what is nursing ch1

nursing practice act NPA

a set of laws regulating the nursing practice, it defines the scope of practice, standards for education programs, licensure requirements, grounds for disciplinary actions, provides a framework for establishing nursing actions in the care of clients

integrity

acting according to code of ethics & standards of practice

ANA code of ethics

addresses issues & questions about morality, attributes: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleificence, fidelity, veracity, social justice

how is nursing both an art and a science?

art based on the individual nurses' skills & abilities to care, science based on knowledge, theoretical frameworks, evidence-based practice

goals of nursing research

improve care of people in clinical setting, study people and the nursing process: education, policy development, ethics, & nursing history, develop greater autonomy & strength as a profession, provide evidence based nursing practice

quality improvement

indicators used to monitor outcomes & develop solutions to change & improve care, identify & analyze problems to improve the quality & safety of care, utilize knowledge & skill to improve pt care outcomes

quality and safety education for nurses (QSEN) competencies

institution of medicine (IOM) national academy of medicine (NAM) 2003, improve quality & safety, provide pt-centered care, collaborate with the interdisciplinary health care team, implement evidence-based practice, use quality improvement & informatics in pt care

evidence based practice

integrate best current evidence w clinical expertise & pt/family preferences & values for delivery of optimal healthcare

patient harm and errors

lack of clear communication, lack of attentiveness & monitoring, medication administration, professional accountability & advocacy, "missed" nursing care, lack of reporting

safety

major professional nursing priority: the ability to keep the pt & staff free from harm & minimize errors in care, maintain best practices

facilitating coping w disability & death

maximizing a person's strengths & potentials by teaching & referring to community support systems & providing end-of-care through hospice programs

human dignity

respect for inherent worth & uniqueness of individuals & populations

autonomy

right to self-determination

social justice

upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights

use of information in nursing

use info & technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, & support decision making

goal of theoretical frameworks

holistic pt care, individualized care to meet needs of pts, promotion of health, prevention or treatment of illness

RNs must be able to

1. practice in a manner that fulfills obligations to society & to those who receive nursing care 2. practice in an env. that allow them to act in accordance w professional standards & legally authorized scopes of practice 3. work in an env. that supports & facilitates ethical practice, in accordance w the code of ethics for nurses 4. freely & openly advocate for themselves & their patients, without fear of retribution 5. receive fair compensation for their work, consistent w their knowledge, exp, & professional responsibilities 6. practice in a work env. that is safe for themselves & their patients 7. negotiate the conditions of their employment, either as individuals or collectively, in all practice settings

joint commission

blame-free approach, patients and families are safety partners w health care providers & organizations, serious events must be reported

interrelated roles of nurses

caregiver, communicator, teacher / educator, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, collaborator

early signs of fatigue in nursing profession

compassion fatigue, burnout, secondary traumatic stress

altruism

concern for the welfare and well-being of others

the nursing scope of practice & standards of practice according to ANA

defines the who, what, where, and why of nursing practice: protection, promotion, & optimization of health & abilities, prevention of illness & injury, alleviation of suffering

benefits of nursing theory

directs nurses toward a common goal, leads to improved pt care, provides rational & knowledgeable reasons for nursing actions, gives nurses knowledge base necessary for appropriate actions, helps resolve current nursing issues, prepares nurses to questions assumptions & values, serves research, education, & practice

preventing illness

educational programs, community programs/resources encouraging healthy lifestyles, literature, tv, radio, or internet info on healthy diet, exercise, & good health habits, health assessments in clinics that identify areas of strength & risk for illness

guidelines for clinical performance of nursing students

ensure pt safety, know your facility's policies & procedures before undertaking any clinical assignments, ensure you are knowledgeable about the pt's condition, interventions, medications, & treatments, never perform care for which you are unprepared, if you are unprepared for a clinical assignment, inform your instructor, seek help before beginning a procedure about which you are unsure, if the instructor is not readily available, allow the staff nurse to perform the intervention

teamwork & collaboration

function effectively within nursing & interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, & shared decision making to achieve quality pt care

factors affecting health

genetics, cognitive abilities, educational level, race and ethnicity, culture, age and gender, developmental level, lifestyle, environment, socioeconomic status

restoring health

performing assessments that detect an illness, referring questions & findings to other health care providers, providing direct care to person who is ill, collaborating w other health care providers in providing care, planning, teaching, & carrying out rehab for illnesses, working in mental health & chemical-dependency programs

ethical conduct

practice based on professional standards of ethical conduct as well as professional values, nurses should: cultivate the virtues of nursing, understand ethical theories that dictate & justify professional conduct, be familiar w codes of ethics for nurses & standards for professional nursing conduct

evidence-based practice

problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions using the best evidence available, blends both the art and science of nursing, integration of the best current evidence and practices, considers pt preferences & values & one's own clinical expertise for delivery of optimal care, mandates the analysis & systematic review of research findings

definition of nursing

pt is central focus of all defs, includes phys, emotional, social, & spiritual demensions of the pt

patient-centered care

recognize the pt of designee as the source of control & full partner in providing compassionate & coordinated care based on respect for patient's preferences, values, & needs

nursing aims and competencies

to promote health, prevent illness, restore health, facilitate coping w disability or death