World History: Topic 11: Section 1 & 2 Vocabulary (Maxed)

Ferdinand Magellan

D: A Portuguese navigator and explorer who was the first man to attempt and circumnavigate the world, though he was killed late in his expedition. S: Ferdinand Magellan might have received a lot of more glory if he survived the battle in the Philippines, yet his already exhausted crew barely made it and carried his success.

Goa

D: A coastal city seized in the 1510 that became the commercial and military base of Portugal's India trade. S: The increasing power of Portugal in India after seizing Goa is making is slightly more difficult for trading with the other European countries in the region.

Philippines

D: A country made up of several thousand islands that was seized by the Spanish in the 1500's that became an important trade link in Spain's overseas trading empire in the Americas. S: The Philippines is filled with indigenous people who have access to much of the wildlife, until the Spanish conquered and controlled the region for their prosperity in silver.

Outpost

D: A distant military station or a remote settlement. S: The outposts often scattered around the region of Asia and Africa is often useful for broadcasting and delivering information to an allied headquarters.

Line of Demarcation

D: A line set by the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing the non-European world into two zones with either controlled by Spain or Portugal. S: The line of demarcation provided a significant line of separation between the land that Spain and Portugal wanted to desirably own.

Lord Macartney

D: A member of the British Parliament, chief secretary for Ireland, and governor of several British colonies. He was sent to persuade Emperor Qianlong of China to allow British traders into northern port cities. S: Lord Macartney was an important political figure who was sent by King George III of England so they can establish important trade, yet it had failed as it was the point that China cut itself off.

Dutch East India Company

D: A trading company with full sovereign powers by the Netherlands in 1602 to protect and expand its trade in Asia. S: The grip that the company has in Asia permits and protects the trade influences it has in Asia with awareness of Portugal's power.

Matteo Ricci

D: An Italian scholar and Jesuit priest who traveled to China to teach and show the Chinese mathematical concepts, astronomy, geography, writing books, and painting. S: Matteo Ricci was a beloved scholar in China for what he taught them, and his knowledge and talents.

Mombasa

D: An established East African coastal city and hub of international trade taken over by the Portuguese for the trade routes. S: In the 1400s, the Portuguese explorers had attacked and expelled the Arabs who controlled the trade routes to East Africa.

Malindi

D: An existing East African Coastal city and hub of international trade taken over by the Portuguese for the trade routes. S: The city of Malindi is very similar to Mombasa since they are both in the present-day country Kenya on the same coast.

Moluccas

D: An island chain in present-day Indonesia called the Spice Islands for it was the chief source of spices. S: Moluccas was a trade center for the western European countries desiring the rich and uncommon spices there.

Malacca

D: City located on the Malay Peninsula near the strategic Straits of Malacca. S: A grip on trade especially in an Indonesian strait provides better spice access and shipment.

Guangzhou

D: Coastal city in southeastern China, also named Canton, where (during Ming dynasty) the Dutch, English, and other Europeans could trade with Chinese merchants under supervision of imperial officials during trade season. S: The ever increasing trading with Europe allowed China to gain much prosperity as they are already mostly isolated with their environmental challenges.

Boers

D: Dutch farmers who settled in Cape Town, Africa, and eventually migrated inland. S: The Boers of Cape Town were often peaceful farmers until revolts against the British empire lead to the Boers Wars.

Sovereign

D: Having full, independent power. S: Sovereign can describe people who have full control of themselves to make independent decisions with almost no outside influences.

Sepoy

D: Indian soldier who served in an army set up by the French or English trading companies. S: It is an rare occasion that a native, such as Sepoy, would be willing to give up his traditions for war.

Christopher Columbus

D: Italian explorer and navigator, funded by Spanish Monarchs, who went on to explore a western trade route, but ended up reaching/locating the Caribbean Islands of American. S: Christopher Columbus Day was dedicated to celebrate him, though many people realized that he didn't actually found nor discover the Americas with the indigenous populations living there.

Nagasaki

D: Japanese city, on an island in its harbor, in which the Tokugawa shoguns in the 1600's permitted one or two Dutch ships to trade with Japan each year. S: The city of Nagasaki was an important trade center as the very limited trading between the countries are dependent on the one or two limited trading ships.

Mughal Empire

D: Muslim empire that ruled most of northern India known as the Mogul empire. S: The strong Muslim empire rising does create a threat but also a trade capital in India for the Europeans especially in the Eastern settlements/trade routes.

Manchus

D: People originally from Manchuria (North of China) who conquered the Ming dynasty and ruled China as the Qing dynasty. S: The Qing rule from the 1600's to 1900's of the Manchus completely changed the future and culture of the enormous Chinese empire.

Afonso de Albuquerque

D: Portuguese admiral who helped fund Portugal's trade empire in the East by establishing forts, churches, and Indian industries . S: The threat of Arabs and other violent nomads were threats, and Afonso de Albuquerque established Portugal's dominance and strength in the East.

Vasco da Gama

D: Portuguese explorer and navigator who was the first person to reach India directly by sailing around Africa at the Cape of Good Hope prone to weather disturbances. S: The long journey taken by Vasco da Gama was perilous as sailing in the range of threats and coastal storms was very possible.

Prince Henry

D: Portuguese prince and patron of explorers who provided a foundation for Portugal's rise to international dominance and acquisition of its colonial empire. S: Prince Henry's actions has started to give economical dominance for Portugal in colonization and exploration.

Macao

D: Region of southeastern China made up of a peninsula and two islands. S: During the Ming Dynasty, the emperors allowed the Portuguese to set up a trading post in the Macao region.

Tokugawa

D: Shoguns of the Japanese feudalism age who were supreme military leaders that later reunified Japan. S: The Tokugawa of the Japan feudalism era were heavily influential as they often had master samurai and other warriors fighting for them.

Qianlong

D: The Chinese emperor during the late 1700's who expanded the Chinese empire significantly, and he patronized the arts, commissioned great literary works, and formed China's national palace museum with art collections that remain important today. S: China may be the Chinese emperor of the later centuries that reclaimed and confiscated the land of China into the economically dominant and size it is today.

Cape Town

D: The first permanent European settlement in Africa established by the Dutch. S: Cape Town unusually was the first European settlement in Africa after so many years of people conquering and control Africa.

Qing

D: The last Chinese dynasty ruled by the Manchus before the communist takeover. S: The Qing dynasty was a relatively new age dynasty in which lasted for quite a long time before they were ultimately ended for the prosperity in communist control. They still deny their government position although it is pretty clear.

Circumnavigate

D: To travel completely around the world. S: Ferdinand Magellan had the first crew to circumnavigate the world and future expeditions were founded; although, the journey is incredibly perilous especially without support or assistance.

Treaty of Tordesillas

D: Treaty between Spain and Portugal in 1494 which divided the non-European world between them. S: The Treaty of Tordesillas is just like the food it sounds like; therefore, it equally split the entire unexplored continent between the two powerful countries.

Cartographer

D:A person who makes maps. S: Early cartographers only knew that the layout of the Eastern Hemispheric Continents, but nothing about the Western Hemisphere.