Wiley Plus Chapter 25 Animations & Test Bank

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Insulin stimulates

Glycogenesis

Where can pyruvate dehydrogenase be found? a) Cytosol of the cell b) Plasma membrane c) Lysozyme d) Mitochondria e) Interstitial fluid

Mitochondria

Where does the Krebs cycle take place? a) Cytosol b) Plasma membrane c) Nucleus d) Mitochondria e) Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Thyroid hormones: a) Aid in glycogenesis b) Inhibit gluconeogensis c) Inhibit lipogenesis d) Promote glycolysis e) Promote gluconeogenesis

Promote glycolysis

Consistent temperature control is required to maintain efficient metabolism in the body.

True

The final fate of electrons in the electron transport chain is combining with _____ to form _____.

oxygen, water

How many ATPs can come from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis? a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4

2

How many reactions take place during the Krebs cycle? a) 4 b) 6 c) 8 d) 10 e) 12

8

When the terminal phosphate is cut off of ATP what is formed? a) Adenosine diphosphate b) GTP c) Adenosine monophosphate d) Metabolic water e) Glucose

Adenosine diphosphate

Glucose-6-phosphate a) Can be used to make ribose-5-phosphate b) Can be dephosphorylated to glucose c) Can be used to synthesize glycogen d) Can be converted to pyruvic acid e) All of these choices

All of these choices

Liver cells convert: a) Urea into ammonia b) Ammonia into lactic acid c) Lactic acid into urea d) Pyruvic acid into urea e) Ammonia into urea

Ammonia into urea

Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as a) Metabolism b) Anabolism c) Catabolism d) Metatheses e) None of these choices

Anabolism

Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect heat production? a) Exercise b) Hormones c) Nervous system d) Ingestion of food e) Blood volume

Blood volume

Keto acids a) Can enter the Krebs cycle b) Are used for ATP production c) Can be used to make lipids d) Can enter Krebs or be used for ATP production e) Convert into aldehydes in the liver

Can enter Krebs or be used for ATP production

Glycogenolysis is _____ and stimulated by _____. a) Anabolic, Insulin b) Catabolic, Epinephrine c) Catabolic, Insulin d) Anabolic, Epinephrine e) Metathesis, Insulin

Catabolic, Epinephrine

Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called: a) Metabolism b) Anabolism c) Catabolism d) Metatheses e) Oxidation reactions

Catabolism

Accumulation of a large amount of H+ between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, is described as a) Proton pump b) Chemiosmosis c) Krebs cycle d) ATP synthesis e) Glycolysis

Chemiosmosis

Which of the following transport dietary lipids? a) Apoproteins b) Low density lipoproteins c) Chylomicrons d) Very low density lipoproteins e) High density lipoproteins

Chylomicrons

Which of the following is a mechanism of heat transfer that involves direct contact? a) Conduction b) Convection c) Radiation d) Evaporation e) Metabolic rate

Conduction

Excess amino acids in the body are a) Excreted in urine b) Excreted in feces c) Converted into glucose d) Stored as ATP e) Converted into proteins

Converted into glucose

What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis? a) Insulin b) Human Growth hormone c) Epinephrine d) Thyroid hormone e) Cortisol

Cortisol

Where does glycolysis take place? a) Cytosol b) Plasma membrane c) Nucleus d) Mitochondria e) Golgi Apparatus

Cytosol

The majority of ATP is produced by which step of cell respiration?

Electron transport chain

Which of the following is a derivative of riboflavin? a) NAD b) FAD c) Lactic acid d) Pyruvic acid e) ADP

FAD

Amino acids cannot be used to generate ATP.

False

Glycolysis involved the anabolic conversion of two 3-carbon molecules into one 6-carbon molecule.

False

Insulin stimulates the breakdown of protein into amino acids.

False

Oxidized fatty acids can be used to generate ATP during glycolysis.

False

The electron transport chain is an anaerobic process.

False

Thyroid hormones do not stimulate lipolysis.

False

Glycolysis, formation of acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain are all involved in: a) Lipogensis b) Gluconeogenesis c) Glucose catabolism d) Formation of Glycogen e) Formation of vitamin C

Glucose catabolism

In the absorptive state, most glucose that enters the liver is converted to a) Pyruvic acid b) Glycogen c) Amino acids d) Insulin e) Glucase

Glycogen

Which of the following breaks up glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscle?

Glycogenolysis

The most dramatic metabolic change that occurs with fasting is a) Decrease in the formation of ketone bodies b) Increase in ATP production c) Inhibition of insulin d) Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure e) Increase in lipolysis

Increase in lipolysis

What hormone stimulates glycogenesis? a) Insulin b) Glucase c) Estrogen d) Lactic acid e) Protease

Insulin

Which of the following is not release when blood glucose is low?

Insulin

Which of the following will not stimulate lipolysis?

Insulin

Which reaction describes the oxidization of acetyl CoA to produce carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH + H+ and FADH2? a) Glycolysis b) Formation of acetyl co-A c) Krebs cycle d) Electron transport chain e) Phosphorylation

Krebs cycle

Cardiac muscles can produce ATP from a) Lactic acid b) Pyruvic acid c) Glucose-6-phosphate d) Proteins e) Lipids

Lactic acid

Which of the following is NOT a postabsorptive state reaction? a) Breakdown of liver glycogen b) Lipogenesis c) Gluconeogenesis using lactic acid d) Gluconeogenesis using amino acids e) None of these choices

Lipogenesis

Which process describes the synthesis of triglycerides? a) Gluconeogensis b) Lipogenesis c) Phosphorylation d) Glycolysis e) Lipolysis

Lipogenesis

Lipogenesis occurs when a) More calories are consumed than required for ATP need b) Less calories are consumed than required for ATP need c) More cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need d) Less cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need e) Gluconeogenesis fails

More calories are consumed than required for ATP need

Which of the following is not a fuel molecule?

NADH + H+

Most cholesterol medications are designed to: a) Inhibit excretion of bile in the feces b) Promote the absorption of cholesterol c) Decrease the filtration of cholesterol d) Inhibit glucose absorption e) None of these choices

None of these choices

Why is Calorie always spelled with a capital "C"? a) It is named after Dr. Calorie b) It is named for the country where it was discovered c) It is named after the province where it was discovered d) To distinguish it from the chemistry term calory e) None of these choices

None of these choices

Which of the following is not typically used as a fuel source to generate ATP?

Nucleic Acids

Which of the following is the key regulator of the rate of glycolysis? a) ATP b) NADH c) Phosphofructokinase d) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate e) FAD

Phosphofructokinase

Which of the following are used in "metabolic crossroads"? a) Pyruvic acid b) Glycogen c) Ribose d) ATP e) Lipase

Pyruvic acid

The most abundant product of the reactions of the Krebs cycle is a) Carbon dioxide b) GTP c) Reduced coenzymes d) pyruvate e) water

Reduced coenzymes

Which of the following is NOT a form of phosphorylation? a) Reduction phosphorylation b) Substrate level phosphorylation c) Oxidative phosphorylation d) Photophosphorylation e) None of these choices

Reduction phosphorylation

In the absorptive state a) Storage of energy is important b) Filtration is important c) Reabsorption is important d) Synthesis is important e) Production of heat is important

Storage of energy is important

Heat is lost to

The Environment

Acetyl CoA formed by beta oxidation of fatty acids can be used to generate ATP during

The Kreb's Cycle.

Reduction is the a) The removal of protons b) The removal of electrons c) The addition of protons d) The addition of electrons e) None of these choices

The addition of electrons

Heat homeostasis in the body is controlled by

The hypothalamus., Thermoreceptors.,Changes in metabolic rate.

Oxidation is a) The removal of protons b) The removal of electrons c) The addition of protons d) The addition of electrons e) None of these choices

The removal of electrons

A decrease in metabolism can lower body temperature.

True

ATP carries energy in the form of a high-energy phosphate bond.

True

Amino acids are not stored, like fats and carbohydrates.

True

Anabolism of glucose is essential to maintaining proper blood glucose levels.

True

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids converts them into acetyl CoA.

True

Body temperature is maintained by regulating heat production in response to heat lost to the environment.

True

Catabolism typically captures energy in the form of ATP.

True

Cellular respiration is required to harvest chemical energy in fuel molecules in order to sustain cellular processes.

True

Cortisol and glucagon cause the breakdown of lactic and amino acids.

True

Deaminated acids may eventually enter the Kreb's cycle to be oxidized and help form ATP.

True

Digestion hydrolyzes proteins into amino acids.

True

During the absorptive state, nutrients from the digestive system are either oxidized or stored.

True

During the post absorptive state, nutrients are mobilized from storages tissues, like adipose and liver cells.

True

Epinephrine and norepinephrine cause the production of glucose from lipids.

True

Epinephrine stimulates glycogenolysis.

True

Excessive catabolism of fatty acids can lead to the formation of ketone bodies.

True

Fatty acids can be oxidized to generate ATP.

True

Fever will increase the metabolic rate.

True

From all of the alternative fuel sources in the body, fatty acids contain the highest amount of energy.

True

Glycogenesis lowers blood sugar by converting glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscles.

True

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.

True

Ingestion of a high protein meal can increase the metabolic rate by 10-20%.

True

Lipids are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glycerol.

True

Oxidation of amino acids in humans eventually produces urea, which is released in the urine.

True

Oxidative deamination forms toxic ammonium ions, as a by-product.

True

Oxidative reactions liberate energy in the form of hydrogen atoms from reduced coenzymes.

True

Red blood cells do not generate ATP efficiently, because they lack mitochondria.

True

Reduction of oxidized coenzymes allows for the transfer of energy from glucose to ATP

True

The aerobic steps within cell respiration occur inside the mitochondrion.

True

The flow of hydrogen ions provides force to power ATP synthase.

True

Thermoreceptors are found in the skin and nervous system. They can detect changes in body temperature.

True

ATP is generated by adding _____ to ADP.

a high energy phosphate

The electron transport chain creates ATP by moving _____ across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

hydrogens

Gluconeogenesis converts _____ into glucose.

lactic acids, amino acids, glycerol

Glycogenesis is NOT a) performed by the hepatocytes b) performed by muscle fibers c) one way to make glycogen d) one way to make glucose e) only seen in the liver

one way to make glucose

Amino acids can be

oxidized to generate ATP, used to synthesize new proteins, converted into triglycerides.

The net result of the complete oxidation of glucose does NOT include: a) water b) carbon dioxide c) ATP d) oxygen e) waste heat

oxygen

Glycerol is first converted into _____ in order to be used to generate ATP.

pyruvic acid

Fasting for _____ will cause the breakdown of proteins and lipids in the body.

several days

Heat can be lost by all of the following except

shivering.

Body heat can be promoted by all of the following except

sweating.

Blood circulation towards _____ will conserve body heat.

the core

The parts of the hypothalamus that control body temperature include all of the following except the heat-producing center. the pituitary gland. the heat-losing center. the pre-optic region.

the pituitary gland.

In a positive feedback loop for body temperature control, body heat would continue to rise until

the starting signal was lost.


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