World Civilizations Ch. 17

Machiavelli's concept of virtù, of an intuitive leader, was derived in part from the political theories of

Aristotle.

Coffeehouses allowed the literate urban public to meet, read __________, and exchange ideas.

Daily newspapers.

At the end of the Thirty Year's war, who emerged as the dominant power in Europe?

France

What did the Edict of Nantes in 1598, issued by King Henry IV, promise?

Freedom of religion for French Calvinists.

What New Scientist rediscovered the theories of Archimedes on floating bodies?

Gaileleo

Humanism was an intellectual movement focused on human culture, in such fields as philosophy, philology, and literature, and based on the corpus of ___________ texts.

Greek and Roman.

Isaac Newton's ___________Principles of Natural Philosophy, published in 1687, was the towering achievement of the New Sciences.

Mathematical.

Who granted the Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia the title of "king" in 1701?

The Holy Roman Emperor

The main impulse for the revivalist movement known as the "Great Awakening" of the 1730s and 1740s was:

The imposition of Catholic doctrine on Anglican churches in Massachusetts and Virginia.

When Dutch Calvinists revolted in 1565, what did they do to Catholic churches?

They stripped them of images and sculpture.

Blaise Pascal's theories about altitude and air pressure led to what practical application of the vacuum?

Weather-forecasting

One factor causing the Protestant Reformation was the raising of revenue by the church through the indulgence, for

ambitious building projects.

What new branch of mathematics did Newton and Leibniz simultaneously develop?

calculus

In the seventeenth century, the preferred non-alcoholic drink in Western Europe was

coffee.

Charles I of England was forced to summon Parliament in 1642 when he needed

money, since his tax revenues had run out.

In 1632 Galileo was sentenced to house arrest for his support of Copernicus's heliocentric theory because it was viewed by the Inquisition as a contradiction of

scripture

What aspect of government continued to represent a decentralizing force, even in absolute monarchies such as Louis XIV's France?

tax collection

Hobbes speculated that humans in a state of nature would always choose to:

wage war.

A central doctrine of Calvin's Protestantism was his belief in

predestination to heaven or hell.