World History chapter 22 & 23 - Abeka
Bloody Sunday
1905; peaceful march by Russians turned deadly when Czar's guards fire on crowd, killing hundreds
Woodrow Wilson
28th President of the United States
Russo-Japanese War
A 1904-1905 conflict between Russia and Japan, sparked by the two countries' efforts to dominate Manchuria and Korea
Alexander III
A determined reactionary Tsar who nevertheless sped forward with economic modernization. organized massacres called pogroms
Bolsheviks
A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917
Fourteen Points (1918)
A statement given on January 8, 1918 by Wilson declaring that WW I was being fought for a moral cause and calling for postwar peace in Europe. The speech laid out a policy of free trade, open agreements, democracy and self-determination. Point 14 advocated for the League of Nations to be established that would keep world peace. Most of these points would not be realized, and the US would fail to join the League of Nations. However, it served as a model for the more successful Atlantic Charter after WWII
Provisional Government
A temporary government
League of Nations
A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.
Alaska and the Oregon Territory
Alexander I encourage Russian colonization
Allies
An alliance of nations joining together to fight a common enemy
Central Powers
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
T. E. Lawrence
British colonel sent to support the Arab revolt
Somme River
British forces launched a massive offensive against the Germans at this river
Lusitania
British passenger ship holding Americans that sunk off the coast of Ireland in 1915 by German U-Boats killing 1,198 people. It was decisive in turning public favor against Germany and bringing America into WWI.
St. Petersburg
Built by Peter the Great of Russia to attract Europeans and to get warm water ports.
reign of law
Calvin Coolidge 1925
Moscow
Capital of Russia
Kiev
Capital of Ukraine
John J. Pershing
Commander of American forces in Europe
Henri Petain
Commander of Verdun's defenders vowed "They shall not pass!"
Eddie Rickenbacker
Famous "ace" pilot who downed 26 enemy fighters in WWI
Big Bertha
Famous German long-range guns
KDKA
First commercial broadcasting station
April 6, 1917
US declares war on Germany, enters WW1
Ernest Rutherford
"Father of the Nuclear Science"
Ivan III
"Ivan the Great"; ruled as great prince and first ruler of the independent state called Russia
Rus
"Land of the Rus" or Russia
Peter the Great
(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.
Gallipoli Campaign
(1915) Failed attempt by the Allies in World War I to take control of the Dardanelles
Alexander II
(r. 1855-1881) Emperor of Russia; advocated moderate reforms for Russia; emancipated the serfs; he was assassinated. "Czar Liberator"
Russian Revolution of 1917
Czar forced to give up throne and assassinated; (U.S. finds it easier to join Allies WWI)
trenches
Deep ditches used in battle for cover against enemy gunfire
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Emperor of Germany during World War I
Catherine the Great
Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796)
Henry Ford
Engineered the Model T and developed the assembly line
Verdun
France vs. Germany, France led by Nivelle. Poorly defended, Germans lost, lost 700,000 men
Miracle of the Marne
French forces stopped German advance
Albert Einstein
German physicist who developed the theory of relativity, which states that time, space, and mass are relative to each other and not fixed.
Weimar Republic
German republic founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy.
submarine
German: underseeboot
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
free will
God's gift to human beings of the freedom and ability to choose what to do
Providence of God
God's loving plan for and protection of all that He has created
Triple Entente
Great Britain, France, Russia
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Heir to the Austrian throne and his wife was assassinated in the town of Sarajevo
Nicholas I
Last tsar of Russia, he went to the frontlines in WWI to try to rally the troops, but was forced to abdicate after his wife made horrible decisions under the influence of Rasputin.
Nicholas II
Last tsar of Russia, he went to the frontlines in WWI to try to rally the troops, but was forced to abdicate after his wife made horrible decisions under the influence of Rasputin.
Vladimir Lenin
Leader Russia's Bolshevik revolution
Fredrich Engels
Marx's partner in writing the Communist Manifesto
Doughboys
Nickname for American soldiers
Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII
Duma
Russian Parliament
Leon Trotsky
Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army
Big Four
The Big Four were the four most important leaders, and the most important ones at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy.
Michael Romanov
The new "Tsar" of Russia after Ivan, he ended the Time of Troubles
Siberia
The northeastern sector of Asia or the Eastern half of Russia.
Mensheviks
The party which opposed to the Bolsheviks. Started in 1903 by Martov, after dispute with Lenin. The Mensheviks wanted a democratic party with mass membership.
The Communist Manifesto
This is the 1848 book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which urges an uprising by workers to seize control of the factors of production from the upper and middle classes.
April 15, 1912
Titanic sank
July 28, 1914
World War 1, known in its day as the Great War, had begun
1914-1918
World War I
Manfred von Richthofen
a German fighter pilot known as "The Red Baron"
Das Kapital
a book written by Karl Marx (1867) describing his economic theories
Radio
a direct result of the wireless telephone
communism
a form socialism which advocates the violent overthrow of existing government with the goal of changing society and ultimately perfecting mankind
George Washington Carver
a scientist who discovered many new uses for peanuts and other southern crops
Decembrist Revolt
abortive attempt by army officers to take control of the Russian government upon the death of Tsar Alexander I in 1825
Battle of Jutland
an indecisive naval battle in World War I (1916)
Ypres
battle in World War I (1914)
Ferdinand Foch
began to drive the Germans back
Edmund Allenby
captured Jerusalem in December 1917
Dr. Carlos Finlay
conquered yellow fever
November 11, 1918
day that Germany signed Armistice ending WWI
Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin
dirigible
First International
first convened in 1864, it was also known as the International Working Men's Association. It was an eclectic gathering eventually headed by Karl Marx, who used the First International to spread his ideas about socialism and the need for revolution in the capitalist society. Members of the First International hoped that the Paris Commune would be the spark for revolution across Europe, although it obviously failed.
Ivan the Terrible
first czar of Russia, known for cruelty and being constantly at war
Orville and Wilbur Wright
first successful airplane flight
Karl Marx
founder of modern communism
biographical way
human beings taking their actions and decisions and operating with a certain amount of freedom
soviets
local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers
Bourgeoiseie
middle class
tommies
nickname for British soldiers
historical
of or concerning history; concerning past events.
Niels Bohr
planetary model of the atom
Zimmerman Note
proposed that Mexico and Germany form an alliance if the United States entered the war
Walter Reed and William Gorgas
proved Finlay's theory and took steps to eliminate the disease
Max Planck
quantum theory
Red Guards
spreading anti-war propaganda and creating a Bolshevik military force
western Front
stretched for 600 miles from the English Channel to the Swiss Alps
Paul von Hindenburg and Erich von Ludendorff
supreme commanders of all Central Powers forces
Dialectical Materialism
that nothing but the material world exists and that material conditions alone determine how a person thinks, acts, feels, and believes
class struggle
the conflict of interests between the workers and the ruling class in a capitalist society, regarded as inevitably violent.
Alexander I
the czar of Russia whose plans to liberalize the government of Russia were unrealized because of the wars with Napoleon (1777-1825)
Providence
the protective care of God or of nature as a spiritual power
Treaty of Versailles
the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
treaty between Russia and Germany that would end Russia's involvement in WWI in 1917
Marxism-Leninism
variation of communism based on the ideas of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin
Crimean War
war fought between the Russian Empire on one side and an alliance of the British Empire, French Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the Duchy of Nassau on the other.
opiate of the people
what Marx called religion
proletariat
working class