WNS 210 - Test 2
Lesbian continuum
"The range - through each woman's life and throughout history - of woman-identified experience" Adrienne Rich
Caballerismo
A code of conduct (within Latino culture) for men marked by respectful manners and chivalry; derived from the Spanish word caballero, meaning horseman.
Boy-wife
A practice among Azande people (African) in which men were allowed to pay a lower bride price for a male youth who would take on the gender role of a wife
ideal viewer
A specific imagined viewer, often (but not necessarily) white, male and heterosexual
Model minority
A stereotype that characterizes all Asians and Asian Americans as hardworking and serious and so a "good" minority.
Value-expressive homophobia
A type of homophobia in which individuals express homophobia as part of a broader value system of right and wrong, such as a conservative religious ideology.
great masculine renunciation
Beginning in 1666, England's King Charles II set out to create a new restrained fashion in men's clothing, ushering in the era of the three-piece suit and modern masculinity, which "has been associated with modesty and plainness in dress" (Kuchta, p. 2). Upper- and middle-class men came to renounce conspicuous consumption in dress.
Racism
Belief that one race is superior to another
Malinche
Female Indian slave who served as interpreter for Cortes
Ethnic group
Group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or combination of such characteristics
Race
Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor.
Accidental property
Inessential property, a property that is not necessary for an entity to be what it is
Storms' Scale
Michael D. Storms-measure sexual orientation based on type, extent, and frequency of a person's erotic fantasies
Bamboo ceiling
Obstacles to Asian-American advancement to managerial or executive positions in the workplace.
voyeur
Peeping Tom; person who derives sexual gratification from observing the sexual acts of others
Monosexuals
People with a sexual orientation toward only one sex
Golden Orchid Associations
Practice in Pearl River delta region of China in 19th and early 20th century in which unmarried women (many working in the silk industry) became "sworn sisters." These relationships were sometimes sexual in nature.
Compulsory heterosexuality
Term coined by Adrienne Rich to refer to the fact that economic, social, and political forces "have enforced or insured the coupling of women with men."
commodification
The act of turning something or someone into or treating something or someone as an object to be bought, sold, or traded.
Sexual stigma
The negative regard, inferior status, and relative powerlessness that society collectively accords to any nonheterosexual behavior, identity, relationship, or community
Latino threat narrative
The perception in popular discourse that Latino migrants posed a national security risk in America.
walking while Black
The practice of racially profiling Black people while they are walking; treating Black pedestrians as suspicious simply for the act of walking. Spin-off of term "driving while Black."
Strategic essentialism
The use of essentialist labels although they are recognized to be inaccurate because they help achieve important short-term political objectives
Differential treatment
Unequal treatment of a class of people, for example banning gay marriage.
In(significance)/In(visibility)
Valerie Traub - idea that certain forms of sexual activity are at times considered trivial and therefore rendered invisible and at other times are important and become visible
(im)possibility
Valerie Traub - idea that in early modern England the very notion of lesbian sexual activity was at times conceived as a possibility and at other times impossible
Cycles of salience
Valerie Traub's term to describe how different aspects of female same-sex relationships become more prominent in specific historical periods. As a result, sometimes female same-sex relationships are seen as acceptable and other times as suspect.
Chaste femme love
Valerie Traub-idea that women's close and sometimes sexual relationships were accepted as a way of preserving the chastity of women with regard to men
Kinsey Scale
a 7-point scale of sexual orientation devised by Alfred Kinsey
Essentialism
a doctrine that certain traditional concepts, ideals, and skills are essential to society and should be taught methodically to all students, regardless of individual ability, need, etc.
politics of respectability
a form of resistance to negative racial stereotypes that involves being "good" and following conservative norms of appearance and behavior
metrosexual
a heterosexual male with a refined sense of fashion and taste with a preoccupation on their appearance
Pansexual
a person who experiences sexual, romantic, physical, and/or spiritual attraction for members of all gender identities/expressions
Bagburu relationships
a practice among the Azande people (African) in which a woman was given permission to enter into a formal bond of friendship with another woman, sometimes providing "respectable cover" for female same-sex sexual activity
Essential property
a property a thing cannot lose without ceasing to exist
Patrilocality
a residential pattern where a married couple lives with or near the husband's family
Pederasty
a same-sex sexual behavior between adult men and boys
aesthetics
a set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, especially in art.
Heteronormativity
a term coined by Michael Warner to stand for the idea that "heterosexual culture thinks of itself as the elemental form of human association"
Klein Grid
a tool to measure sexual orientation developed by Fritz Klein in which 7 dimensions are assessed during the past, present, and the person's ideal: 1. sexual attraction 2. sexual behavior 3. sexual fantasies 4. emotional preferences 5. social preferences 6. self-identification 7. heterosexual/homosexual lifestyle
Defensive-expressive homophobia
a type of homophobia in which individuals (men) express homophobia as a way to cope with anxiety over their own heterosexual masculinity
Social-epressive homophobia
a type of homophobia in which individuals try to gain the approval of others and enhance their own self-esteem
Machismo
an emphasis on male strength and dominance
Rule of masculine self-restraint
ancient roman rule of sexual conduct in which a free born man should limit sexual activity to his Wife or, if outside of marriage, to slaves or prostitutes
Prime directive of masculine sexual behavior
ancient roman rule of sexual conduct in which the man must always give the appearance of playing the insertive role in penetrative sex acts
Phallocentrism
attitude in which attention revolves around the phallus or penis
Bisexual
attracted to both sexes
Love Jones cohort
black people who are single and living alone
Instutitional homophobia/heterosexism
cultural idea that embodies practices that disadvantage sexual minorities
total discrimination
current and past discrimination
male gaze
describes the way in which women become objects of sexual objects in films and other media; to look at and judge someone's appearance is active, and therefore masculine, but to be the object of that gaze and judgement is passive, and therefore feminine
colorism
differential treatment based on skin tone that generally manifests itself as a preference for lighter colored skin
Homophile organizations
early name for gay rights organizations
Microaggressions
everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, which communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership
Tribade
female homosexual; lesbian
Marianismo
idealized stereotype for women, involves being virtuous, sexually pure, subservient, ready to suffer in silence
Boston Marriage
in 19th century New England, two women lived together in a long-term relationship-seemingly sexually intimate, but not
Transphobia
intense dislike of or prejudice against transsexual or transgender people.
Pasivo sex role
male-on-male sexual relationship, the male who is penetrated
Object choice model of sexual identity
model in which sexual orientation is determined by the sex of the person who is attracted to another and the sex of the person one is attracted to
Gender-based model of sexual identity
model of sexual orientation determined by the gender presentation (rather than sex) of the people who are attracted to each other
Mummy-baby relationships
modern practice in certain African countries between adolescent girls and young women in which one takes on the role of "mommy" and the other "baby" - often emotionally and physically intimate
Personification of homosexuality
modern western conception of an individual who engages in same-sex sexual activity as being a kind of person, a homosexual
Modern regime of sexuality
modern western conception of homosexuals as a type of person
Homonegativity
negative attitudes toward homosexuality
Ally
non LGBTQQIAA members who support the movement
Domestic heterosexuality
notion that marriage should involve both love and erotic desire on the part of a husband and wife for each other, and that such domestic partners should "invest more of their emotional life into each other and express it through sex"
Phenotypical traits
observable physical characteristics and behaviors
fat
overweight and obese
Hijra
people, mostly assigned male at birth, who adopt female dress and ideally renounce sexual desire and sex and undergo penis removal
Sou hei ceremony
performed in the Pearl River Delta region of China in 19 and 20th centuries as an alternative to a marriage ceremony in which the female took a vow to remain celibate and unmarried
exoticize
portray (someone or something unfamiliar) as exotic or unusual; romanticize or glamorize.
Heterosexism
prejudice against homosexuals and bisexuals
Perversion of lesbian desire
process by which intense romantic relationships between women came to be seen as improper and threatening to new visions of marriage that emerged in the late 17th century in Europe
Internalized homophobia
refers to the repulsion some people feel in response to their own feelings of attraction to other members of their sex
white privilege
rights or immunities granted as a particular benefit or favor for being white
Homosocial
same-sex friendship of the kind seen in female- or male-bonding activities
vendida
sellout; used to describe Latinas who stray outside the prescriptive bounds of marianismo
health at every size
shifts focus from a weight management to health promotion, weight loss isn't the goal. encourages body acceptance instead of weight loss or maintenance. supports intuitive eating
Queer theory
social theory about gender and sexual identity; emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects ideas of innate identities or restrictive categories
Socioeconomic status
status in society based on level of education, income, and occupational prestige
Activo sex role
term used to refer to men who play the insertive role among men who have sex with men in some Latin American cultures
Cool pose
the appearance of aloofness and superiority, which is meant to convey pride, strength, control, and emotionlessness
Heterocentrism
the belief that heterosexuality should be central and normal in contrast to other sexual orientations that are marginal, abnormal, and inferior
Homosexual identity as a movement
the emergence of the idea of homosexuals as a group with their own cultural norms and practices and, by extension, the idea that gay people deserve equality
Homosexualities
the idea that there are varying ways of schematizing same-sex desire and same-sex sexual activity, and same-sex relationships across time and cultures
Essence
the most important ingredient; the crucial element
Othering
the perception or representation of a person or group of people as fundamentally alien from another, frequently more powerful, group
fragmentation
the reduction of a person to a particular body part while neglecting the person as a whole; a strategy sometimes used by advertisers
objectification
the seeing and/or treating a person, usually a woman, as an object
Historicism
the theory that social and cultural phenomena are determined by history
embodiment
the way our bodies are and interact with the world to create social meaning
Racialization
to categorize, differentiate, and attribute a particular racial character to a person or group of people
Discrimination
unequal treatment of various categories of people
Questioning
used to identify people who are seeking to explore their identification with regard to sexual orientation
Disparate impact
when equal treatment results in unequal impact (even if unintentional)