chemistry chapter 6

cation

any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge

two elements that have similar properties to those of chlorine

bromine and fluorine

two ways to classify an element

by properties- metal, nonmetal, metalloid by electron configuration- representative, transitional, inner transitional, noble gases

ductile

can be drawn into wires

malleable

capable of being shaped or hammered

atomic radius generally __ as you move from left to right in a period.

decreases

the ability of an atom to attract electrons when it is in a compound is called ____, and this value ___ as you move from left to right across period.

electronegativity; increases

Ions form when ______ are transferred between atoms

electrons

most nonmetals are ___ at room temperature

gases

metals

good conductors of heat and electric current

the table is constructed so that elements have similar chemical properties are in the same ___

group

alkai metals

group 1A elements

the periodic table organizes the elements into vertical ____ and horizontal ______ in order of increasing ___

groups; periods; atomic number

the nonmetals of group 7a are ___, and the ___ make up group 8a.

halogens; noble gases

Metalloids

have properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals

Indium

in

this quantity generally _____ as you move left to right across a period.

increases

atomic size ____ with atomic number within a group because there are more occupied ____ and an increased shielding effect, despite an increase in nuclear ____

increases; energy levels; charge

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom is known as ____ energy.

ionzation

An anion has more electrons than protons

AT

Removing one electron from an atom results in the formation of a positive ion with a + 1

AT

Silver

Ag

Aluminium

Al

Ion

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

Argon

Ar

Arsenic

As

Gold

Au

Boron

B

Barium

Ba

Beryllium

Be

give the symbols and names for the elements whose chemical symbols consist of only one letter

Boron- B Carbon- C Fluorine- F Hydrogen- H Oxygen- O Phosphorus- P Potassium- K Sulfur- S Tungsten- W Uranium- U Vanadium- V Yttrium- Y

Bromine

Br

Carbon

C

Calcium

Ca

Cadmium

Cd

Cerium

Ce

Chlorine

Cl

Cobalt

Co

Chromium

Cr

Caesium

Cs

Copper

Cu

Iron

Fe

Gallium

Ga

Germanium

Ge

List three properties of metals

Good conductors of heat and electric current, high luster or sheen, malleable, ductile, relatively high melting point, and solid at room temperature with the exception of mercury

alkaline earth metals

Group 2a

Hydrogen

H

Helium

He

periods

Horizontal rows on the periodic table

Iodine

I

Potassium

K

give three examples of elements whose symbols are not directly derived from the element's common english

K - Potassium W- Tungsten Na- Sodium

Krypton

Kr

Lithium

Li

Nonmetal

an element that tends to be a poor conductor of heat and electric current; nonmetals generally have properties opposite to those of metals

Magnesium

Mg

Manganese

Mn

Molybdenum

Mo

Nitrogen

N

Elements with high electronegativity value tend to form positive ions

NT

Sodium

Na

Niobium

Nb

Neodymium

Nd

Neon

Ne

Metalloid

an element that tends to have properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals

Nickel

Ni

Nobelium

No

neptunium

Np

Nielsbohrium

Ns

Phosphorus

P

Palladium

Pd

Platinum

Pt

Radium

Ra

Rubidium

Rb

rubidum

Rb

Rhodium

Rh

Radon

Rn

Ruthenium

Ru

Sulfur

S

compounds are composed of particles called ions

ST

antimony

Sb

Scandium

Sc

Selenium

Se

silicon

Si

Strontium

Sr

Technetium

Tc

Titanium

Ti

Uranium

U

Vanadium

V

representative element

an element whose highest occupied s or p sublevels are partially filled

transition metals

an element whose highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain elements

inner transition metals

an element whose highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons

anion

any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge

Xenon

Xe

Yttrium

Y

Zinc

Zn

Zirconium

Zr

zirconium

Zr

group

a vertical column of elements in the periodic table

the group 1a elements are called __, and the group 2a elements are called __.

alkali metals; alkaline earth metals

There is a relationship between the electron configurations of elements and their chemical and physical properties.

always true

most of the elements in the periodic table are metals

always true

ion

an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge

noble gases

an element in which the highest occupied s and p sublevels are filled

tin

sn

across the periodic table, the properties of elements become ____ metallic and _____ non metallic

less; more

Elements with properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals are called ___

metalloids

___ have a higher luster, or sheen when cut

metals

the periodic table displays the symbols and _ the elements along with information about the structures of their ___

name; atoms

Chlorine has the electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^7

never true

In his periodic table, Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of atomic number

never true

The element in Group 4A, period 3, is gallium.

never true

the elements within a period have similar properties

never true

there are six periods in a periodic table

never true

list the elements of Group 5A and tell its property

nitrogen (N)- nonmetal phosphorus (P)- nonmetal arsenic (As)- metalloid antimony (Sb)- metalloid bismuth (Bi)- metal

Halogens

nonmetals of Group 7A

metal

one of a class of elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current; metals tend to be ductile, malleable, and shiny

atomic radius

one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same elements when the atoms are joined

list group 6a and tell its state at room temperature and normal

oxygen- gas and nonmetal sulfur- solid and nonmetal selenium- solid and nonmetal tellurium- solid and metalloid polonium- solid and metalloid

The atoms of the noble gas elements have their highest occupied s and ___ sublevels filled

p

Nonmetals

poor conductors of heat and electric current

chemists used the ___ of elements to sort the into groups

properties

the elements in groups 1a - 7a are called the ___

representative elements

Cations are always _____ than the atoms from which they form

smaller

list highest occupied energy level of elements in period 3

sodium- 3s1 magnesium- 3s2 aluminum- 3p1 silicon- 3p2 phosphorus- 3p3 sulfur- 3p4 chlorine- 3p5 argon- 3p6

group a elements are representative elements

sometimes true

Tellerium

te

Electronegativity

the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

ionization energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state

between groups 2a and 3a, there are __ in periods 4 through 7 and ___ in periods 6 and 7

transition metals; inner transition metals

periodic law

when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties