world religion ch 2

Identify true statements about a shaman

A shaman has healing ability. a shaman can contact the spiritual realm.

Identify a true statement about holistic cultures.

Art, music, religion, and social behavior can be inseparable in such cultures.

Identify the principal threats to the existence of indigenous religions.

Conversion to other religions. Loss of natural environments. The global spread of popular culture.

_____ is the process of using spiritual powers and trance states to look into the past and future.

Divination

________ involves the recording of chants and the sounds of musical instruments that might otherwise be lost.

Ethnomusicology

Identify the experiences of a shaman when the shaman reaches the spirits in dreams or trances. (Check all that apply.)

Following a sacred map Flying through the air Climbing a sacred tree

Identify a true statement regarding environmentalist David Suzuki's study of indigenous religions.

He argued that we must look to native peoples and religions for insightful lessons in the relationship between human beings and nature

In the context of indigenous societies, identify the true statements regarding marriage. (Check all that apply.)

It ensures fertility. It publicly affirms and stabilizes a union. It cements economic arrangements.

Identify a true statement about a calumet.

It gives protection to the person who carries it.

Identify a true statement about sacred space

It is associated with the center of the entire universe

Identify the features of the Poro initiation society. (Check all that apply.)

It is controlled by a hierarchy of elders. It conducts initiations to ensure rebirth of the youths.

In the context of societies, identify the true statements regarding marriage.

It publicly affirms and stabilizes a union. it ensures fertility. it cements economic arrangements

Identify the true statements about sacred time. (Check all that apply.)

It returns to its origins for renewal. It is cyclical.

Identify the true statements about marriage among Native American people. (Check all that apply.)

Marriage is celebrated simply as a social contract that is worked out by the families. Monogamy is the norm.

_____ play a significant role in native religions, especially when used in dance.

Masks

A common English term for a shaman is _______

Medicine man

Identify the factors that threaten the existence of indigenous religions. (Check all that apply.)

The prevalence of standardized architecture as the "international style" The spread of modern culture through television, radio, and the internet

Identify the true statements about the animistic worldview. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question.

There may be no clear boundaries between the natural and supernatural. It sees everything as part of the same reality.

Identify a true statement about the mystical forces of the universe in native African religions.

They are neither evil nor good in themselves.

Identify the features of chanters. (Check all that apply.)

They create special variations on traditional chants. They create variations on oral texts.

Identify a true statement regarding indigenous religions.

They often revere a High God.

The Inuit

They speak of a Great Spirit living in the sky who is female.

The BaKuta of central Africa

They speak of the twins Nzambi-above and Nzambi-below.

True or false: In religions that do not rely on the written word, artistic expressions take on unique significance because they remind practitioners of the specifics of the oral tradition.

True

Which of the following ways are used to induce the shamanic trance state? (Check all that apply.)

Weakening the visual boundaries Making regular rhythmic sounds Experiencing sensory deprivation

Taboos represent _____.

a codification of the social and religious order

A belief of the Inuit regarding God is that _____.

all human spirits return to a Great Spirit in the sky

The arts of native religions are created _____.

as functional objects to be used in particular settings and special ways

In indigenous societies, death is accompanied by rituals that protect the living from _____.

bad influences that can come from an unhappy spirit

According to Harvard biologist E. O. Wilson, man must foster --------, a love of life.

biophilia

According to Harvard biologist E.O. Wilson, man must foster _______, a love of life.

biophilia

Identify the ways in which a shaman can reach spirits ______.

by following a sacred map by flying through the air by climbing a tree

An _____ is a long sacred pipe used by the Native American people for smoking.

calumet

is a long sacred pipe used by the Native American people for smoking.

calumet

In western Africa, initiation societies oversee the _____ rituals.

coming-of-age

In western Africa, initiation societies oversee the ______ rituals.

coming-of-age

A feature of animism is that it _____.

considers the life force to be present in everything

A feature of animism is that it _______.

considers the life force to be present in everything

A feature of Chanters is that they must _______.

create variations on oral texts create special variations on traditional chants

______ is the process of using spiritual powers and trance states to look into the past and future

divination

In indigenous religions, sacred time is the time of ____

eternity

In indigenous religions, sacred time is the time of _____.

eternity

In order to become a shaman, one should have _____.

experienced a great loss

A feature of indigenous religions is that they ___

focus on lesser deities in their prayer, art, and rituals

A feature of indigenous religions is that they _____.

focus on lesser deities in their prayer, art, and rituals

A true statement about Native American religions is that they _____.

have little distinction between the human and animal worlds

Identify a true statement regarding environmentalist David Suzuki's study of Indigenous religion.

he argued that we must look to native peoples and religions for insightful lessons in the relationship between human beings and nature.

Indigenous religions generally exist within--------- cultures, in which every object and act may have religious meaning.

holistic

indiginous religions generally exist within ______ cultures, in which every object and act may have religious meaning.

holistic

In native Hawaiian religion, _____ is danced in conjunction with chanting to honor the gods.

hula kahiko

In native Hawaiian religion, ______ is danced in conjunction with chanting to honor the gods.

hula kahiko

Taboos protect people of high position, such as chiefs, nobility, priests, andshamans, from _____.

insult or inappropriate action

ethnomusicology

involves the recording of chants and the sounds of musical instruments that might otherwise be lost.

A misconception about oral religions is that they _____.

lack complexity

In hula, ____ refers to wreaths of flowers or other plants that are worn around the head wrists, and ankles.

lei

In hula,----refers to wreaths of flowers or other plants that are worn around the head, wrists, and ankles.

lei

In the context of atonement for breaking a taboo, a _______ is the act of pouring a bit of drink on the ground as an offering.

libation

is the act of pouring a bit of drink on the ground as an offering.

libation

In African groups, the king was protected by taboos in order to _____.

maintain his health

the shamanic trance state can be induced by _______.

making regular rhythmic sounds weakening the visual boundaries experiencing sensory deprivation

Identify a less permanent way in which native religions express themselves.

masks

A common English term for a shaman is _____.

medicine man

The totem animals may be _____.

memorials to ancestors

In indigenous religions, _____ has been used to induce trance states.

peyote cactus

According to the traditions of Indigenous religions, relatives and friends help the spirit of a dead person make its trip to the spirit world by ________.

placing clothing, food, money, and favorite objects with the body.

A common belief in African religions is that divination can help an individual discover his or her _____.

predetermined future

A common belief in African religions is that divination can help an individual discover his or her _______.

predetermined future

The shaman blends the roles of ______.

priest, oracle, pschologist, and doctor

The ritual of vision quest may involve _____.

prolonged fasting and preliminary cleansing

In native religions, a taboo is seen as a way of ____

protecting an individual

The shaman blends the roles of _____.

psychiatrist, doctor,

In religions, chants are essential because they _____.

re-create the stories of the religious traditions

The doorway through which the "other world" of gods and ancestors can contact individuals refers to _____.

sacred space

The doorway through which the "other world" of gods and ancestors can contact individuals refers to _________.

sacred space

The concept of animism refers to _____.

seeing everything in the universe as being alive

An _______ acts as an intermediary between the visible, ordinary world and the spirit world

shaman

Identify the true statements about a shaman. (Check all that apply.)

shaman has healing ability. A shaman can contact the spiritual realm.

In general, the word taboo means _____.

something that is prohibited

In Native American religions, dances that imitate animals, such as the movements of buffaloes, are acts of _____.

supplication

In native american religions, dances that imitate animals, such as the movements of buffaloes, are acts of _______.

supplication

In native African religions, diviners and healers direct powerful but invisible spiritual forces through incantations, figurines, and potions in what is sometimes called _____.

sympathetic magic

In native African religions, diviners and healers direct powerful but invisible spiritual forces through incantations, figurines, and potions in what is sometimes called _______.

sympathetic magic

An ________ is a rule that forbids specific behavior with regard to certain objects, people, animals, days, or phases of life.

taboo

is a rule that forbids specific behavior with regard to certain objects, people, animals, days, or phases of life.

taboo

An advantage of the blending of indigenous religions with more dominant religions is that it has made _____.

the continued existence of indigenous religions possible

An advantage of the blending of indigenous religions with more dominant religions is that it has made _______.

the continued existence of indigenous religions possible

In native religions, the significance of a dancer wearing a mask and any accompanying costume is that _____.

the dancer actually becomes the spirit

In native religions, the significance of a dancer wearing a mask and any accompanying costume is that ______.

the dancer actually becomes the spirit

Up until the early part of the twentieth century, there was a lack of attention to oral religions due to _____.

the relative ease of studying religions with written records

Up until the early part of the twentieth century, there was a lack of attention to oral religions due to ______.

the relative ease of studying religions with written records

Identify the factors that threaten the existence of religions

the spread of modern culture through television, radio and the internet the prevalence of standardized architecture as international style

Identify the true statements about the animistic worldview.

there may be no clear boundaries between the natural and supernatural it sees everything as part of the same reality

identify a true statement about the mystical forces of the universe in native African religions.

they are neither evil nor good in themselves

The inuit

they speak of a Great Spirit living in the sky who is female

The Bakuta of Central Africa

they speak of the twins Nzambi-above and Nzambi-below

A _____ is an animal figure that is revered for its symbolic meaning and its clan symbolism.

totem

A _______ is an animal figure that is revered for its symbolic meaning and its clan symbolism.

totem

A shaman can interpret the language of animals, charm them, and draw on their powers.

true

True or false: A shaman can interpret the language of animals, charm them, and draw on their powers.

true

True or false: Native religions often express themselves in ways that have less permanence.

true

True or false: Photography captures native styles of life and allows them to be seen with a certain immediacy.

true

In Native American religions, a common ritual of early maturity is the _____.

vision quest

According to the animistic worldview, every object in the world has a spirit and that spirit is called

wakan

according to the animistic worldview, every object in the world has a spirit is called ____________.

waken

In order to gain the powers of animals and the rest of nature, a shaman _____.

wear deer alters

In order to gain the powers of animals and the rest of nature, a shaman ________.

wears deer antlers