Wiley Plus Chapter 25 Animations & Test Bank
Insulin stimulates
Glycogenesis
Where can pyruvate dehydrogenase be found? a) Cytosol of the cell b) Plasma membrane c) Lysozyme d) Mitochondria e) Interstitial fluid
Mitochondria
Where does the Krebs cycle take place? a) Cytosol b) Plasma membrane c) Nucleus d) Mitochondria e) Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Thyroid hormones: a) Aid in glycogenesis b) Inhibit gluconeogensis c) Inhibit lipogenesis d) Promote glycolysis e) Promote gluconeogenesis
Promote glycolysis
Consistent temperature control is required to maintain efficient metabolism in the body.
True
The final fate of electrons in the electron transport chain is combining with _____ to form _____.
oxygen, water
How many ATPs can come from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis? a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4
2
How many reactions take place during the Krebs cycle? a) 4 b) 6 c) 8 d) 10 e) 12
8
When the terminal phosphate is cut off of ATP what is formed? a) Adenosine diphosphate b) GTP c) Adenosine monophosphate d) Metabolic water e) Glucose
Adenosine diphosphate
Glucose-6-phosphate a) Can be used to make ribose-5-phosphate b) Can be dephosphorylated to glucose c) Can be used to synthesize glycogen d) Can be converted to pyruvic acid e) All of these choices
All of these choices
Liver cells convert: a) Urea into ammonia b) Ammonia into lactic acid c) Lactic acid into urea d) Pyruvic acid into urea e) Ammonia into urea
Ammonia into urea
Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as a) Metabolism b) Anabolism c) Catabolism d) Metatheses e) None of these choices
Anabolism
Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect heat production? a) Exercise b) Hormones c) Nervous system d) Ingestion of food e) Blood volume
Blood volume
Keto acids a) Can enter the Krebs cycle b) Are used for ATP production c) Can be used to make lipids d) Can enter Krebs or be used for ATP production e) Convert into aldehydes in the liver
Can enter Krebs or be used for ATP production
Glycogenolysis is _____ and stimulated by _____. a) Anabolic, Insulin b) Catabolic, Epinephrine c) Catabolic, Insulin d) Anabolic, Epinephrine e) Metathesis, Insulin
Catabolic, Epinephrine
Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called: a) Metabolism b) Anabolism c) Catabolism d) Metatheses e) Oxidation reactions
Catabolism
Accumulation of a large amount of H+ between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, is described as a) Proton pump b) Chemiosmosis c) Krebs cycle d) ATP synthesis e) Glycolysis
Chemiosmosis
Which of the following transport dietary lipids? a) Apoproteins b) Low density lipoproteins c) Chylomicrons d) Very low density lipoproteins e) High density lipoproteins
Chylomicrons
Which of the following is a mechanism of heat transfer that involves direct contact? a) Conduction b) Convection c) Radiation d) Evaporation e) Metabolic rate
Conduction
Excess amino acids in the body are a) Excreted in urine b) Excreted in feces c) Converted into glucose d) Stored as ATP e) Converted into proteins
Converted into glucose
What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis? a) Insulin b) Human Growth hormone c) Epinephrine d) Thyroid hormone e) Cortisol
Cortisol
Where does glycolysis take place? a) Cytosol b) Plasma membrane c) Nucleus d) Mitochondria e) Golgi Apparatus
Cytosol
The majority of ATP is produced by which step of cell respiration?
Electron transport chain
Which of the following is a derivative of riboflavin? a) NAD b) FAD c) Lactic acid d) Pyruvic acid e) ADP
FAD
Amino acids cannot be used to generate ATP.
False
Glycolysis involved the anabolic conversion of two 3-carbon molecules into one 6-carbon molecule.
False
Insulin stimulates the breakdown of protein into amino acids.
False
Oxidized fatty acids can be used to generate ATP during glycolysis.
False
The electron transport chain is an anaerobic process.
False
Thyroid hormones do not stimulate lipolysis.
False
Glycolysis, formation of acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain are all involved in: a) Lipogensis b) Gluconeogenesis c) Glucose catabolism d) Formation of Glycogen e) Formation of vitamin C
Glucose catabolism
In the absorptive state, most glucose that enters the liver is converted to a) Pyruvic acid b) Glycogen c) Amino acids d) Insulin e) Glucase
Glycogen
Which of the following breaks up glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscle?
Glycogenolysis
The most dramatic metabolic change that occurs with fasting is a) Decrease in the formation of ketone bodies b) Increase in ATP production c) Inhibition of insulin d) Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure e) Increase in lipolysis
Increase in lipolysis
What hormone stimulates glycogenesis? a) Insulin b) Glucase c) Estrogen d) Lactic acid e) Protease
Insulin
Which of the following is not release when blood glucose is low?
Insulin
Which of the following will not stimulate lipolysis?
Insulin
Which reaction describes the oxidization of acetyl CoA to produce carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH + H+ and FADH2? a) Glycolysis b) Formation of acetyl co-A c) Krebs cycle d) Electron transport chain e) Phosphorylation
Krebs cycle
Cardiac muscles can produce ATP from a) Lactic acid b) Pyruvic acid c) Glucose-6-phosphate d) Proteins e) Lipids
Lactic acid
Which of the following is NOT a postabsorptive state reaction? a) Breakdown of liver glycogen b) Lipogenesis c) Gluconeogenesis using lactic acid d) Gluconeogenesis using amino acids e) None of these choices
Lipogenesis
Which process describes the synthesis of triglycerides? a) Gluconeogensis b) Lipogenesis c) Phosphorylation d) Glycolysis e) Lipolysis
Lipogenesis
Lipogenesis occurs when a) More calories are consumed than required for ATP need b) Less calories are consumed than required for ATP need c) More cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need d) Less cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need e) Gluconeogenesis fails
More calories are consumed than required for ATP need
Which of the following is not a fuel molecule?
NADH + H+
Most cholesterol medications are designed to: a) Inhibit excretion of bile in the feces b) Promote the absorption of cholesterol c) Decrease the filtration of cholesterol d) Inhibit glucose absorption e) None of these choices
None of these choices
Why is Calorie always spelled with a capital "C"? a) It is named after Dr. Calorie b) It is named for the country where it was discovered c) It is named after the province where it was discovered d) To distinguish it from the chemistry term calory e) None of these choices
None of these choices
Which of the following is not typically used as a fuel source to generate ATP?
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following is the key regulator of the rate of glycolysis? a) ATP b) NADH c) Phosphofructokinase d) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate e) FAD
Phosphofructokinase
Which of the following are used in "metabolic crossroads"? a) Pyruvic acid b) Glycogen c) Ribose d) ATP e) Lipase
Pyruvic acid
The most abundant product of the reactions of the Krebs cycle is a) Carbon dioxide b) GTP c) Reduced coenzymes d) pyruvate e) water
Reduced coenzymes
Which of the following is NOT a form of phosphorylation? a) Reduction phosphorylation b) Substrate level phosphorylation c) Oxidative phosphorylation d) Photophosphorylation e) None of these choices
Reduction phosphorylation
In the absorptive state a) Storage of energy is important b) Filtration is important c) Reabsorption is important d) Synthesis is important e) Production of heat is important
Storage of energy is important
Heat is lost to
The Environment
Acetyl CoA formed by beta oxidation of fatty acids can be used to generate ATP during
The Kreb's Cycle.
Reduction is the a) The removal of protons b) The removal of electrons c) The addition of protons d) The addition of electrons e) None of these choices
The addition of electrons
Heat homeostasis in the body is controlled by
The hypothalamus., Thermoreceptors.,Changes in metabolic rate.
Oxidation is a) The removal of protons b) The removal of electrons c) The addition of protons d) The addition of electrons e) None of these choices
The removal of electrons
A decrease in metabolism can lower body temperature.
True
ATP carries energy in the form of a high-energy phosphate bond.
True
Amino acids are not stored, like fats and carbohydrates.
True
Anabolism of glucose is essential to maintaining proper blood glucose levels.
True
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids converts them into acetyl CoA.
True
Body temperature is maintained by regulating heat production in response to heat lost to the environment.
True
Catabolism typically captures energy in the form of ATP.
True
Cellular respiration is required to harvest chemical energy in fuel molecules in order to sustain cellular processes.
True
Cortisol and glucagon cause the breakdown of lactic and amino acids.
True
Deaminated acids may eventually enter the Kreb's cycle to be oxidized and help form ATP.
True
Digestion hydrolyzes proteins into amino acids.
True
During the absorptive state, nutrients from the digestive system are either oxidized or stored.
True
During the post absorptive state, nutrients are mobilized from storages tissues, like adipose and liver cells.
True
Epinephrine and norepinephrine cause the production of glucose from lipids.
True
Epinephrine stimulates glycogenolysis.
True
Excessive catabolism of fatty acids can lead to the formation of ketone bodies.
True
Fatty acids can be oxidized to generate ATP.
True
Fever will increase the metabolic rate.
True
From all of the alternative fuel sources in the body, fatty acids contain the highest amount of energy.
True
Glycogenesis lowers blood sugar by converting glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscles.
True
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
True
Ingestion of a high protein meal can increase the metabolic rate by 10-20%.
True
Lipids are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glycerol.
True
Oxidation of amino acids in humans eventually produces urea, which is released in the urine.
True
Oxidative deamination forms toxic ammonium ions, as a by-product.
True
Oxidative reactions liberate energy in the form of hydrogen atoms from reduced coenzymes.
True
Red blood cells do not generate ATP efficiently, because they lack mitochondria.
True
Reduction of oxidized coenzymes allows for the transfer of energy from glucose to ATP
True
The aerobic steps within cell respiration occur inside the mitochondrion.
True
The flow of hydrogen ions provides force to power ATP synthase.
True
Thermoreceptors are found in the skin and nervous system. They can detect changes in body temperature.
True
ATP is generated by adding _____ to ADP.
a high energy phosphate
The electron transport chain creates ATP by moving _____ across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
hydrogens
Gluconeogenesis converts _____ into glucose.
lactic acids, amino acids, glycerol
Glycogenesis is NOT a) performed by the hepatocytes b) performed by muscle fibers c) one way to make glycogen d) one way to make glucose e) only seen in the liver
one way to make glucose
Amino acids can be
oxidized to generate ATP, used to synthesize new proteins, converted into triglycerides.
The net result of the complete oxidation of glucose does NOT include: a) water b) carbon dioxide c) ATP d) oxygen e) waste heat
oxygen
Glycerol is first converted into _____ in order to be used to generate ATP.
pyruvic acid
Fasting for _____ will cause the breakdown of proteins and lipids in the body.
several days
Heat can be lost by all of the following except
shivering.
Body heat can be promoted by all of the following except
sweating.
Blood circulation towards _____ will conserve body heat.
the core
The parts of the hypothalamus that control body temperature include all of the following except the heat-producing center. the pituitary gland. the heat-losing center. the pre-optic region.
the pituitary gland.
In a positive feedback loop for body temperature control, body heat would continue to rise until
the starting signal was lost.