chemistry chapter 6
cation
any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge
two elements that have similar properties to those of chlorine
bromine and fluorine
two ways to classify an element
by properties- metal, nonmetal, metalloid by electron configuration- representative, transitional, inner transitional, noble gases
ductile
can be drawn into wires
malleable
capable of being shaped or hammered
atomic radius generally __ as you move from left to right in a period.
decreases
the ability of an atom to attract electrons when it is in a compound is called ____, and this value ___ as you move from left to right across period.
electronegativity; increases
Ions form when ______ are transferred between atoms
electrons
most nonmetals are ___ at room temperature
gases
metals
good conductors of heat and electric current
the table is constructed so that elements have similar chemical properties are in the same ___
group
alkai metals
group 1A elements
the periodic table organizes the elements into vertical ____ and horizontal ______ in order of increasing ___
groups; periods; atomic number
the nonmetals of group 7a are ___, and the ___ make up group 8a.
halogens; noble gases
Metalloids
have properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals
Indium
in
this quantity generally _____ as you move left to right across a period.
increases
atomic size ____ with atomic number within a group because there are more occupied ____ and an increased shielding effect, despite an increase in nuclear ____
increases; energy levels; charge
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom is known as ____ energy.
ionzation
An anion has more electrons than protons
AT
Removing one electron from an atom results in the formation of a positive ion with a + 1
AT
Silver
Ag
Aluminium
Al
Ion
An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
Argon
Ar
Arsenic
As
Gold
Au
Boron
B
Barium
Ba
Beryllium
Be
give the symbols and names for the elements whose chemical symbols consist of only one letter
Boron- B Carbon- C Fluorine- F Hydrogen- H Oxygen- O Phosphorus- P Potassium- K Sulfur- S Tungsten- W Uranium- U Vanadium- V Yttrium- Y
Bromine
Br
Carbon
C
Calcium
Ca
Cadmium
Cd
Cerium
Ce
Chlorine
Cl
Cobalt
Co
Chromium
Cr
Caesium
Cs
Copper
Cu
Iron
Fe
Gallium
Ga
Germanium
Ge
List three properties of metals
Good conductors of heat and electric current, high luster or sheen, malleable, ductile, relatively high melting point, and solid at room temperature with the exception of mercury
alkaline earth metals
Group 2a
Hydrogen
H
Helium
He
periods
Horizontal rows on the periodic table
Iodine
I
Potassium
K
give three examples of elements whose symbols are not directly derived from the element's common english
K - Potassium W- Tungsten Na- Sodium
Krypton
Kr
Lithium
Li
Nonmetal
an element that tends to be a poor conductor of heat and electric current; nonmetals generally have properties opposite to those of metals
Magnesium
Mg
Manganese
Mn
Molybdenum
Mo
Nitrogen
N
Elements with high electronegativity value tend to form positive ions
NT
Sodium
Na
Niobium
Nb
Neodymium
Nd
Neon
Ne
Metalloid
an element that tends to have properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals
Nickel
Ni
Nobelium
No
neptunium
Np
Nielsbohrium
Ns
Phosphorus
P
Palladium
Pd
Platinum
Pt
Radium
Ra
Rubidium
Rb
rubidum
Rb
Rhodium
Rh
Radon
Rn
Ruthenium
Ru
Sulfur
S
compounds are composed of particles called ions
ST
antimony
Sb
Scandium
Sc
Selenium
Se
silicon
Si
Strontium
Sr
Technetium
Tc
Titanium
Ti
Uranium
U
Vanadium
V
representative element
an element whose highest occupied s or p sublevels are partially filled
transition metals
an element whose highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain elements
inner transition metals
an element whose highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons
anion
any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge
Xenon
Xe
Yttrium
Y
Zinc
Zn
Zirconium
Zr
zirconium
Zr
group
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table
the group 1a elements are called __, and the group 2a elements are called __.
alkali metals; alkaline earth metals
There is a relationship between the electron configurations of elements and their chemical and physical properties.
always true
most of the elements in the periodic table are metals
always true
ion
an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge
noble gases
an element in which the highest occupied s and p sublevels are filled
tin
sn
across the periodic table, the properties of elements become ____ metallic and _____ non metallic
less; more
Elements with properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals are called ___
metalloids
___ have a higher luster, or sheen when cut
metals
the periodic table displays the symbols and _ the elements along with information about the structures of their ___
name; atoms
Chlorine has the electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^7
never true
In his periodic table, Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of atomic number
never true
The element in Group 4A, period 3, is gallium.
never true
the elements within a period have similar properties
never true
there are six periods in a periodic table
never true
list the elements of Group 5A and tell its property
nitrogen (N)- nonmetal phosphorus (P)- nonmetal arsenic (As)- metalloid antimony (Sb)- metalloid bismuth (Bi)- metal
Halogens
nonmetals of Group 7A
metal
one of a class of elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current; metals tend to be ductile, malleable, and shiny
atomic radius
one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same elements when the atoms are joined
list group 6a and tell its state at room temperature and normal
oxygen- gas and nonmetal sulfur- solid and nonmetal selenium- solid and nonmetal tellurium- solid and metalloid polonium- solid and metalloid
The atoms of the noble gas elements have their highest occupied s and ___ sublevels filled
p
Nonmetals
poor conductors of heat and electric current
chemists used the ___ of elements to sort the into groups
properties
the elements in groups 1a - 7a are called the ___
representative elements
Cations are always _____ than the atoms from which they form
smaller
list highest occupied energy level of elements in period 3
sodium- 3s1 magnesium- 3s2 aluminum- 3p1 silicon- 3p2 phosphorus- 3p3 sulfur- 3p4 chlorine- 3p5 argon- 3p6
group a elements are representative elements
sometimes true
Tellerium
te
Electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound
ionization energy
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state
between groups 2a and 3a, there are __ in periods 4 through 7 and ___ in periods 6 and 7
transition metals; inner transition metals
periodic law
when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties
