what is stigma 1

who often reinforce structural stigma

(gov, med practice, schools, businesses, community associations)

define intersectional stigma

Convergence of multiple stigmatized identities and behaviors within an individual or group

definitions of stigma

Goffman (1963): "an attribute that is deeply discrediting"Clair (2018): "an attribute that conveys devalued stereotypes",InfoNTD (2021):"a negative response to human differences"

how does self stigma occurs

Happens when one is aware they are being stigmatized, they agree the negative judgement has merit, and they apply it to themselves

define self stigma

Internalization of public stigma that pushes one to question & devalue their core identities

How do we make it a process as society

Labeling human differences Stereotyping such differences Separating those labeled from "us" Status loss & discrimination against those labeled Incorporating power & discrimination in definition

what are the 3 steps in the process of stigma

One becomes socially stained/discredited - Loss of social standing, social status, and/or self worth - Then one is moved out, down, or away from society:seperated

what are the forms of stigma

Public stigma Explicit stigma Implicit stigma Felt stigma Structural stigma Self stigma Courtesy stigma Intersectional Stigma

define courtesy stigma

When others connected to the stigmatized are also themselves socially discredited by association

When is the effect of stigma strongest?

When the effect of stigma strongest when moral meanings are attached to the failure to meet social norms

When is the effect of stigma strongest?

When the effect of stigma strongest when moral meanings are attached to the failure to meet social norms.

how are felt stigma different from self stigma and can there be felt without self

Yes, it is different because felt one is aware of the stigma but internalize is when they believe and nlfict on themselves

define structural stigma

created & reinforced by institutions

define felt stigma

happens when people become aware of prejudicial attitudes & notice stigma enacted toward them

who are often more impacted by intersectional stigma

marginalized & often racialized identities with other stigma

What is stigma the consequences of

not meeting social norms

define implicit stigma

our own judgements/prejudices that are outside of our self-awareness bc we are just doing what is normal/natural/expected of us

define explicit stigma

our own judgements/prejudices we are fully or vaguely aware of and express

how are public stigma communicated

punchline of joke, schoolyard bullying, doc's questions, averted gaze of strangers in public, an image on a public health poster

what does public stigma reflects

social agreement

What belief goes along with the process of stigma

the belief that people are to be blamed and shamed (their fault) or pitied for having the characteristic

Why is stigma a process

the process by which people become socially discredited because they hold a characteristic that is classified as unacceptable or undesirable"

define enacted stigma

when stigma turns into action

Define public stigma

widespread approved ways stigmatizing ideas/actions are evident in our everyday lives