World History A CP-Unit 4 Review

Racism

The belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race.

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

What were the four methods of Europe colonial control that emerged over time?

The four methods of control were: colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, and economic imperialism.

Why did European powers race each other to claim land in Southeast Asia?

They desired the land for its strategic location along the sea routes to China and their sources of tropical agriculture, minerals, and oil.

Name the outcomes of the Berlin Conferences in 1884 and 1885.

This conference laid down the rules for the division of Africa- There was no thought to how ethnic or linguistic groups were distributed.

Name three motives behind the Europe race for colonies.

(1) Economic, (2)Socially/Religiously, and (3)Politically/Militarily

Boer

A Dutch colonist in South Africa, usually a farmer.

Monroe Doctrine

A US policy of opposition of Europe interference in Latin America, announced by president James Monroe in 1823.

Shaka

A Zulu chief who used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a larger centralized state in southern Africa.

Boer War

A conflict lasting from 1899-1902 in which the boers and the British fought for control of territory in South Africa.

Panama Canal

A human-made waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans built in Panama by the United States and opened in 1914.

Caudillo

A military dictator of a Latin American country.

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically or socially.

Paternalism

A policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing of their need but not giving them their rights.

Assimilation

A policy of which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institution and customs.

Cecil Rhodes

A successful British businessman and major supporter of British expansion in Africa.

Jose Marti

A writer who had been exiled from Cuba by the Spanish; returned to launched a second war for independence.

Spanish-American War

An 1848 conflict between the US and Spain in which the US supported Cubans to fight for independence.

Francisco Madero

Believed in democracy and wanted to strengthen its hold in Mexico; announced his candidacy for president in 1910, but Diaz had him arrested; from exile in the US, he called for an armed revolution against Diaz.

Describe the system of peonage in Latin America.

Free workers were little better than slaves since wages were low and prices were high. Workers were usually in debt that accumulated and passed from one generation to the next.

Liliuokalani

Hawaii's only queen and last monarch; called for a new constitution to increase her power and restore the political power of Hawaiians at the expense of wealthy American planters.

Porfirio Diaz

Mexican Indian from Oaxaca who became a noted general in the civil war and the fight against the French; ousted Juarez from the presidency, and became president; used strong-arm methods to remain president, and created order in Mexico.

Santa Anna

Mexican president for four terms; lost the battle for Texas; lost the war to the US giving the US Mexican land the included California and the American Southwest.

Describe the events leading up to the battle between Mexico and Texas.

Mexico gave the US land to "borrow" and the US wanted to keep the land. When Mexico came to retrieve the land we sent in the US military and we ran into the Mexican military.

Pancho Villa

Military leader in the northern part of Mexico; had a bold Robin Hood policy of taking money from the rich and giving it to the poor.

Emilian Zapata

Military leader in the southern part of Mexico; determined to see that land was returned to peasants and small farmers; wanted the laws reformed to protect their rights.

Roosevelt Corollary

President Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, in which he declared that the US had the right to exercise "police power" throughout the Western Hemisphere.

Benito Juarez

Raised a poor Zapotec Indian; was elected president of Mexico in 1861; fought against French invasion; was reelected president in 1867.