World History Concurrent Chapter 13-15
What reflects Olaudah Equianos experiences as a slave in African society?
"...i was washed and perfumed, and when meal-tine came i was led into the presence of my mistress, and ate and drank before her son"
What happened in 1428 with Mexica's people?
A triple Alliance between Mexica and two other nearby city-states launched a highly aggressive program of military conquest
What was the Americas before Columbus arrived?
A world completely separated from Afro-Eurasia featuring similar kinds of societies but different balance among them
Describe the economic system of Capitalism.
An economic system in which most businesses are owned privately.
Warrior leaders in the 10th century in Japan who controlled provincial areas and ruled form small fortresses int he countryside were called what?
Bushi
Which of the following characterizes how European countries sought to control trade in Asia from 1450 to 1750?
By force of arms
Which of the following statements concerning urbanization in China during the Tang-Song era is most accurate?
Chinese urbanization mushroomed during the Tang-Song era with a higher proportion of the population living in cities.
What status symbols depicted in the visual sources was associated with the destruction of the culture of its origin?
Chocolate
Which of the following was a result of the Ottoman Empire's policy toward the Christian population in southeastern Europe?
Christian communities enjoyed considerable autonomy over their own affairs
Slavery existed in Africa before European contact, just as it had existed in China, Egypt, etc. However, what did the institution of slavery look like in Africa? (It was a different system than what it would later be in the Americas).
Circumstances were much better for slaves. They had some legal rights, could hold positions of power, social mobility, and could even serve in the army. They could also "marry out" of their situation. In some places, being a slave was not entirely based on race.
Which nation came out of the Thirty Years' War the strongest?
France
Following the death of Yoritomo, what family dominated the military government of the bakufu at Kamakura?
Hojo
What is the Aztec state's origin?
Largely the work of the Mexica people, a semi-nomadic group from northern Mexico who had migrated southward and by the 1325 and established themselves on a small island in Lake Texcoco
Wang Anshi, a prime minister in the 1070s and 1080s attempted to reform Song government on the basis of what Confucian school of thought?
Legalism
The outstanding poet of the Tang era was
Li Bo
Who was the founder of the Tang dynasty?
Li Yuan
The first Song emperor restored the unity of China EXCEPT for what northern dynasty?
Liao
What permeated in Aztec domains beyond tribute from conquered people and ordinary trade?
Local and long distant trade
How was the process of conquered people working for them supervised?
Local imperial tribute collectors who sent he required goods on to Tenochtitlan
What was the military organization of the Heian government in Japan?
Local members of the aristocracy were ordered to organize militia forces.
In areas where overlords had to construct an adminsitrative system, what did they sought to incorporate?
Local people into lower levels of administrative hierarchy
How would you describe the Aztec empire's structure?
Loosely structured and unstable conquest state that witnessed frequent rebellions by its subject peoples
Oliver Cromwell took the title of
Lord Protector
Who was Olaudah Equiano? What can we learn from his experience of the Middle Passage?
He was an African who was born a free man, but at age 11 was kidnapped and made a slave. He wrote slave narratives that described the inhumane conditions of his trip from West Africa to the West Indies. We can learn the true conditions of the Passage trips because he is a primary source.
Describe how the Spanish king maintaned control over his overseas empire.
He would appoint Viceroys, or representatives who ruled in his name in each province.
Identify the lands added to the Spanish empire by Pizarro.
He would conquer Peru, Ecuador and Chile.
Explain how Alfonso de Albuquerque established Portuguese outposts in India in the early 1500s.
He would seize them, he would burn down coastal towns and crushed Arab fleets at sea.
How were subjects grouped in the central regions of the empire?
Hierarchical units of 10,50,100,500,1000,5000, and 10000 people each headed by local officials who were appointed and supervised by an Inca governor or the emperor
What did Incas require their subject peoples to acknowledge?
Major Inca deities where these people and then were largely free to carry their own religious traditions
In his letters to King Jao of Portugal, King Affonso I of Kongo objected to what aspect of the slave trade in his kingdom?
The capture and enslavement of free men
How did men regard the domestic concerns of women (childbirth, cooking, weaving, cleaning)
They did not regard it as inferior to the activities of men
In what way did 19th century developments in the sciences depart from Enlightenment principles?
They emphasized conflict & struggle as the motors of progress
In what way did nineteenth-century developments in the sciences depart from Enlightenment principles?
They emphasized conflict and struggle as the motors of progress.
Who were the pochtecas?
Professional merchants who were legally commoner but their wealth often exceed their status, allowing them to rise in society and become "magnates of the land"
What efforts of cultural integration required leaders of conquered people to learn?
Quechua language
What origins came from the Inca empire in the Andes mountain?
Quechua-speaking people in the Western Hemisphere's largest imperial state
What did the introduction of domesticated animals into the Americas make possible?
Ranching economies
How did the Tokugawa shoguns treat Europeans in Japan in the early 17th century?
They expelled all Europeans except the Dutch
How did the Tokugawa shoguns treat Europeans in Japan in the early seventeenth century?
They expelled all Europeans except the Dutch.
What kind of empire did the Incas had that was different from the Aztecs?
They had a more bureaucratic empire where at the top was the emperor, an absolute ruler regarded as divine, a descendant of the create god Viracocha and the song of the sung god Inti
How was Inca and Aztec empires similiar in their awakening?
They had a rags-to-riches stories where modest and remotely located people very quickly created by military conquest the largest states ever witnessed in their respective regions
Explain how the Portuguese created their vast trading empires. (including important Portuguese explorers and the results of the Explanations
They had seizes key ports around the Indian Ocean. Vasco Da Gama would bring back ginger and cinnamon. He would also round the Cape of Good Hope.
Why did Sikhism evolve from a peaceful religion into a militant community?
They had to defend themselves against both Mughal and Hindu hostility.
How did the Aztec's handle their conquered people and territories?
They left the people alone if the required tribute was forthcoming, as well as no elaborate administrative system arose to integrate the conquered territories or assimilate their people to Aztec culture
Explain how the Japanese responded when the first European traders arrived in the 1500s.
They made them leave once the trading year was over.
Which of the following actions was NOT taken by the Umayyad caliphs?
They maintained their simple lifestyle even in the capital of Damascus
How did Chinese and Russian expansion into Central Asia affect the nomadic peoples inhabiting the steppe lands?
They no longer enjoyed political independence and economic prosperity.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of the Japanese government following the death of Yoritomo?
Real power rested in the Hojo family, who manipulated the Minamoto shoguns, who in turn claimed to rule in the name of the emperor at Kyoto.
Which of the following policies contributed to the growth of Hindu opposition to the Mughal rule by the late seventeenth century?
Reinstatement of the jizya
What was the role of conquered peoples and cities under the Aztecs?
Required to provide labor for Aztec projects and to regularly deliver to their Aztec rulers quantities of textiles and clothing, military supplies, jewelry, paper, food and other luxurious goods
Which of the following describes a feature of Qing China's policy toward its possessions in central Asia?
Respect for the different cultures of the region
Louis XIII's powerful chief minister was
Richelieu
What ministry of the central imperial government was responsible for the administration of the examination system?
Rites
Which of the following motivated Europeans to venture across the Atlantic Ocean?
Rivalries between competing European states
How did the Aztec's religious thinking support the empire?
They replenish their sun god Hutizilopchtli who lost its energy from constant battles against darkness made Aztec to use human blood to give it energy like how the sun god and other gods made humans by sacrificing its blood
In the conflict between the Islamic and Christian worlds, which event in the 15th century signaled that the Islamic world held the upper hand?
The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople
Which of the following was established as a Spanish colony in the sixteenth century?
The Philippine Islands
Which of the following represents a form of Hinduism that shared features with mystical Sufi forms of Islam?
The bhakti movement
Anti-miscegenation laws had been in place in most states for ~200 years
To prohibit the interbreeding of people considered to be of different racial types.The US's Supreme Court legalized interracial marriage in all states JUST 50 years ago!
What was the central purpose of the reforms of 636 in Japan?
To remake the Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese style empire
What was the central purpose of the reforms of 646 in Japan?
To remake the Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor.
Which of the following was a goal of the Wahhabi movement?
To return to the absolute monotheism of authentic Islam
Which of the following was a reason Russia expanded beginning in the sixteenth century?
To secure its borders from attack
Identify the first foods that were first introduces to the Americas by Europeans through the Columbian exchange.
Tomatoes, pumpkins and peppers.
Map 14.1 in the textbook suggests that the European presence in Asia was connected to...
Trade
What led to the downfall of the Sui dynasty?
Unsuccessful military campaigns
Which treaty gave French territory in Canada to Britain?
Utrecht
What reflected the commercialization of Aztec economy?
Vast marketplaces
What did the Kaozheng movement in China Emphasize?
Verification, precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis in all fields of inquiry
What did the kaozheng movement in China emphasize?
Verification, precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis in all fields of inquiry
Which of the following was NOT a difference between the Viet and Chinese cultures prior to their conquest by the Han emperors?
Viet tendency to extended families and clan groupsb. Village autonomy among the Viets
What passage in Vietnamese history might have been instructive to the French and United States as they attempted to conquer Vietnam?
Vietnam had maintained its distinct Vietnamese identity despite centuries of Chinese rule.
How did the principles of warfare change under the daimyos?
Warfare based on spying, timely assaults, wise command, and organization of massive armies replaced heroic combat.
The man responsible for the creation of the Sui dynasty was
Wendi
What reflects the perspective expressed in the journal of Thomas Phillips on the African slave trade?
"After we are come to an agreement for the prices of our slaves,... We are oblig'd to pay our customs to the king and cppasheirs for leave to trade, protection and justice..."
What was one of the well-known specialist of mita system?
"chosen women" who were removed from their homes as young girls and trained in Inca ideology and set to producing corn beer and cloth at state centers and later became wives to men and sent to serve as priestesses in various temples
What surrounded the Tenochtitlan city?
"floating garden" which are artificial islands created from swamp lands that supported a highly productive agriculture
Origin & Development of Slave Trade
10% of Lisbon population African by end of 1500's. 16th century Europeans brought them to Mexico for heavy work. 17th - 18th increased because demand for products. 17th - 1.3 million brought on transatlantic route. 18th - 6 million brought on transatlantic route. 1850s ban started. banned 1807 in America and Britain. Banned 1888 in Brazil. Continued illegally
In what year did the Han emperors conquer the first Korean kingdom of Choson?
109 B.C.E.
In a conversation on the British governments decision to stop buying slaves, the Asante ruler Osei Bonsu asked the British diplomat Joseph Dupuis, "But if they think it bad now, why did they think it good before?" The "now" referred to Is the year...
1820
Identify the number of Africans that probably died in passage to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade.
2 million.
Triangular Trading System
38% if slaves Brazil, 40% Caribbean, 10% U.S. Rough conditions for slaves.
In which Japanese period was cultural influence most significant?
5th and 6th century
When did Chinese influence on Japan peak?
7th and 8th centuries C.E.
In what year did the Japanese cease to send official embassies to the Chinese emperor?
838
In what decade did open persecution of Buddhism within the Chinese empire begin?
840s
What did the Triple Alliance program brought for Mesoamerica?
A single political framework in less than 100 years
Which of the following was NOT a problem during the last years of the Tang dynasty?
A Buddhist rebellion in southern China
Who was Hernán Cortés?
A Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs
Which of the following describes the experiences of some women in Africa in the early modern era?
A few women had access to political power.
What did every settlement from the capital city to the smallest village have?
A marketplace that was very active during weekly market days
What is the Tenochtitlan?
A metropolis of 150,000 to 200,000 people
What did the Inca civilization in particular imposed?
A more rigid patriarchal order on their subject people
What did the Americas largely lack that were so important in the Eastern Hemisphere?
A pastoral economies
Which of the following resulted from Russia's westward expansion in the 17th and 18th centuries?
A program on westernization in Russia
Which of the following policies reflects mercantilist thinking?
Accumulating precious metals
According to information in Reilly, the author says that all are and similar to cities during this (100-1550) except
All cities used taxation and force to attract and settle merchants within their walls
What did Rabelais, Shakespeare, and Cervantes have in common?
All created stories that have an important hidden meaning behind the plot
Which of the following statements concerning entry into the Confucian bureaucracy is most accurate?
Although a higher percentage of candidates received office through the examination system than during the Han Dynasty, birth continued to be important in securing high office.
Describe creoles
American-born descendants of Spanish settlers. Creoles owned most of the plantations, ranches, and mines.
which of the following best illustrates the argument described in the passage above?
Amerindians were killed in large numbers by diseases such as smallpox and measles
What did the Inca Empire do that the Aztec Empire did not do?
Built a bureaucracy to integrate and control its subjects
Why would an empire not want to abolish slavery?
An empire would not want to abolish slavery because they would not be able to keep up with all the farm land they have. There would also be many free Africans roaming around their land, and since they saw them as inferior, they would not know what to do with them.
How did Italy's location help it become the birthplace of the Renaissance?
Architectural remains helped them think and create new Ideas. Center of trade
What regions of Asia were most drawn to Chinese cultural and political models?
Argarian Societies in the East and South
By the 11th and 12th centuries, what was the status of the Japanese court aristocracy?
Aristocratic families at the court depended on alliances with the provincial warrior elite in order to exercise any power.
What was in return for labor services?
Arrange elaborate feasts and provide food and other necessities when disaster struck
What government replaced the Kamakura regime in the early 14th century in Japan?
Ashikaga Shogunate
Which of the following describes what happened to the native populations of the steppes of Siberia as a consequence of Russian imperial expansion?
Assimilation
What was the result of the imperial attempt by the Tang to suppress Buddhism within the Chinese empire?
Buddhism survived the repression, but in a reduced state without the political influence of the early Tang years.
Mughal emperor (1657-1707) who reversed his predecessors' policies of religious tolerance and attempted to impose Islamic supremacy
Aurangzeb
What Indian group founded the walled city of Tenochtitlán?
Aztec
What group so threatened the security of the Japanese imperial court in the 8th century that the imperial family moved to Heian?
Buddhist monks
Which of the following statements concerning the nature of warfare among the bushi is most accurate?
Battles hinged on man-to-man duels of great champions typical of the heroic stage of warfare.
Identify what prompted Europeans to search for new trade routes in the 1400S
Because Europe's population was growing and the demand was high for trade goods. So they could get their items also.
Explain why widespread inflation struck Europe in the mid-1500s.
Because of the enormous amount of silver and gold into Europe from the Americas by the mid-1500s.
Which of the following statements concerning the nature of the Korean society is most accurate?
Because of the monopolization of all things Chinese by the tiny Korean elite, neither a merchant nor an artisan class developed in Korea.
Explain why European traders paid for Chinese silks and Porcelains in gold and silver instead of exchange trade goods.
Because they had very little to offer.
What artisan was responsible for the development of movable type?
Bi Sheng
Which of the following statements concerning entry into the Chinese bureaucracy is most accurate?
Birth and family connections continued to be important in securing high office.
What were recorded on quipus in the Inca empire?
Births, deaths, marriages, and other populations data
In Aztec civilizationmen rega what did the men and women worship?
Both male and female priests presided over rituals dedicated to deities of both sexes
What similar feature did Andean Christianity and Mexican Christianity share?
Both reinterpreted Christian practices within the framework of local customs.
Which of the following regions experienced the least racial mixing and was least willing to recognize the offspring of interracial unions?
British North America
Which of the following regions experienced the least racial mixing and was the least willing to recognize offspring of interracial unions?
British North America
What religion played a key role in the transmission of Chinese civilization to Japan?
Buddhism
What was the religious preference of the Korean elite?
Buddhism
According to the graph on page 568, which region in the Americas imported the most Africans? Which region imported the second highest? What were the amounts out of the ~9.5 million?
Caribbean Islands (Dutch, French, British) > 1st > 40%Portuguese/Brazil > 2nd > 38%
The first great French explorer in the New World was
Cartier
Describe the Catholic Reformation
Catholic reformation tries to end corruption in their church
Which of the following was generally more true of Catholics than Protestants in European colonies?
Catholics were more intent on converting native peoples.
Who was the Father of New France and the founder of Quebec?
Champlain
Members of the elite class of China were more attracted to what variant of Buddhism?
Chan
What Andean civilizations did the Incas incorporate to their empire?
Chavin, Moche, Wari, and Tiwanaku
Which kingdom was conquered by Wendi in 589?
Chen
In visual source 14.1, what does the image if a European-style house on the teacup at the bottom left indicate?
Chinese artisans produced teacups specifically for the European market
Which of the following cultural traits was NOT introduced into Vietnam from China following the Han conquest of 111 B.C.E.?
Chinese reliance on the nuclear family
Which of the following was a feature unique to the North American fur trade in the early modern period?
Competition between European traders meant that furs were obtained largely through commercial negotiations with the local population.
Which of the following intellectual schools was responsible for the production of most literary and artistic works during the Tang-Song era?
Confucian
What was the impact on Confucianism of the Tang repression of the Buddhists?
Confucianism emerged as the central ideology of Chinese civilization until the 20th century.
What was the impact on Confucianism of the Tang repression of the Buddhist?
Confucianism emerged as the central ideology of Chinese civilization until the twentieth century.
In what way did foot-binding serve to diminish the independence of Chinese women by the end of the Song era?
Foot binding sufficiently crippled women effectively confine their mobility to their household.
Explain how Spain ensured that its colonies would be profitable.
Controlled trade.
What was the Aztec's women role inside the home?
Cook, cleaned, spun and wove cloth, raised their children, and undertook ritual activities
To what extent were Africans cooperative in the slave trade? To what extent were they resistant?
Cooperative: African merchants and rulers helped capture and deliver slaves to other land in exchange for guns, gold, and other goods.Resistance: Some Africans voiced their opinion of their opposition on the issues or started slave revolts, however slave trade still occurred.
Who discovered the Mississippi River?
De Soto
What happened to the Aztecs and Inca empires during the 16th century?
Decimated at the hands of Spanish conquistadors and their diseases
The development of regional power bases in Japan among the warrior elites of the countryside corresponded to what events in China?
Decline of the Tang dynasty
Which of the following statements concerning the society and economy of the warlord or shogun era in Japanese history is most accurate?
Despite political chaos, improvements in agricultural techniques and incentives led to occupation of previously uncultivated areas.
Which of the following was NOT an eventual impact of the development of neo-Confucian schools of thought?
Destruction of the mandarins
The extent of empire and rapid population growth stimulated what in the 15th century?
Development of markets and production of craft goods
The tribute of boy children that the Ottoman Turks levied against Christian subjects in the Balkans; the Ottomans raised the boys for service in the civil administration or in the elite Janissary infantry corps
Devshirme
What was the political result of the wars that destroyed the Ashikaga Shogunate?
Division of Japan into three hundred little states under the daimyos.
What descent did Aztec's claim to be?
Earlier Mesoamerican peoples such as the Toltecs and Teotihuacan
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Early 1500s - 1888Legal slave trading took place between 1514 - 1866Illegal slave trading continued to take place afterEstimates of 10.6 million Africans were enslaved and exported to Europe, North America, the Caribbean, South America, and other parts of Africa (Figures range from 9-15 million)
In what areas do people still speak Quechua?
Ecuador to Chile and it is the second language of Peru after Spanish
What did the New England Puritans in North America emphasize?
Education and civic responsibility
What Tang ruler actually attempted to have Buddhism recognized as a state religion?
Empress Wu
In which country was absolutism defeated?
England
In visual source 14.4, the portrayal of the man in European clothing was intended to...
Enhance his social status
Which of the following is a principle or practice upheld in Sikhism?
Equality of men and women
Which of the following statements is true of the West African slave trade?
European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites.
Which of the following describes an effect of the European presence in the Indian Ocean on existing Asian commercial networks?
Europeans created a network that became just one among a number of thriving Asian commercial networks.
The dynasty that ended the period of political chaos after the fell of the Qin-Han was the
Sui
What was a primary difference between marriages, families, and households of the upper and lower classes in Tang-Song China?
Extended family households were more common in upper-class households than in lower-class ones.
French and Spanish racism
French had a system of 128/128 (all 128 parts of your heritage needed to be French for you to be considered 100% French/white)Spanish also had 100+ categories of blended races - marking how far you had 'fallen' from 100% 'Spain' Spanish
By the middle of the 8th century, what aristocratic family exerted exception influence over imperial affairs at the Japanese court at Heian?
Fujiwara
By the middle of the 9th century, what aristocratic family exerted exceptional influence over imperial affairs at the Japanese court at Heian?
Fujiwara
By the middle of the ninth century, what aristocratic family exerted exceptional influence over imperial affairs at the Japanese court at Heian?
Fujiwara
What commodity was considered "soft gold" in early modern commerce?
Furs
Between 1180 and 1185 the struggle between the two major provincial families, the Taira and the Minamoto, was decided in what wars?
Gempei
How would you describe the gender society of both Aztec and Inca empires?
Gender complementary
The following lines were written by the Indian poet Kabir: "I am neither in temple nor in mosque...Neither am I rites and ceremonies." Who is what is the "I"referred to these lines?
God
Which of the following is NOT correct in describing cultural influences on Islam?
Greek rational reasoning had a long-lasting influence on the theological development of Islam.
What was the capital of the southern Song dynasty?
Hangzhou
Explain why Aztec Emperor sent gifts when he heard about the arrival of Spain.
He didn't know if Cortes was a God, and didn't know how to respond to the news.
Explain how Balboa reached the Pacific Ocean in 1523.
He hacked a passage westward through the tropical forests of Panama. From a ridge in the west coast, he gazed at a huge body of water.
Explain why Bartholomew Dias sought a sea route to Asia in 1460
He rounded the southern tip of Africa
Identify the are explored by Christopher Columbus on his 1492 voyage.
He spotted the Caribbean's.
Why was Copernicus's theory revolutionary?
He thought the earth had always been the center of our solar system
Which of the following describes European reaction to the syncretic religions of African salve communities in the New World?
Suppression
Which of the following descriptions of Pure Land Buddhism is NOT accurate?
It appealed to upper class Chinese.
What is a long part of Mesoamerican and many other world cultures?
Human sacrifice assumed an usually prominent role in Aztec public life and thought during the 15th century
In what different ways do the Incas and Aztecs trace reckon their descents?
In Andes, men reckon their descendants from their father side and women with their mother while Mesoamericans long view children belonging equally to their mothers and fathers
How is the hierarchies of Inca and Aztec societies differ when it comes to political authority?
In Incas, parallel hierarchies of male and female political officials governed the empire, while in the Aztecs women officials exercised local authority under a title that meant "female in charge of people"
Where could Inca overlords could delegate control to native authorities?
In a centralized political system but elsewhere they had to construct an administrative system from scratch
Which of the following statements concerning the relationship of the imperial court to the provincial military elite is most accurate?
In the absence of an imperial military force, law and order broke down, leading both the emperor and high officials to hire provincial lords and their military retainers.
Besides a sharp divide in Inca and Aztec political and economic arrangements, in what way did they resemble more of each other?
In their gender system where both societies practice "gender parallelism" in which women and men operate in two separate but equivalent spheres, each gender enjoying the autonomy in its own sphere
In what way was the Inca state represent a different kind of extended network of economic relationships with the "American web" from the Aztecs?
Inca demands on their conquered people in labor service (mita) while the Aztecs wanted goods and tribute from them
What did the 80 provinces of Inca empire each had?
Inca governor
Sapay Inca
Inca ruler
Coya
Inca ruler's female consort
Which of the Following figures is associated with the Scientific Revolution
Newton
How did silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru affect international commerce?
It enabled Europeans to buy Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain
Which of the following describes an effect of the silver trade on Spain?
It enabled Spanish rulers to pursue military and political ambitions in Europe and the Americas.
Which of the following describes how the fur trade affected indigenous peoples in North America?
It generated warfare among different groups of Native Americans.
How did the Peace of Westphalia seek to settle religious differences?
It granted the ruler of each European state the authority to control religious affairs within his own domain.
How is the Inca empire compared to the Aztecs?
It is much larger state that stretches 2500 miles along the Andes and contained 10 million subjects
What was the resettlement program for in the Incas?
It moved 1/4 of the population or more to new locations in part to disperse conquered and resentful people and sometimes to reward followers of promising opportunities
Explain why the Southern tip of Africa became known as the cape of Good Hope
It used to be called the cape of storms and no one would want to travel there because of too hard of conditions.
Describe the key information about the Middle Passage across the Atlantic.
It was a brutal stage of the Triangular Trade. Here, slaves would undergo beatings and diseases took over.
What kind of system was the Inca empire?
It was a fluid system that varied greatly from place to place over time and it depended much on the posture of conquered people as on the demands and desires of Inca authorities
Explain what the line of Demarcation was? Who created it? Plus why was it created?
It was created by the pope and stated that he would divide the non-european world in to 2 zones. It was created because the Spanish would have any lands west of the line and the Portuguese would have anything east of their line.
What was sweeping in the Aztec civlization seen as?
It was sacred act of purification that meant it prevented evil elements from the home
The first permanent English colony in America was
Jamestown
Refer to map 15.2 in the textbook. In which country was the spread of Christianity in the early modern era not accompanied by European conquest?
Japan
What was the impact of the rise of the samurai on the peasantry in Japan?
Japanese peasants were reduced to the status of serfs bound to the land they worked
Which of the following is an example of the effect of the Atlantic slave trade on African societies?
Judicial proceedings were manipulated to generate victims for the slave trade
What is the name of the nature spirits in Japan?
Kami
What is the name of the nature spirits of Japan?
Kami
Where was the capital of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan?
Karakorum
According to the Chapter in Reilly on cities, historian Fernand Braudel believed that European citizens used all of the following organizations to govern themselves except
King's council
Which of the following statements concerning the Korean bureaucracy under the influence of China is most accurate?
Korea established a Confucian examination system on the Chinese model, but admission to the bureaucracy was determined almost exclusively by birth.
In what ways did conquered people take part in mita system?
Labored at large state farms, herded, mined, served in military, take part in construction projects , and skilled ones were put into manufacturing textiles, metal goods, ceramics, and stonework
Which of the following describes slavery in Latin America?
Large-scale importation of new slaves continued into the nineteenth century
European nations signed the Pragmatic Sanction to allow
Maria Theresa to rule in peace
Identify the first Europeans who challenged the Portuguese domination of Asian trade.
Martin Waldseemuller, Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan.
What highly advanced Indian civilization flourished in the Yucatan Peninsula from the fourth through the tenth centuries?
Mayan
Which of the following statements about Chinese landscape painting is most accurate?
Members of the ruling political elite in China produced many of the paintings in the Song era.
The dominant economic system of the Age of Exploration was
Mercantilism
What did the Tenochtitlan feature in it city?
Numerous canals, dikes, causeways, bridges, wall areas of palaces and temples, including on that was 200 feet tall
Which of the following describes European reaction to the syncretic religions of African slave communities in the New World?
Suppression
In which two places has civilization flourish in the Western hemisphere of the world during 15th century?
Mesoamerica and Andes
Which of the following was NOT an economic development during the period of commercial expansion during the Tang and Song dynasties?
Military domination of the seas
Which of the following was NOT and economic development during the period of commercial expansion during the Tang and Song dynasties?
Military domination of the seas.
What was the status of Mongolian women during the Yuan dynasty of China?
Mongol women remained relatively independent, refused to adopt the practice of foot binding, and retained their rights in property.
What group was responsible for the fall of the southern Song dynasty in 1279?
Mongols
What Russia city profited most from the Mongol invasion?
Moscow
How was Renaissance art different from the art of the Middle Ages?
Much more realistic
Which of the following contributed to the great dying in the Americas?
Native Americans' lack of immunity to European and African diseases
Which of the following was NOT a technological innovation of the Tang-Song era?
Paper
The English kings were limited in power by the
Parliament's control of taxes
What did the authority of the state of Inca do for its empire?
Penetrated and directed Inca society and economy far more than it did for Aztec's empire
Aside from sacrificial rituals, what also was a tradition of the Aztec empire?
Philosophical and poetic traditions of great beauty, much of which mused on the fragility and brevity of human life
What does the painting of a turkish coffeehouse in the Ottoman Empire show the men doing besides drinking coffee?
Playing board games
Which two countries divided the world between themselves using the Line of Demarcation?
Portugal and Spain
Major Powers in Slave Trade
Portuguese Spanish British French Americans Dutch Danish
Who was usually the people destined for human sacrifices?
Prisoners of war as well as slaves
Which of the following was a reaction to the reliance on human reason during the eighteenth century in Europe?
Romanticism
Mounted troops owing loyalty to the military elite were called what?
Samurai
Which of the following describes the reception of modern European science in China, Japan, & the Ottoman Empire during the early modern era?
Selective adoption of European scientific learning
Which of the following describes the reception of modern European science in China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire during the early modern era?
Selective adoption of European scientific learning
What was the Aztec's women role outside the home?
Served as officials in palaces, priestesses in temples, traders in markets, teachers in schools, and members of craft workers' organizations
Which war was also called the French and Indian War?
Seven Years' War
The only indigenous aspect of Japanese cultureduring the Heian era was
Shinto
What title was given to the military leader of the bakufu at Kamakura?
Shogun
Explain the Treaty of Tordesillas.
Signed between two countries in 1494. The treaty made it obvious to both Spain and Portugal-and to other European nations, eager to defy what they saw as Spain and Portugal's arrogance-that they needed to build their own empires quickly.
What kingdom was successful in establishing a unified and independent government in Korea?
Silla
Which of the following lists gives the correct chronological sequence for the Korean dynasties?
Silla, Koryo, Mongol, Yi
Which of the following distinguished the Atlantic slave trade in the Americas from past instances of slavery in world history?
Slave status was associated with race
In the Prince, Machiavelli advises rulers to be what in achieving goals
Successful
The dynasty that ended the period of political chaos after the fall of the Qin-Han was the
Sui
Beside goods, what did the pochtecas obtain?
Slaves who many were destined for bloody rituals that were so central to Aztec religious life
Which of the following as a feature of commerce in the Indian Ocean basin when Vasco de Gama reached India in 1498?
Small scale merchants traded openly
Which of the following dominated the agricultural economy of the New England and middle Atlantic colonies in British North America?
Small-scale independent farmers working their own land
Which of the following was a feature of commerce in the Indian Ocean basin when Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498?
Small-scale merchants traded openly
What was the primary concerns at the imperial Japanese court at Heian?
Social interaction and states
What appears to have been the primary concerns at the imperial Japanese court at Heian?
Social interaction and status
How did the slave trade affect African states?
Some African states depended on revenues from the slave trade.
Which of the following is true of slavery in the pre-modern Islamic world?
Some slaves acquired prominent military or political status
Which of the following is true of slavery in the premodern Islamic world?
Some slaves acquired prominent military or political status.
Which European powers were the pioneers in starting the Atlantic Slave Trade operation? What did their efforts look like in Africa and the Americas?
Spain and Portugal: they spread their ideas to the Americas and other areas that soon developed their own forms of slavery.
Which group had the greatest success in converting people outside of Europe to Christianity?
Spanish Catholic missionaries in the Philippines
In which of the following Japanese periods was Chinese cultural influence most significant?
Taika
What were the reforms enacted in 646 that intended to thoroughly incorporate Chinese culture and political structure into Japanese society?
Taika
Life in the imperial court at Heian was described in what Japanese novel?
Tale of Genji
Identify the Spanish trading center through which large quantities of American silver flowed into the economies of East Asia
Tenochtitlan
Which of the following was a consequence of the Atlantic slave trade?
The African diaspora
Whose perspective is expressed in the following statement: "But if I fight a king and kill him when he is insolent, then certainly I must have his gold, and his slaves, and the people are mine too"
The Asante king Osei Bonsu
What was the relationship between the Ashikaga Shogunate and the emperor?
The Ashikaga shoguns fought the emperor at Kyoto who refused to recognize their authority.
What was one main difference between how the British East India Company operated in Mughal India and how the Dutch East India Company operated in what is now Indonesia?
The British negotiated treaties with local Indian rulers while the Dutch established control through conquest and colonization.
Following the assertion of Vietnamese independence from China in the tenth century, what aspects of Chinese culture were retained by the Vietnamese rulers?
The Chinese administrative system based on the Confucian examination system
What proved to be the most damaging attack on Buddhism's popularity with the people during the early Tang?
The Confucian's successful campaign to convince the emperor that the Buddhist monastic establishment represented an economic threat.
What proved to be the most damaging attack on Buddhism's popularity with the people during the early Tang dynasty?
The Confucians' successful campaign to convince the emperor that the Buddhist monastic establishment represented an economic threat
Identify the nation that captured Malacca from the Portuguese in the mid-1600s and developed a monopoly on trade in the Spice Islands
The Dutch
How was the Enlightenment related to the Scientific Revolution?
The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs rather than the physicaluniverse.
Who had a monopoly on the trade routes leading to the Orient?
The Italian
Why did the Chinese imperial court initially welcome the Jesuit missionaries?
The Jesuits' knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, technology, geography, and mapmaking was useful to the Chinese.
Explain how the Koreans responded after Japanese invaded Korea.
The Koreans would fight back.
Which of the following developments in the early modern period provided incentives for Europeans to go into the fur trade?
The Little Ice Age
What empire did the Incas bear some similarity to?
The Mongols
In which of the following empires did the process of expansion occur at the same time that a distinctive state was taking shape?
The Russian Empire
In which of the following empires did the same process of expansion occur at the same time that a distinctive state was taking shape
The Russian empire
How did the Song empire compare to the Tang?
The Song empire was smaller in territorial extent than the Tang empire.
What was the main difference between the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and the Portuguese strongholds in the Indian Ocean basin?
The Spanish converted Filipinos to Christianity while the Portuguese often blended into the local pop.
What was one main difference between the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and the Portuguese strongholds in the Indian Ocean basin?
The Spanish converted Filipinos to Christianity while the Portuguese often blended into the local populations.
Explain what happened after Christopher Columbus encountered the Taino people in the West Indies.
The Tainos offended the Spanish, when out of Ignorance they failed to pay proper respect to Christian symbols. Columbus claimed their land for Spain and then took several Tainos as prisoners.
Which of the following statements concerning the extent of the Tang empire is most accurate?
The Tang built an empire that was far larger than the Han, an empire whose boundaries in many directions extended beyond the borders of modern China.
What was the attitude of the Tang emperors toward the Confucian scholar-gentry?
The Tang supported the rebirth of the Confucian scholar-gentry, often at the expense of the aristocracy.
What was the attitude of the Tang emperors towards the Confucian scholar-gentry?
The Tang supported the resuscitation of the Confucian scholar-gentry, often at the expense of the aristocracy.
Which of the following was a critical factor in the failure of the Chinese to conquer or assimilate the Vietnamese?
The Vietnamese resistance to Chinese crossed both class and gender barriers
Why was the construction of the Grand Canal necessary?
The Yangtze River valley was becoming the major food-producing region of China by the late Tang era.
What factor made some parts of the world more receptive to Christianity than others?
The absence of a literate world religion
What was the immediate impact of the imperial move to Heian?
The aristocracy was restored to counterbalance the power of the Buddhist monasteries and took over most of the positions in the central government.
Which of the following statements most accurately described the position of the scholar-gentry under the Song dynasty?
The ascendancy of the scholar-gentry over its aristocratic and Buddhist rivals was fully secured in the Song era.
Which of the following statements concerning the status of women in the Tang-Song era is most accurate?
The assertion of male dominance within the family was especially pronounced in the thinking of the neo-Confucian philosophers.
The victory of the Minamoto in 1185 led to the creation of
The bakufu, or military government at Kamakura
Which of the following did all Enlightenment thinkers share?
The belief in progress and reason
What was the primary reform enacted during the reign of the first Sui emperor?
The creation of granaries to relieve the threat of famine
Which of the following was a result of the fur trade in North America in the early modern period?
The dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods
What was the political result of the Vietnamese drive to conquer regions south of the Red River basin?
The division of the Vietnamese into two kingdoms with capitals at Hue and Hanoi
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the position of the scholar-gentry under the Song dynasty?
The domination of the scholar-gentry over its aristocratic and Buddhist rivals was fully secured in the Song era.
Explain how the Chinese economy fared under the Qing dynasty.
The economy expanded.
How did the Protestant Reformation affect women?
The emphasis on reading the Bible for oneself stimulated education and literacy for women.
The emergence of Japan as a major source of silver production in the 16th century contributed to
The end of civil war and the unification of Japan
Which of the following was NOT one of the reforms introduced by Wang Anshi in the face of conservative opposition?
The end of tribute payments to nomadic dynasties on the northern border
The victory of the Minamoto marks the beginning of what period in Japanese history?
The feudal age
What made Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses revolutionary?
The idea that an individual could find salvation by faith alone
Which of the following is an example of the Colombian exchange?
The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet
Which of the following is an example of the Columbian exchange?
The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet
What caused the flight of the Song dynasty from its capital in northern China?
The invasions of the Jurchens who had formed the Qin kingdom
What did the Portuguese do after they established sea routes in the Indian Ocean?
They conquered deveral strategic port cities
What did the Portuguese do after they established sea routes to the Indian Ocean?
They conquered several strategic port cities.
In Inca civilization, what kind of gods do they men and women venerate?
The men venerate the sun while the women venerate the moon with matching religious officials
What was the most significant impact of the period of the Mongol rule on Russia?
The period of Mongol rule reinforced the isolation of Russia from western Europe and the developments of the Renaissance and Reformations.
Which of the following marked a major turning point in the relationship b/w China & Christian missionaries?
The pope's claim of authority over Chinese Christians
Which of the following marked a major turning point in the relationship between China and Christian missionaries?
The pope's claim of authority over Chinese Christians
Describe the Price Revolution.
The population increased, creating a sharp rise in demand for foods and goods; the Spanish economy suffered and could not meet the demands making prices rise; prices rose faster than the government could levy taxes; severely strained government budgets, silver came from the new world and caused inflation in Spain
Which of the following was a feature of the communities in Australia in the fifteenth century?
The practice of firestick farming
What facilitated the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?
The printing press
what facilitated the spread of the Protestant reformation in Europe?
The printing press
What made possible the rapid revival of empire under the Tang?
The rebuilding of the imperial bureaucracy using Confucian ideology
What condition in Europe that was absent in China and the Islamic world contributed to the Scientific Revolution?
The relative independence of European universities
Which of the following statements concerning the rise of a provincial military elite during the 10th century in Japan is NOT correct?
The rise of the provincial elite corresponded to the recovery of the imperial government and its overthrow of the aristocracy of the court.
Which of the following was NOT a result of the agricultural policies of the Sui and Tang emperors?
The scholar-gentry were removed as landlords.
What did the Portuguese do after they established seas routes to the Indian Ocean?
They conquered several strategic port cities.
Identify the conditions under which Ming ruler allowed Europeans to trade.
They could only trade under the supervision of imperial officials.
Which of the following was NOT a right of Arab women?
They could take up to four husbands, just as a man could take up to four wives.
Explain how Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire.
They decided to imprison Moctezuma, he compelled Moctezuma to sign over his land and treasure to the Spanish. He demolished Tenochtitlan also.
Who owned all the lands and resources of the Inca empire?
The state but practice state lands called "Lands of the sun" existed alongside properties owned by the temples, elites, and traditional communities
What made the reunification of China under the first Sui emperor possible?
The support of the nomadic warrior elite
What European innovation in the preparation or consumption of chocolate is depicted in the image of a chocolate party in spain?
The use of a saucer to catch spills
How did the decision by the Chinese state to require payment of taxes in silver in the 1570s affect the global economy?
The value of silver around the world skyrocketed
What did the Mexica people developed over the next century of 1325?
Their own military capacity, served as mercenaries for more powerful people, negotiated elite marriage alliances with them, and built their own capital city of Tenochtitlan
Once England joined the Atlantic Slave Trade, how did their presence shift the trade? What was the Triangular Trade? What were the corners of the triangle? Explain which goods were coming out of each part of the triangle.
Their presence introduced the idea and practice of the Triangular Trade because they were able to make the manufactured goods. The Triangular Trade was the transatlantic route of moving slaves from Africa, America, Europe, and sometimes South America in exchange for other goods. Out of Europe: Manufactured goods (cloth, guns, iron, luxuries) Out of Africa: Humans and raw materials (slaves, gold, ivory, spices) Out of the Americas: raw materials (THINGS YOU CAN NOT GET ELSEWHERE) (sugar, cotton, lumbar, oil, tobacco)
Describe what joint stock companies allowed early European capitalists to do.
They adapted bookkeeping methods to show profits and losses from their ventures.
What factors created this "demand" for cheap, manual labor in the Americans? (Leading to the "need" to use other humans)
They started colonizing American land and needed people to farm and plant crops. The Africans were a better fit for the job because of their skin color, knowledge of the land, and immunity to American diseases.
Which of the following statements is NOT true with regard to the Saljuq Turks?
They usurped the Abbasid caliphate and claimed the title of caliph for themselves
Which describes the role Europeans played in the economy of the early modern era?
They were essentially middlemen funneling American silver into Asia
Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires?
They were initiated by maritime expansion
Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires?
They were initiated by maritime expedition
Which of the following was a reason that Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first to expand into the New World?
They were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas.
Identify the name for the Indian troops who helped the British+French armies fight the Mughals.
They were referred to as sepoys.
Explain why Japanese shoguns turned against foreign traders in the mid-1500s.
They were struggling for power and they adopted Western firearms so they could force them to leave
Identify the actions the Spanish took in their effort to gain control of the Incas.
They would capture Atahualpa and slaughter him and thousands of other people.
How did human sacrifice ideology shape the techniques of Aztec wars?
They would capture prisoners instead than killing them so they can use them for sacrifices
Identify the first African port occupied by the Portuguese in the early 1400s
They would seize the port of Ceuta
Explain how the Manchus effectively ruled China after seizing Beijing in 1644.
They would set up a new dynasty called the Qing. They allowed local governments to remain governing out they had Manchus troops just for security and no secrets from the governments.
Explain how the triangular trade worked.
This was a triangular-shaped series of Atlantic trade routes linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas. It worked by Merchant ships brought European goods- including guns, cloth, and cash-to Africa. In Africa the Merchants traded these goods for slaves. On the second leg, known as the Middle Passage, the slaves were then transported to the Americas. There the enslaved Africans were exchanged for sugar, molasses, and other products manufactured at plantations owned by Europeans. On the final leg, merchants carried sugar, molasses, cotton, and other American goods such as furs, salt fish, and rum made from Molasses. These goods were shipped to Europe, where they were traded at a profit for the European commodities that mercahants needed to return to Africa.
Explain what the establishment of the "putting-out system" would later lead to.
This would lead to the capitalist-owned factories of the Industrial Revolution.
Which of the following reflects the Enlightenment view of the innate qualities of the individual?
Thoughtful, rational, and independent
Who was often credited with crystallizing the ideology of state that gave such great importance to human sacrifices in the Aztec empire?
Tlacalele (1398-1480) a prominent official of the Aztec empire
What was the largest marketplace near the capital city?
Tlatelolco, huge size, good order,and immense range of goods available
Which of the following was an incentive for the Portuguese to find a direct sea route to Asia?
To circumvent the Muslim and Venetian monopolies on Indian Ocean trade
Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their initial invasion of the New World?
To gain advantage against their own enemies
Which of the following was a motivation for European expansion but not for Chinese expansion in the fifteenth century?
To gain direct access to the wealth of Africa and Asia
The high level of Chinese literacy was due to
the invention of movable-type printing and cheap paper.
which of the following developments in the early modern period provided incentives for Europeans to go into the fur trade?
the middle passage
*IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE between when countries abolished the slave trade and when they abolished the institution of slavery
When the country abolished the slave trade, they would not receive/import anymore slaves from other areas by means of trade. However, that did not mean the institution of slavery ended. Although they did not import any more slaves, they continued to use remaining slaves or slaves's children to continue the institution of slavery.
Describes the religious persecution of the 1500s and 1600s
Witches and Jews were persecuted for not joining Christianity
Which of the following statements concerning the status of women during the era of the daimyos is most accurate?
Women were excluded from inheritance and treated as defenseless appendages of their warrior fathers or husbands.
Which emperor's reign marked the high point of the Tang power?
Xuanzong
In 1271, Kubilai Khan changed the name of the Mongol dynasty in China to
Yuan.
During the period of the warring daimyos, what was the factor that led to a revival of Chinese influence on the cultural level?
Zen Buddhism
Who was the founder of the Song dynasty?
Zhao Kuangyin
Who was the most prominent of the neo-Confucians during the Song era?
Zhu Xi
The Mughal ruler Akbar favored policies that promoted
a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture
which of the following describes the experiences of some women in Africa in the early modern era?
a few women had access to political power
The nature of the society into which the prophet Muhammad was born was
a society made up largely of nomads and merchants.
why was the Song Dynasty divided?
the northern song were deleted by the Manchurians
Geography, environment, and movement in Vietnam
divided the nation into two cultural divisions-one in the south along the Mekong River and the other in the north along the Red River.
which of the following was a major change in global patterns of religious beliefs and practices in the period 1450-1750 ce?
adherents of monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam increased both in number and in geographic scope as as result of conquest, trade, and missionary activities
Both Wang Yangmin in his view of Confucianism and Martin Luther in his view of Christianity
argued that individuals could find their own path to virtue and salvation.
The group which most directly challenged
aristocrats and local provincial administrators
Local Vietnamese officials identified most with the interests of
the peasants and local village culture.
The colonial economy of the Spanish Empire in former Aztec and Inca lands was
based on commercial agriculture and mining.
In order to lesson the influence of aristocrats and bolster the positions of the peasants, the Tang and Song monarchs
broke up large landed estates and gave theland to the peasants.
Warrior leaders in the 10th century in Japan who controlled provincial areas and ruled from small fortresses in the countryside were called
bushi
The invention of explosive powder (gunpowder)in China
had little initial impact on warfare.
what agricultural innovation allowed the Chinese population to double during the Song Dynasty?
champa rice
After their independence from China, the Vietnamese
conquered the highlands and coasts between the Mekong River and South China Sea
Europeans who practiced in the Scientific revolution placed value on knowledge that was based on
mathematical reasoning
Whose expedition around the Cape of Good Hope to India gave Portugal a lucrative spice trade with India?
da Gama's
Seventeenth and eighteenth century kings increased their royal power by doing all the following EXCEPT
decreasing the size of the army
Ulama and qadis were important in Islamic society because they
developed public policies and heard cases in accordance with the Quran and the sharia.
The "gathering" of Christian boys from the Ottoman empire to convert to Islam and enter a training program for government positions was called
devshrime
Europeans who participated in the Scientific Revolution placed value on knowledge that was based on
mathematical reasoning.
The revocation of the Edict of Nantes resulted in the
end of Protestant education in France
The typical pattern for relations between
for these states to acknowledge Chinese superiority and pay tribute but remain in dependent.
The era of Tang and Song rule in China wasknown as a(n)
golden age of Chinese culture and accomplishments.
Muhammad experienced profound spiritual revelations that led him to believe that
he was the last prophet of Allah.
The Spanish conquistador's main advantage over the natives of the New World was his
horse and firearm
The number of slaves shipped from Africa to the Americas peaked
in the 1700s
Which of the following was NOT a goal of Peter the Great?
introduction of censorship
A term used to describe the mixed-race population of Spanish colonial societies in the Americas
mestizo
Slavery in Haiti
most profitable - coffee, based on race, French colony, 1st country to have slave rebellion, slaves outnumbered Haitians 10/1, system worked by barter, France's richest colony, systematic racism, look at ancestors 128 relatives back, rights based on nationalities, first run slave success in 1801
Differing from the Umayyad caliphs, the Abbasid rulers
paid more attention to administration rather than expansion of the empire.
During Abbasid times, the Arabs learned from China the technique of making
paper
which of the following was long term impact of vasco de gama's voyage to India in 1498?
it led to the integration of European merchants into the Indian Ocean economy
Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the sharia?
it was created by the prophet Muhammad.
During the Song dynasty the interest of Confucian intellectuals in nature was most apparent in their production of
landscape paintings.
The major demographic change in China between 500 and 1000 C.E. was the
large population increase in the south around the Yangtze.
The Roman Catholic friar who opposed the cruel treatment of the Indians by his fellow Spaniards in the New World was
las Casas
Buddhist successes in China during the Tangera
led to persecutions and seizures of Buddhist monastic lands.
As the power of the Heian emperors declined,
local nobles carved out estates and reduced the peasants to serfdom.
The technological advance that facilitated Chinese overseas trade was
maritime tools such as the junk.
The title of jinshi was reserved for those who
passed the most difficult exams on Chinese literature.
The term used to refer to people who were born in Spain; they claimed superiority over Spaniards born in the Americas
peninsulares
The Tang rulers were able to control potential nomadic threats to China by
playing one nomadic group against another.
The map above illustrates which of the following?
predominant areas of origin and destination of African slaves on the 15th through 19th cenutries
The origins of the Atlantic slave trade were associated with the
production of sugar.
Tang military expansion into central Asia
promoted renewed commercial contacts between China and west Asia.
a historian researching the trans-Atlantic slave trade in the period 1600-1800 would find which of the following sources most useful for determining patterns in the points of origin, the destination, and the numbers of slaves involved in the trade?
records of cargoes of Spanish and British ships in the trans-Atlantic trade
Slavery in Brazil
ruled by Portuguese, different regions: NE sugar plantations, S coffee, SE gold. Originally used Natives but they died from disease, constant input NOT BORN INTO SLAVERY, cultural influence from Africa, imported most slaves and for longest time, resold once got to ports.
The early scientist in the Scientific Revolution
saw no conflict between science and religion
The early scientists in the Scientific Revolution
saw no conflict between science and religion.
To administer China, the Tang and Song
scholar-gentry
The first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia was the trade in
silver
the first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia was the trade in
silver
In contrast to the Portuguese and Spanish colonist in Latin America, British colonists in North America
sought to escape rather than re-create European traditions in the Americas
the transfer which of the following as a part of the Colombian Exchange had the greatest effect on human migration patterns before 1800?
sugarcane
What Japanese ruling faction was destroyed by the full-scale civil war that raged from 1467 to 1477?
the Ashikaga
the most common destination in the Americas for West African slaves was
the Carribbean and Brazil
Unlike his father, the second Sui emperor favored
the Confucian scholar-gentry class.
The Five Pillars are to Muslims as
the Noble Eightfold Path is to Buddhists.
The Umayyad dynasty was founded by
the Sunnis.
Which if the following did all the Enlightenment thinkers share?
the belief in progress and reason
In Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, the class that most welcomed Chinese influence and culture was
the court bureaucrats (scholar-gentry).
all of the following resulted from the growth of Atlantic slave trade in Africa except
the exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market
Under pressure from authorities in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers fled to Medina in 622. Muslims call this move
the hijra.
A major reason for the decline of Portugal as a great power was
the inability to adequately defend and administer so vast an empire
which of the following is beset concluded about slavery in British North America from the graph above and knowledge of the period?
the increase in the number of slaves reflected a probable increase in the demand for plantation laborers
what did the Portuguese do after they established sea routed to the Indian Ocean?
they conquered several strategic port cities
The influence of Chinese culture in Korea produced all of the following EXCEPT:
unified resistance from the three kingdoms.
U.S slavery
women are more profitable if they could have babies, men more profitable is 25, did not import, born into slavery, deficiencies since not well fed, abolished in 1866, congressed outlawed it in 1806, forbid slaves to marry, allowed to reproduce, if heard of marriage it would purposefully be broken up, still worked when pregnant, continued illegally
During the centuries between 1450 and 1750, the spread of Islam was usually the
work of Muslim holy men, scholars, and traders.
Tribute that Russian rulers demanded from native peoples of Siberia, most often in the form of furs
yasak
