Digestive System and Metabolism Exam Study Guide (Pt. 3

Lacteals carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system. produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine. produce milk. increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. secrete digestive enzymes.

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.

Which of the following does not enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine? microvilli circular folds villi intestinal movements cilia

cilia

G cells of the stomach secrete cholecystokinin. enteropeptidase. secretin. pepsin. gastrin.

gastrin.

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is gastrin. cholecystokinin. rennin. secretin. enteropeptidase.

gastrin.

If you were to palpate the small intestine at the hypogastric region of a normal, healthy patient, which portion of their small intestine would you be feeling? ileum jejunum duodenum

ileum

Aggregated lymphoid nodules are characteristic of the ileum. jejunum. duodenum. stomach. colon.

ileum.

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the duodenum. appendix. ileum. haustrum. jejunum.

ileum.

Circular folds and intestinal villi increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. secrete digestive enzymes. produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine. produce hormones. carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries.

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

Which of the following descriptions is not related to cholecystokinin (CCK)? causes the gallbladder to contract and eject bile causes the relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter secreted when chyme enters the duodenum increases the sensation of hunger accelerates the production and secretion of digestive enzymes

increases the sensation of hunger

The middle segment of the small intestine is the jejunum. duodenum. cecum. pylorus. ileum.

jejunum.

The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is the cecum. colon. stomach. jejunum. duodenum.

jejunum.

The villi are most developed in the duodenum. colon. stomach. jejunum. esophagus.

jejunum.

Which of the following is not found in layer "3"? veins lymphatic vessels nerves arteries lacteals

lacteals

Name the layers of the small intestine from superficial to deep. (Module 22.12A) serosa, muscular layer, submucosa, mucosa mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa mucosa, submucosa, serosa, muscular layer submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscular layer muscular layer, serosa, submucosa, mucosa

mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa

Which structure controls the contraction of the muscular layer? circular layer of smooth muscle (9) longitudinal layer of smooth muscle (11) myenteric plexus (10) muscularis mucosae (2) submucosal plexus (8)

myenteric plexus (10)

Gastric pits are acid scars in the esophagus. involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach. hollows where proteins are stored. ridges in the body of the stomach. openings into gastric glands.

openings into gastric glands.

Chief cells secrete pepsinogen. hydrochloric acid. mucus. gastrin. intrinsic factor.

pepsinogen.

The enzyme pepsin digests lipids. carbohydrates. nucleic acids. proteins. vitamins.

proteins.

Does a high-fat meal raise or lower the level of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the blood? (Module 22.14C) raise lower

raise

All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach except that it is constantly being replaced. recycles bile. contains gastric pits. has a simple columnar epithelium. is covered by thick, alkaline mucus.

recycles bile.

What is the function of the structure labeled "6"? prevents food from entering the esophagus controls contraction of stomach muscles regulates release of chyme into the duodenum strains materials entering the stomach mixes stomach juice into food

regulates release of chyme into the duodenum

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is trypsin. rennin. cholecystokinin. pepsin. gastrin.

rennin.

The cecum and the vermiform appendix are physically located in the left inguinal region. left lumbar region. hypogastric region. right lumbar region. right inguinal region.

right inguinal region.

What is the function of parietal cells? (Module 22.11B) secrete pepsinogen secrete a variety of hormones secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid secrete mucous absorb nutrients

secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid

Which of the following is not true for the structure labeled "5"? It contributes to the mesentery of the small intestine. It is part of the visceral peritoneum. It contains brush border enzymes. It has a simple squamous epithelium. It is called the serosa.

It contains brush border enzymes.

How would the pH of the intestinal contents be affected if the small intestine did not produce secretin? (Module 22.14B) It would be more alkaline than normal It would be neutralized It would be more acidic than normal It would be more basic than normal It would not affect pH but it would increase mucous release

It would be more acidic than normal

An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands and dilation of intestinal capillaries is vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). secretin. gastrin. cholecystokinin. gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).

Identify the structures labeled "6." microvilli serosa villi circular folds lacteals

villi

Mary had most of her stomach surgically removed in an effort to overcome obesity. As a result, Mary can expect to be at risk for diarrhea. vitamin B12 deficiency. an ulcer. dehydration. protein malnutrition.

vitamin B12 deficiency.

Parietal cells and their secretions are not involved in erythropoiesis. the absorption of vitamin B12. activation of pepsinogen to pepsin. the release of bicarbonate into the stomach. the release of bicarbonate into the blood.

the release of bicarbonate into the stomach.

Where would you find a brush border? 2 4 6 9 10

6

Which structure helps the stomach to stretch as it fills with food? 3 4 5 6 9

9

Which of the following does not describe how products of fat digestion are absorbed and transported? Fats must pass through the simple columnar epithelium lining the small intestines. Brush border enzymes break down the fats so they can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream. Absorbed fatty acids are assembled into protein-lipid packages. Lacteals transport materials that cannot enter the blood capillaries. Lipid rich packages reach the venous circulation via the thoracic duct.

Brush border enzymes break down the fats so they can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream.

Describe the alkaline tide. (Module 22.11C) The alkaline tide is the activation of carbonic acid inside parietal cells. The alkaline tide is the active transport of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen. The alkaline tide is the sudden influx of bicarbonate ions into the bloodstream. The alkaline tide is the release of hormones that influence digestion. The alkaline tide is the release of intrinsic factor.

The alkaline tide is the sudden influx of bicarbonate ions into the bloodstream.

Describe the anatomy of the intestinal mucosa. (Module 22.12B) The intestinal mucosa is divided into regions called lobules. The intestinal mucosa has circular folds, villi, and intestinal glands. The intestinal mucosa is divided into red pulp and white pulp. The intestinal mucosa has a smooth surface. The intestinal mucosa has rugae and ciliated enterocytes.

The intestinal mucosa has circular folds, villi, and intestinal glands.

Explain the significance of the alkaline mucous layer lining the interior surface of the stomach. (Module 22.11A) The mucous layer modifies the pH of food for better digestion. The mucous layer protects epithelial cells from the acid and enzymes in the gastric lumen. The mucous layer activates antibodies to kill microorganisms in the gastric lumen. The mucous layer keeps food from sticking to the walls of the stomach so it can enter the small intestine. The mucous layer protects against foreign pathogens in the gastric lumen.

The mucous layer protects epithelial cells from the acid and enzymes in the gastric lumen.

What is the primary function of the duodenum? (Module 22.13C) The primary function of the duodenum is to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the small intestine. The primary function of the duodenum is to produce acid for the digestion of protein. The primary function of the duodenum is to absorb water. The primary function of the duodenum is to produce vitamin K. The primary function of the duodenum is to regulate the speed that food enters the large intestine.

The primary function of the duodenum is to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the small intestine.

Which of the following is not true of parietal cells? They release bicarbonate into the interstitial fluid that then enters the bloodstream. They produce bicarbonate by dissociation of carbonic acid. They import chloride ions from the interstitial fluid to produce hydrochloric acid in the gastric glands. They release bicarbonate into the lumen of gastric glands. They contain carbonic anhydrase that converts carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid.

They release bicarbonate into the lumen of gastric glands.

Explain the function of lacteals. (Module 22.12C) They transport materials that cannot enter lymphatic capillaries. They release defensins and lysozyme. They transport materials that cannot enter blood capillaries. They primarily deliver hormones to the digestive mucosa. They increase the surface area of the small intestine.

They transport materials that cannot enter blood capillaries.

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in decreased gastrin production. a higher pH in the stomach during gastric digestion. a lower pH in the stomach during gastric digestion. increased protein digestion in the stomach. decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells.

a higher pH in the stomach during gastric digestion.

A traumatic injury to the umbilical region could affect which segments of the small intestine? (Module 22.13D) only the jejunum would be affected the duodenum and jejunum would be affected only the ileum would be affected only the duodenum would be affected all three segments of the small intestine would be affected

all three segments of the small intestine would be affected

Circular folds are ridges on the external edges of the colon. abnormal structures formed by excessive pressure in the small intestine. circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine. ridges in the wall of the stomach. fingerlike projections on the surface of the mucosa of the small intestine.

circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.

Contraction of the muscle layer labeled "9" causes the digestive tract to constrict. secrete enzymes. fold for increased surface area. dilate. shorten.

constrict.

Identify the segment of the small intestine found within the epigastric region. (Module 22.13B) ileum duodenum cecum ileocecal valve jejunum

duodenum

Name the three segments of the small intestine from proximal to distal. (Module 22.13A) cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon duodenum, jejunum, ileum ileum, jejunum, cecum ileum, jejunum, duodenum jejunum, duodenum, cecum

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

The order of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is ileum, jejunum, duodenum. jejunum, duodenum, ileum. duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the liver. jejunum. ileum. duodenum. pancreas.

duodenum.

What type of epithelium covers the structures labeled "6"? stratified squamous simple columnar simple cuboidal pseudostratified ciliated columnar simple squamous

simple columnar

Duodenal glands are characteristic of the pancreas. liver. stomach. small intestine. large intestine.

small intestine.

The ________ mechanically digests ingested food. stomach large intestine anus small intestine esophagus

stomach