigm 2. Public Participation Paradigm

2 Paradigms of Science Communication

Public Sphere and Non-public Sphere

2 Spheres of Strategic Communication

Intended and Emergent Strategies

2 Strategies in Strategic Communication

1. Interpersonal Conflict 2. Intrapersonal Conflict 3. Intragroup Conflict 4. Intergroup Conflict

4 Conflicts in Participatory Communication

ESPD 1. Ethnocentrism 2. Stereotypes 3. Prejudice 4. Discrimination

4 barriers to intercultural communication

1. Political power = power over all forms of media 2. Losing control over political environment = losing control over all forms of media 3. Political stories in media is biased 4. Dedicated to telling good stories 5. Important effects are unintentional and unnoticed

5 Major Principles of Political Communication

BSMIPLC 1. Improving the belief in science 2. Generating social acceptance 3. Generating moral trust 4. Collect citizen's input about acceptable research 5. Generating political support 6. Collect and make use of local knowledge 7. Make use of cognitive resources

7 Goals of Science Communication

(CLPMEIBA) 1. Complex issues and conflicting science 2. Lack of trust in the source 3. Poor track record or legacy issues 4. Public misperception or fear 5. Emotions that overrule facts 6. Influence over media and the internet 7. Personal biases 8. Competing agendas

8 Factors of Risk Communication

NOISE

A communication barrier, defined as anything that could interfere with the participant's communication encounter.

Trad: Broadcasting New: Crowdcasting

Communication Approach

RITUAL OR EXPRESSIVE MODEL

Communication is fostered through common beliefs and feelings.

TRANSMISSION MODEL

Communication is transmitting a message by a sender or source

Trad: One-to-many New: Many-to-many, many-to-one

Communication model

CORPORATE COMMUNICATION

Communication professionals specialize in how organizations communicate with their internal and external stakeholders. It is that instrument of management where all possible means of internal and external communication are "harmonized as effectively and efficiently as possible" to foster stakeholder relationships.

CULTURE

Comprises patterns of learned behaviors common to a group of people. It is learned not only through instruction but also through assimilation.

TRANSMISSION MODEL

Considers communication a linear, one-way process composed of the participants, the message, encoding, decoding, and channel.

INTERACTION MODEL

Considers communication as a two-way process, this also comprises the same elements as the transmission model. It also accounts for feedback, making communication more interactive. This focuses more on the participants taking turn being a sender and receiver.

TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

Considers communication as a two-way process. Focuses more on generating contexts, and the participants here are communicators-- they simultaneously beccome senders and receivers.

INTERGRATED APPROACH

Corporate communication requires an _______ that considers stakeholders' needs across all management levels.

Trad: Expensive and high New: Cheap and low

Cost of content production/publishing threshold

1. ORAL COMMUNICATION 2. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION 3. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

DIFFERENT FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

RISK COMMUNICATION

Defined as the science-based approach of informing people about the possible hazards related to their persons, property, and community in situation that are highly stressful and controversial.

INTENDED STRATEGIES

Detailed and pre-planned

1. Physical needs (physical well-being, ex. sickness) 2. Identity needs (sense of identity) 3. Social needs (relationships and random encounters with strangers) 4. Practical needs (If we need something)

Engaging in communication because it satisfies our needs

VISION STATEMENT

Expresses foresight, it should state the organization's future direction and aspirational views.

COMMUNICATION MEDIA

Forms of media that facilitate communication.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Interaction of people coming from different cultural backgrounds

DISSEMINATION PARADIGM

It focuses on transmitting information from scientific experts to the general public.

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PARADIGM

It focuses on two-way communication between the public, experts, and policymakers who engage in communication for dialogue and deliberation.

COMMUNICATION

It happens when we use messages to produce meaningful

COMMUNICATION

It is also the relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response

COMMUNICATION

It is the exchange of meanings between individuals through a common system of symbols

GROUP COMMUNICATION

It is when several people communicate with one another

MASS COMMUNICATION

It is when the communication process happens at a society-wide level and is facilitated by technology, commonly called mas media.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

It is when we communicate with another fellow being.

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

It is when we engage in communication with ourselves.

Trad: Medium, channels New: Platforms, arenas

Key metaphors

1. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION 2. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION 3. GROUP COMMUNICATION

LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Transmission model 2. Ritual or expressive model 3. Publicity model 4. Reception model

Mass communication models

PUBLICITY MODEL

Mass media catches and maintains the public's attention. This model considers the audience as spectators and not participants.

STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION

Most versatile communication field

FACILITATOR

Plays an integral role, would lead meetings and serve as a liaison between the community, practitioners, and development workers.

POLITICAL COMMUNICATION

Primarily concerned with the question of political influence and seeks to understand the relationship between the sphere of power and the media, where media is considered both as a means of control and sources of power.

James Carey

Proponent of ritual model

MISSION STATEMENT

Purpose statement of the organization

PARTICIPATORY COMMUNICATION

Puts the community at the center by actively involving them in programs, meetings, and gatherings.

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

Represents how communication works and who its agents are

Trad: Fixed and controlled New: Messy and emergent

Rules of communication

COMMUNICATION

Social interaction through messages (George Gerber)

RECEPTION MODEL

The audience is capable of resisting ideological influence in interpreting messages, the construction of meaning lies with the receiver since media messages are always polysemic.

STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION

The practice of deliberate and purposive communication that a communication agent enacts in the public sphere on behalf of a communicative entity to reach set goals. Communication must be intentional, public, and done by an agent.

SCIENCE COMMUNICATION

The purpose is to make this apparent, to increase people's awareness, interest, and appreciation for science to influence public opinion and policy, and people's attitude and behaviors.

Foundation Application Implementation

The stages of Strategic Planning and Execution

Trad: Corporate positioning New: Content generation

Underlying principle

HAZARD

anything potentially harmful

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

is when the message is delivered through gestures, expressions, appearance, and the like

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

is when the message is printed, published, or written.

ORAL COMMUNICATION

is when the message is spoken

RISK

mere probability of said hazard causing harm

CONTEXT

refers to the physical, social, or virtual communication situation.

EMERGENT STRATEGIES

unplanned and require the expertise of communication strategists to execute.