Whole 2
sensory and motor neurons of the _____ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary
somatic
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.
spinal cord
the central nervous system consists of the brain and the
spinal cord
Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism
According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.
study the function of behavior
Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.
studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior
16. Which of the following is NOT a structure of the forebrain?
substantia nigra
Which of the following is not a limbic system structure?
substantia nigra
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
sympathetic
the _____ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration
sympathetic
The space between two neurons is called the ________.
synapse
the space between two neurons is called the
synapse
The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.
temperature, touch, and pain
the somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing
temperature, touch, and pain
The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?
temporal
the auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain
temporal
wernickes area is located in which lobe of the brain
temporal
Considerable debate occurs regarding the use of anabolic steroid drugs like ________ in professional athletes and bodybuilders
testosterone
13. The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing.
thalamus
Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.
thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions
________are defined as observable realities
Facts
In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.
Five Factor
2. ________ refers to a person's genetic makeup, while ________ refers to a person's physical characteristics.
Genotype; phenotype
Research on ________ subjects must always involve ________.
Human; obtaining informed consent
Maslow and Rogers
Humanists
rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. which area of rosemarys brain was likely damaged?
wernickes area
A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a ________ psychologist
I-O (industrial organizational)
_________ is to animal research as _______ is to human research
IACUC, IRB
Height and weight or positively correlated this means that as height ________ and weight ________
Increases increases
The _____ is controlled by the experimenter, while the ________ represents the information collected and statistically analyze by the experimenter
Independent variable, dependent variable
Before participating in an experiment individuals should read & Sign the _________ form
Informed consent
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?
Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.
Biopsychology
Is the study of the biological determinants of behavior
The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship win
It is closest to zero
Sometimes researchers will administer ______ to participants in the control group to control for the effects that participant expectation might have on the experiment
Placebo
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a
Proposed explanation
The ________ place is less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills
PsyD
________Means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study
Random sampling
Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?
Wilhelm Wundt
Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.
a person's unconscious
________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals
action potential
19. The ________ gland secretes epinephrine.
adrenal
During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?
adrenal
during the flight or fight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?
adrenal
6. A(n) ________ facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system.
agonist
The ______ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories
amygdala
Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe?
audition
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.
basic survival needs
The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.
billions
the brain contains _____ of interconnected neurons
billions
Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.
biopsychologist
11. The central nervous system is comprised of ________.
brain and spinal cord
which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain
broca's area
Soma
cell body
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
central; peripheral nervous systems
Two major divisions of the nervous system are the _______ and _______
central; peripheral nervous systems
The ______ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement and motor skills
cerebellum
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.
chromosomes; DNA
Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?
collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitter in the synapse?
collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
A ________ scan involves taking a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person's body or brain.
computerized tomography (CT) scan
Naghemeh wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in?
counseling psychology
If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a four-year college then he would probably need a _________ degree in psychology
d. PhD
5. The ________ receive(s) incoming signals from other neurons.
dendrites
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.
depression
Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?
developmental psychology
______ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior
dopamine
________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior
dopamine
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?
dopamine; norepinephrine
________ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.
electroencephalography (EEG)
the theory of ______ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those are poorly suited for their environment will die off
evolution by natural selection
Adaptations in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.
evolutionary psychologists
Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.
evolutionary psychologists
changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by
evolutionary psychologists
The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ________.
fast; long lasting
the effects of neurotransmitters tend to be _____ ,whereas the effects of hormones tend to be _____
fast; long lasting
Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain
folds; grooves
Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?
forensic
John Watson
founder of behaviorism
William James
founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment
Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
hypothalamus
In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell
increase
8. An action potential involves Na+ moving ________ the cell and K+ moving ________ the cell.
inside; outside
the myelin sheath serves as an
insulator
twin boys both have a gene associated with aggressive tendencies. what is the most likely outcome to be observed in their behavior as they grow up?
it is not possible to determine the twins' behavior based on having this single gene
________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.
lateralization
Behaviorists study ________.
learned behavior
Randolph is walking down the street of his hometown, after being for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. he suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents hands and swinging between them feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the _______ which is responsible for _______ memories
limbic system; emotional
The ________ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves
longitudinal fissure
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables
-.90
In Milograms controversial study on obedience, nearly _________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure
2/3
4. Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.
23
_______ is most well known for proposing his hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Validity refers to
Accuracy of measurements
________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.
Archival
Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as
Archival research
Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of
Attrition
________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.
Attrition
Which of the following degrees would be minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school
Bachelors degree
The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.
Between -1 and +1
A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of a hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a ________ psychologist
Biological
Dendrites
Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.
Case studies
Sigmund Freud develop his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period time with a few clients. this type of research approach is known as
Case study
Modern theoretical approach to psychology that studies memory and problem solving
Cognitive
The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.
Control
________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables.
Correlation
Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed
Critical thinking, use of the scientific method, critical evaluation of sources of information
Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants' responses. In this example, negative emotions are the ________.
Dependent variable
In the experiment the actual measurement itself
Dependent variable
The benefit of naturalistic observations studies is
Do you want to see if the data that is collected in realistic setting
In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.
Double-blind
Researchers are conducting a study where they have concerns that the participant's beliefs and/or the experimenter's beliefs may skew the results. Therefore, they chose to conduct a ________ study.
Double-blind
Scientific knowledge is _______
Empirical
Which of the following is a scientific way of determining facts?
Empirical studies
3. ________ is the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression.
Epigenetics
Researchers might use _______ when providing participants with the full details of the experiment could skew their responses
Ethics
Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
John Watson
A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.
Longitudinal
________ research studies the same groups of participants over time.
Longitudinal
______ involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time
Longitudinal research
15. A(n) ________ uses magnetic fields to create pictures of a given tissue.
MRI
Based on your reading which theorist would be most likely to agree with the statement perceptual phenomena are best understood on a combination of their components
Max wertheimer
_______ involves observing behavior and individuals in their natural environment
Naturalistic observation
A negative correlation means ________.
One variable decreases as the other increases
Researchers must ______ important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined
Operationalize
An individuals consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as __________
Personality
Before psychology became a recognize academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in
Philosophy
Research describing a link between childhood vaccines and autism has been ________.
Retracted due to a financial conflict of interest by the author
A ________ is a graphical view of the strength and direction of a correlation.
Scatterplot
Behaviorism
Should only test on animals
The operant conditioning chamber (aka _______ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning
Skinner
A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.
Skinner box
Psyche is a Greek word meaning
Soul
Which statement best on the streets and negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam in the grade on that exam
Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exam
A ______ it's a list of questions developed by researcher that can be administered in paper form
Survey
________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.
Surveys
Scientific hypotheses are __________ and falsifiable
Testable
14. Damage to the ________ disrupts one's ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one's ability to produce words intact.
Wernicke's Area
The major limitation of case studies is
The inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population
A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.
Theory
Charles Darwin
Theory of evolutionary natural selection
A basic experiment involves a minimum of ________ participant group(s).
Two
Rogers believe that providing genuineness, empathy and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems
Unconditional positive regard
Objectivity
Uninfluenced by researcher
________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.
Validity
A persons participation in a research project must be
Voluntary
A major criticism of Freud's early theories involves the fact that his theories
Were not testable
A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives.
genetics
17. The two major hormones secreted from the pancreas are:
glucagon and insulin
Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.
her own conscious experience
_____ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions ( such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels
homeostasis
The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.
hormones
the endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as
hormones
Clive Wearing could remember which of the following types of memory?
how to play the piano
the _____ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system
pituitary
polygenic means that most traits are controlled by
more than one gene
1. A(n) ________ is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA.
mutation
7. Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of the ________.
myelin sheath
When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait.
neuroticism
The empirical method of study is based on ________.
observation
the ______ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract
parasympathetic
10. If your ________ is activated, you will feel relatively at ease.
parasympathetic nervous system
18. The ________ secretes messenger hormones that direct the function of the rest of the endocrine glands.
pituitary
20. The ________ secretes hormones that regulate the body's fluid levels.
pituitary
The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.
pituitary
What is Abraham Maslow best known for?
proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
12. Sympathetic activation is associated with ________.
pupil dilation and increased heart rate
asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we fall
range of reaction
Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.
receptors; receptors
The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain
reticular formation
The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.
reticular formation
Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response
running away
Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?
scientific theory
Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?
smell
which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus
smell
9. Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the ________ nervous system.
somatic