World History Ch. 12 & 13
What are Spanish "conquerors" called?
Conquistadors
Explored the southwestern section of America
Coronado
Defeated the Aztecs in Mexico
Cortes
Who discovered the Mississippi River for Spain?
De Soto
First to round the Cape of Good Hope (Africa)
Dias
Sailed West and is the first credited with discovering the West Indies (Caribbean Sea)
Christopher Columbus
Mansa Musa
Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.
Ghana
First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. This West African state supplied the majority of the world's gold from 500 CE-1400's
Explored the New York area for the Netherlands (Dutch). A bay is named in his honor.
Henry Hudson
The Spanish conquistador's main advantage over the natives of the New World was his
Horse and firearm
African trade and resources
Ivory, ebony, frankincense, leopard skin, gold, iron, slaves, salt
The first great French explore in the New World was
Jacque Cartier
The first permanent English colony in America was
Jamestown
Italian who explored in Newfoundland for England and discovered rich fisheries
John Cabot
Claimed the Mississippi Valley for France, named area Louisiana after King Louis
La Salle
The Roman Catholic fryer who opposed the cruel treatment of the Indians by his fellow Spaniards in the New World was
Las Casas
First man to circumnavigate the world
Magellan
Italian who journey for four years to get to China in the 1200s, and whose book inspired explorers in the 1400s?
Marco Polo
What highly advanced Indian civilization flourished in the Yucatán peninsula from the fourth through the 10th centuries ?
Mayan
The dominant economic system of the Age of Exploration based on accumulating wealth was
Mercantilism
What is mercantilism?
Mercantilist believed that newly found wealth should benefit the mother country since they believed that a nation's strength and greatness rested on its wealth. The goal of mercantilist nations was to obtain as much precious metal as possible. To achieve this goal, nations sought to acquire colonies, to become self-sufficient, and to maintain a favorable balance of trade by exporting more than importing.
Kublai Khan (Yuan Dynasty)
Mongol ruler in China who welcomes Marco Polo but had his every move reported.
What type of trading route connected Europe and Asia but often at higher cost of trade not welcomed by some merchants and investors seeking profits?
Overland Route
Defeated the Incas in Peru
Pizarro
Which two countries divided the world between them using the line of demarcation? Name of the Treaty?
Portugal and Spain, Treaty of Tordesillas
Technological innovation assisting exploration in the 15th century- aided ocean travel with triangular sails.
caravel
Whose expedition around the Cape of Good Hope to India gave Portugal a lucrative spice trade with India?
da Gama's
India trade
pepper, spices, & silks along the Silk Road and ocean routes
The principal goal of Prince Henry the navigator was
the circumnavigation of Africa
What economic system has the goal of advancing wealth mainly through investments and free markets?
Capitalism
Who is the father of New France and the founder of Quebec?
Champlain
Many luxury items came across Asia to Europe by way of the Middle East. List and briefly discuss three problems for traders along this long route that would lead to desires for an all water-route.
1. Much of the terrain was rugged and difficult to cross. 2. Local rulers charged trading caravans for the privilege of passing through their territory. These taxes and tolls drove up the prices of the products. 3. The Italians held a monopoly on oriental trade. This kept traders from other European countries from getting a share of the profits.
Ming Dynasty
A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia and closed borders to foreigners. They built the Forbidden Palace and sent Zheng He to explore.
What route did many Europeans seek to reach trade in the Orient (Asia) by cutting out the middle man to save money and earn higher profit?
All-Water Route to Asia
Mongol Dynasty
Also known as Yuan dynasty; part of largest land empire ever in China
What Indian group founded the wall the city of Tenochtitlan?
Aztec
A major reason for the decline of Portugal is a great power was
The inability to adequately defend and administer so fast and empire.
Mali
Vast empire in Western Africa in the 1300s, ruled at one point by Mansa Musa. Capital city at Timbuktu.