World History Ch. 12 & 13

What are Spanish "conquerors" called?

Conquistadors

Explored the southwestern section of America

Coronado

Defeated the Aztecs in Mexico

Cortes

Who discovered the Mississippi River for Spain?

De Soto

First to round the Cape of Good Hope (Africa)

Dias

Sailed West and is the first credited with discovering the West Indies (Caribbean Sea)

Christopher Columbus

Mansa Musa

Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.

Ghana

First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. This West African state supplied the majority of the world's gold from 500 CE-1400's

Explored the New York area for the Netherlands (Dutch). A bay is named in his honor.

Henry Hudson

The Spanish conquistador's main advantage over the natives of the New World was his

Horse and firearm

African trade and resources

Ivory, ebony, frankincense, leopard skin, gold, iron, slaves, salt

The first great French explore in the New World was

Jacque Cartier

The first permanent English colony in America was

Jamestown

Italian who explored in Newfoundland for England and discovered rich fisheries

John Cabot

Claimed the Mississippi Valley for France, named area Louisiana after King Louis

La Salle

The Roman Catholic fryer who opposed the cruel treatment of the Indians by his fellow Spaniards in the New World was

Las Casas

First man to circumnavigate the world

Magellan

Italian who journey for four years to get to China in the 1200s, and whose book inspired explorers in the 1400s?

Marco Polo

What highly advanced Indian civilization flourished in the Yucatán peninsula from the fourth through the 10th centuries ?

Mayan

The dominant economic system of the Age of Exploration based on accumulating wealth was

Mercantilism

What is mercantilism?

Mercantilist believed that newly found wealth should benefit the mother country since they believed that a nation's strength and greatness rested on its wealth. The goal of mercantilist nations was to obtain as much precious metal as possible. To achieve this goal, nations sought to acquire colonies, to become self-sufficient, and to maintain a favorable balance of trade by exporting more than importing.

Kublai Khan (Yuan Dynasty)

Mongol ruler in China who welcomes Marco Polo but had his every move reported.

What type of trading route connected Europe and Asia but often at higher cost of trade not welcomed by some merchants and investors seeking profits?

Overland Route

Defeated the Incas in Peru

Pizarro

Which two countries divided the world between them using the line of demarcation? Name of the Treaty?

Portugal and Spain, Treaty of Tordesillas

Technological innovation assisting exploration in the 15th century- aided ocean travel with triangular sails.

caravel

Whose expedition around the Cape of Good Hope to India gave Portugal a lucrative spice trade with India?

da Gama's

India trade

pepper, spices, & silks along the Silk Road and ocean routes

The principal goal of Prince Henry the navigator was

the circumnavigation of Africa

What economic system has the goal of advancing wealth mainly through investments and free markets?

Capitalism

Who is the father of New France and the founder of Quebec?

Champlain

Many luxury items came across Asia to Europe by way of the Middle East. List and briefly discuss three problems for traders along this long route that would lead to desires for an all water-route.

1. Much of the terrain was rugged and difficult to cross. 2. Local rulers charged trading caravans for the privilege of passing through their territory. These taxes and tolls drove up the prices of the products. 3. The Italians held a monopoly on oriental trade. This kept traders from other European countries from getting a share of the profits.

Ming Dynasty

A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia and closed borders to foreigners. They built the Forbidden Palace and sent Zheng He to explore.

What route did many Europeans seek to reach trade in the Orient (Asia) by cutting out the middle man to save money and earn higher profit?

All-Water Route to Asia

Mongol Dynasty

Also known as Yuan dynasty; part of largest land empire ever in China

What Indian group founded the wall the city of Tenochtitlan?

Aztec

A major reason for the decline of Portugal is a great power was

The inability to adequately defend and administer so fast and empire.

Mali

Vast empire in Western Africa in the 1300s, ruled at one point by Mansa Musa. Capital city at Timbuktu.