WNS 210 - Test 2

Lesbian continuum

"The range - through each woman's life and throughout history - of woman-identified experience" Adrienne Rich

Caballerismo

A code of conduct (within Latino culture) for men marked by respectful manners and chivalry; derived from the Spanish word caballero, meaning horseman.

Boy-wife

A practice among Azande people (African) in which men were allowed to pay a lower bride price for a male youth who would take on the gender role of a wife

ideal viewer

A specific imagined viewer, often (but not necessarily) white, male and heterosexual

Model minority

A stereotype that characterizes all Asians and Asian Americans as hardworking and serious and so a "good" minority.

Value-expressive homophobia

A type of homophobia in which individuals express homophobia as part of a broader value system of right and wrong, such as a conservative religious ideology.

great masculine renunciation

Beginning in 1666, England's King Charles II set out to create a new restrained fashion in men's clothing, ushering in the era of the three-piece suit and modern masculinity, which "has been associated with modesty and plainness in dress" (Kuchta, p. 2). Upper- and middle-class men came to renounce conspicuous consumption in dress.

Racism

Belief that one race is superior to another

Malinche

Female Indian slave who served as interpreter for Cortes

Ethnic group

Group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or combination of such characteristics

Race

Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor.

Accidental property

Inessential property, a property that is not necessary for an entity to be what it is

Storms' Scale

Michael D. Storms-measure sexual orientation based on type, extent, and frequency of a person's erotic fantasies

Bamboo ceiling

Obstacles to Asian-American advancement to managerial or executive positions in the workplace.

voyeur

Peeping Tom; person who derives sexual gratification from observing the sexual acts of others

Monosexuals

People with a sexual orientation toward only one sex

Golden Orchid Associations

Practice in Pearl River delta region of China in 19th and early 20th century in which unmarried women (many working in the silk industry) became "sworn sisters." These relationships were sometimes sexual in nature.

Compulsory heterosexuality

Term coined by Adrienne Rich to refer to the fact that economic, social, and political forces "have enforced or insured the coupling of women with men."

commodification

The act of turning something or someone into or treating something or someone as an object to be bought, sold, or traded.

Sexual stigma

The negative regard, inferior status, and relative powerlessness that society collectively accords to any nonheterosexual behavior, identity, relationship, or community

Latino threat narrative

The perception in popular discourse that Latino migrants posed a national security risk in America.

walking while Black

The practice of racially profiling Black people while they are walking; treating Black pedestrians as suspicious simply for the act of walking. Spin-off of term "driving while Black."

Strategic essentialism

The use of essentialist labels although they are recognized to be inaccurate because they help achieve important short-term political objectives

Differential treatment

Unequal treatment of a class of people, for example banning gay marriage.

In(significance)/In(visibility)

Valerie Traub - idea that certain forms of sexual activity are at times considered trivial and therefore rendered invisible and at other times are important and become visible

(im)possibility

Valerie Traub - idea that in early modern England the very notion of lesbian sexual activity was at times conceived as a possibility and at other times impossible

Cycles of salience

Valerie Traub's term to describe how different aspects of female same-sex relationships become more prominent in specific historical periods. As a result, sometimes female same-sex relationships are seen as acceptable and other times as suspect.

Chaste femme love

Valerie Traub-idea that women's close and sometimes sexual relationships were accepted as a way of preserving the chastity of women with regard to men

Kinsey Scale

a 7-point scale of sexual orientation devised by Alfred Kinsey

Essentialism

a doctrine that certain traditional concepts, ideals, and skills are essential to society and should be taught methodically to all students, regardless of individual ability, need, etc.

politics of respectability

a form of resistance to negative racial stereotypes that involves being "good" and following conservative norms of appearance and behavior

metrosexual

a heterosexual male with a refined sense of fashion and taste with a preoccupation on their appearance

Pansexual

a person who experiences sexual, romantic, physical, and/or spiritual attraction for members of all gender identities/expressions

Bagburu relationships

a practice among the Azande people (African) in which a woman was given permission to enter into a formal bond of friendship with another woman, sometimes providing "respectable cover" for female same-sex sexual activity

Essential property

a property a thing cannot lose without ceasing to exist

Patrilocality

a residential pattern where a married couple lives with or near the husband's family

Pederasty

a same-sex sexual behavior between adult men and boys

aesthetics

a set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, especially in art.

Heteronormativity

a term coined by Michael Warner to stand for the idea that "heterosexual culture thinks of itself as the elemental form of human association"

Klein Grid

a tool to measure sexual orientation developed by Fritz Klein in which 7 dimensions are assessed during the past, present, and the person's ideal: 1. sexual attraction 2. sexual behavior 3. sexual fantasies 4. emotional preferences 5. social preferences 6. self-identification 7. heterosexual/homosexual lifestyle

Defensive-expressive homophobia

a type of homophobia in which individuals (men) express homophobia as a way to cope with anxiety over their own heterosexual masculinity

Social-epressive homophobia

a type of homophobia in which individuals try to gain the approval of others and enhance their own self-esteem

Machismo

an emphasis on male strength and dominance

Rule of masculine self-restraint

ancient roman rule of sexual conduct in which a free born man should limit sexual activity to his Wife or, if outside of marriage, to slaves or prostitutes

Prime directive of masculine sexual behavior

ancient roman rule of sexual conduct in which the man must always give the appearance of playing the insertive role in penetrative sex acts

Phallocentrism

attitude in which attention revolves around the phallus or penis

Bisexual

attracted to both sexes

Love Jones cohort

black people who are single and living alone

Instutitional homophobia/heterosexism

cultural idea that embodies practices that disadvantage sexual minorities

total discrimination

current and past discrimination

male gaze

describes the way in which women become objects of sexual objects in films and other media; to look at and judge someone's appearance is active, and therefore masculine, but to be the object of that gaze and judgement is passive, and therefore feminine

colorism

differential treatment based on skin tone that generally manifests itself as a preference for lighter colored skin

Homophile organizations

early name for gay rights organizations

Microaggressions

everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, which communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership

Tribade

female homosexual; lesbian

Marianismo

idealized stereotype for women, involves being virtuous, sexually pure, subservient, ready to suffer in silence

Boston Marriage

in 19th century New England, two women lived together in a long-term relationship-seemingly sexually intimate, but not

Transphobia

intense dislike of or prejudice against transsexual or transgender people.

Pasivo sex role

male-on-male sexual relationship, the male who is penetrated

Object choice model of sexual identity

model in which sexual orientation is determined by the sex of the person who is attracted to another and the sex of the person one is attracted to

Gender-based model of sexual identity

model of sexual orientation determined by the gender presentation (rather than sex) of the people who are attracted to each other

Mummy-baby relationships

modern practice in certain African countries between adolescent girls and young women in which one takes on the role of "mommy" and the other "baby" - often emotionally and physically intimate

Personification of homosexuality

modern western conception of an individual who engages in same-sex sexual activity as being a kind of person, a homosexual

Modern regime of sexuality

modern western conception of homosexuals as a type of person

Homonegativity

negative attitudes toward homosexuality

Ally

non LGBTQQIAA members who support the movement

Domestic heterosexuality

notion that marriage should involve both love and erotic desire on the part of a husband and wife for each other, and that such domestic partners should "invest more of their emotional life into each other and express it through sex"

Phenotypical traits

observable physical characteristics and behaviors

fat

overweight and obese

Hijra

people, mostly assigned male at birth, who adopt female dress and ideally renounce sexual desire and sex and undergo penis removal

Sou hei ceremony

performed in the Pearl River Delta region of China in 19 and 20th centuries as an alternative to a marriage ceremony in which the female took a vow to remain celibate and unmarried

exoticize

portray (someone or something unfamiliar) as exotic or unusual; romanticize or glamorize.

Heterosexism

prejudice against homosexuals and bisexuals

Perversion of lesbian desire

process by which intense romantic relationships between women came to be seen as improper and threatening to new visions of marriage that emerged in the late 17th century in Europe

Internalized homophobia

refers to the repulsion some people feel in response to their own feelings of attraction to other members of their sex

white privilege

rights or immunities granted as a particular benefit or favor for being white

Homosocial

same-sex friendship of the kind seen in female- or male-bonding activities

vendida

sellout; used to describe Latinas who stray outside the prescriptive bounds of marianismo

health at every size

shifts focus from a weight management to health promotion, weight loss isn't the goal. encourages body acceptance instead of weight loss or maintenance. supports intuitive eating

Queer theory

social theory about gender and sexual identity; emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects ideas of innate identities or restrictive categories

Socioeconomic status

status in society based on level of education, income, and occupational prestige

Activo sex role

term used to refer to men who play the insertive role among men who have sex with men in some Latin American cultures

Cool pose

the appearance of aloofness and superiority, which is meant to convey pride, strength, control, and emotionlessness

Heterocentrism

the belief that heterosexuality should be central and normal in contrast to other sexual orientations that are marginal, abnormal, and inferior

Homosexual identity as a movement

the emergence of the idea of homosexuals as a group with their own cultural norms and practices and, by extension, the idea that gay people deserve equality

Homosexualities

the idea that there are varying ways of schematizing same-sex desire and same-sex sexual activity, and same-sex relationships across time and cultures

Essence

the most important ingredient; the crucial element

Othering

the perception or representation of a person or group of people as fundamentally alien from another, frequently more powerful, group

fragmentation

the reduction of a person to a particular body part while neglecting the person as a whole; a strategy sometimes used by advertisers

objectification

the seeing and/or treating a person, usually a woman, as an object

Historicism

the theory that social and cultural phenomena are determined by history

embodiment

the way our bodies are and interact with the world to create social meaning

Racialization

to categorize, differentiate, and attribute a particular racial character to a person or group of people

Discrimination

unequal treatment of various categories of people

Questioning

used to identify people who are seeking to explore their identification with regard to sexual orientation

Disparate impact

when equal treatment results in unequal impact (even if unintentional)