what is stigma 1
who often reinforce structural stigma
(gov, med practice, schools, businesses, community associations)
define intersectional stigma
Convergence of multiple stigmatized identities and behaviors within an individual or group
definitions of stigma
Goffman (1963): "an attribute that is deeply discrediting"Clair (2018): "an attribute that conveys devalued stereotypes",InfoNTD (2021):"a negative response to human differences"
how does self stigma occurs
Happens when one is aware they are being stigmatized, they agree the negative judgement has merit, and they apply it to themselves
define self stigma
Internalization of public stigma that pushes one to question & devalue their core identities
How do we make it a process as society
Labeling human differences Stereotyping such differences Separating those labeled from "us" Status loss & discrimination against those labeled Incorporating power & discrimination in definition
what are the 3 steps in the process of stigma
One becomes socially stained/discredited - Loss of social standing, social status, and/or self worth - Then one is moved out, down, or away from society:seperated
what are the forms of stigma
Public stigma Explicit stigma Implicit stigma Felt stigma Structural stigma Self stigma Courtesy stigma Intersectional Stigma
define courtesy stigma
When others connected to the stigmatized are also themselves socially discredited by association
When is the effect of stigma strongest?
When the effect of stigma strongest when moral meanings are attached to the failure to meet social norms
When is the effect of stigma strongest?
When the effect of stigma strongest when moral meanings are attached to the failure to meet social norms.
how are felt stigma different from self stigma and can there be felt without self
Yes, it is different because felt one is aware of the stigma but internalize is when they believe and nlfict on themselves
define structural stigma
created & reinforced by institutions
define felt stigma
happens when people become aware of prejudicial attitudes & notice stigma enacted toward them
who are often more impacted by intersectional stigma
marginalized & often racialized identities with other stigma
What is stigma the consequences of
not meeting social norms
define implicit stigma
our own judgements/prejudices that are outside of our self-awareness bc we are just doing what is normal/natural/expected of us
define explicit stigma
our own judgements/prejudices we are fully or vaguely aware of and express
how are public stigma communicated
punchline of joke, schoolyard bullying, doc's questions, averted gaze of strangers in public, an image on a public health poster
what does public stigma reflects
social agreement
What belief goes along with the process of stigma
the belief that people are to be blamed and shamed (their fault) or pitied for having the characteristic
Why is stigma a process
the process by which people become socially discredited because they hold a characteristic that is classified as unacceptable or undesirable"
define enacted stigma
when stigma turns into action
Define public stigma
widespread approved ways stigmatizing ideas/actions are evident in our everyday lives