Whole 2

sensory and motor neurons of the _____ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary

somatic

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.

spinal cord

the central nervous system consists of the brain and the

spinal cord

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.

study the function of behavior

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior

16. Which of the following is NOT a structure of the forebrain?

substantia nigra

Which of the following is not a limbic system structure?

substantia nigra

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic

the _____ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration

sympathetic

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

synapse

the space between two neurons is called the

synapse

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.

temperature, touch, and pain

the somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing

temperature, touch, and pain

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

temporal

the auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain

temporal

wernickes area is located in which lobe of the brain

temporal

Considerable debate occurs regarding the use of anabolic steroid drugs like ________ in professional athletes and bodybuilders

testosterone

13. The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing.

thalamus

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

________are defined as observable realities

Facts

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.

Five Factor

2. ________ refers to a person's genetic makeup, while ________ refers to a person's physical characteristics.

Genotype; phenotype

Research on ________ subjects must always involve ________.

Human; obtaining informed consent

Maslow and Rogers

Humanists

rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. which area of rosemarys brain was likely damaged?

wernickes area

A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a ________ psychologist

I-O (industrial organizational)

_________ is to animal research as _______ is to human research

IACUC, IRB

Height and weight or positively correlated this means that as height ________ and weight ________

Increases increases

The _____ is controlled by the experimenter, while the ________ represents the information collected and statistically analyze by the experimenter

Independent variable, dependent variable

Before participating in an experiment individuals should read & Sign the _________ form

Informed consent

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

Biopsychology

Is the study of the biological determinants of behavior

The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship win

It is closest to zero

Sometimes researchers will administer ______ to participants in the control group to control for the effects that participant expectation might have on the experiment

Placebo

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a

Proposed explanation

The ________ place is less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills

PsyD

________Means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study

Random sampling

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.

a person's unconscious

________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals

action potential

19. The ________ gland secretes epinephrine.

adrenal

During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?

adrenal

during the flight or fight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?

adrenal

6. A(n) ________ facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system.

agonist

The ______ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories

amygdala

Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe?

audition

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.

basic survival needs

The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.

billions

the brain contains _____ of interconnected neurons

billions

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

biopsychologist

11. The central nervous system is comprised of ________.

brain and spinal cord

which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain

broca's area

Soma

cell body

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

central; peripheral nervous systems

Two major divisions of the nervous system are the _______ and _______

central; peripheral nervous systems

The ______ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement and motor skills

cerebellum

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

chromosomes; DNA

Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?

collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitter in the synapse?

collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

A ________ scan involves taking a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person's body or brain.

computerized tomography (CT) scan

Naghemeh wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in?

counseling psychology

If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a four-year college then he would probably need a _________ degree in psychology

d. PhD

5. The ________ receive(s) incoming signals from other neurons.

dendrites

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?

developmental psychology

______ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior

dopamine

________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior

dopamine

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine; norepinephrine

________ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.

electroencephalography (EEG)

the theory of ______ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those are poorly suited for their environment will die off

evolution by natural selection

Adaptations in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.

evolutionary psychologists

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.

evolutionary psychologists

changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by

evolutionary psychologists

The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ________.

fast; long lasting

the effects of neurotransmitters tend to be _____ ,whereas the effects of hormones tend to be _____

fast; long lasting

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain

folds; grooves

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

John Watson

founder of behaviorism

William James

founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

hypothalamus

In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell

increase

8. An action potential involves Na+ moving ________ the cell and K+ moving ________ the cell.

inside; outside

the myelin sheath serves as an

insulator

twin boys both have a gene associated with aggressive tendencies. what is the most likely outcome to be observed in their behavior as they grow up?

it is not possible to determine the twins' behavior based on having this single gene

________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.

lateralization

Behaviorists study ________.

learned behavior

Randolph is walking down the street of his hometown, after being for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. he suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents hands and swinging between them feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the _______ which is responsible for _______ memories

limbic system; emotional

The ________ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves

longitudinal fissure

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables

-.90

In Milograms controversial study on obedience, nearly _________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure

2/3

4. Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.

23

_______ is most well known for proposing his hierarchy of needs

Abraham Maslow

Validity refers to

Accuracy of measurements

________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.

Archival

Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as

Archival research

Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of

Attrition

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.

Attrition

Which of the following degrees would be minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school

Bachelors degree

The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.

Between -1 and +1

A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of a hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a ________ psychologist

Biological

Dendrites

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.

Case studies

Sigmund Freud develop his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period time with a few clients. this type of research approach is known as

Case study

Modern theoretical approach to psychology that studies memory and problem solving

Cognitive

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

Control

________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables.

Correlation

Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed

Critical thinking, use of the scientific method, critical evaluation of sources of information

Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants' responses. In this example, negative emotions are the ________.

Dependent variable

In the experiment the actual measurement itself

Dependent variable

The benefit of naturalistic observations studies is

Do you want to see if the data that is collected in realistic setting

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

Double-blind

Researchers are conducting a study where they have concerns that the participant's beliefs and/or the experimenter's beliefs may skew the results. Therefore, they chose to conduct a ________ study.

Double-blind

Scientific knowledge is _______

Empirical

Which of the following is a scientific way of determining facts?

Empirical studies

3. ________ is the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression.

Epigenetics

Researchers might use _______ when providing participants with the full details of the experiment could skew their responses

Ethics

Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?

John Watson

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

Longitudinal

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time.

Longitudinal

______ involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time

Longitudinal research

15. A(n) ________ uses magnetic fields to create pictures of a given tissue.

MRI

Based on your reading which theorist would be most likely to agree with the statement perceptual phenomena are best understood on a combination of their components

Max wertheimer

_______ involves observing behavior and individuals in their natural environment

Naturalistic observation

A negative correlation means ________.

One variable decreases as the other increases

Researchers must ______ important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined

Operationalize

An individuals consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as __________

Personality

Before psychology became a recognize academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in

Philosophy

Research describing a link between childhood vaccines and autism has been ________.

Retracted due to a financial conflict of interest by the author

A ________ is a graphical view of the strength and direction of a correlation.

Scatterplot

Behaviorism

Should only test on animals

The operant conditioning chamber (aka _______ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning

Skinner

A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.

Skinner box

Psyche is a Greek word meaning

Soul

Which statement best on the streets and negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam in the grade on that exam

Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exam

A ______ it's a list of questions developed by researcher that can be administered in paper form

Survey

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

Surveys

Scientific hypotheses are __________ and falsifiable

Testable

14. Damage to the ________ disrupts one's ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one's ability to produce words intact.

Wernicke's Area

The major limitation of case studies is

The inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population

A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

Theory

Charles Darwin

Theory of evolutionary natural selection

A basic experiment involves a minimum of ________ participant group(s).

Two

Rogers believe that providing genuineness, empathy and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems

Unconditional positive regard

Objectivity

Uninfluenced by researcher

________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.

Validity

A persons participation in a research project must be

Voluntary

A major criticism of Freud's early theories involves the fact that his theories

Were not testable

A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives.

genetics

17. The two major hormones secreted from the pancreas are:

glucagon and insulin

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

her own conscious experience

_____ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions ( such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels

homeostasis

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.

hormones

the endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as

hormones

Clive Wearing could remember which of the following types of memory?

how to play the piano

the _____ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system

pituitary

polygenic means that most traits are controlled by

more than one gene

1. A(n) ________ is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA.

mutation

7. Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of the ________.

myelin sheath

When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait.

neuroticism

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

observation

the ______ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract

parasympathetic

10. If your ________ is activated, you will feel relatively at ease.

parasympathetic nervous system

18. The ________ secretes messenger hormones that direct the function of the rest of the endocrine glands.

pituitary

20. The ________ secretes hormones that regulate the body's fluid levels.

pituitary

The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.

pituitary

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

12. Sympathetic activation is associated with ________.

pupil dilation and increased heart rate

asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we fall

range of reaction

Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.

receptors; receptors

The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain

reticular formation

The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.

reticular formation

Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response

running away

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?

smell

which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus

smell

9. Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the ________ nervous system.

somatic