World religions
4th largest religion in the world
buddhism
Where and who did islam begin? What are the followers of islam called?
. Islam began in Arabia and was revealed to humanity by the Prophet Muhammad(peace be upon him). Those who follow Islam are called Muslims.
Sacred texts of Hinduism
1. Four Vedas("truth") -sacred hymns of praise Contain knowledge revealed by Brahman 2. Upanishads-philosophical reflections on the Vedas the Great Indian Epics (composed by sages) Ramayana Mahabharata(includes Bhagavad-Gita)
About the temple (judaism)
According to the Bible, the First Temple for Jewish worship was built around 900-1000 BCE and destroyed by Babylonians in 586 BCE.•The Jews were then sent out of Canaan, but returned after 50 years in exile. A new temple was finished 70 years later on the site of the First Temple, but was badly plundered by invading Romans about 54 BCE. King Herod, a Jew, ruled Judea for the Romans. Under him the second temple was rebuilt in 20 BCE. When the Romans attacked Jerusalem again in 70 CE(AD), they destroyed Herod's temple.• Today, the single remaining temple wall, the Western Wall, is a place of prayer for Jewish pilgrims.
What is atman? (hindusim)
Atman-the soul -each person has one that is an aspect of Brahman. Can't ever be destroyed.
Where was hindusim located before vs today
Both then and now located in India and Southeast asia
Who is Brahman? (hindusim)
Brahman -the eternal being -created and preserves the world. Everything in the world is an aspect of Brahman.
Buddhism location (then and now)
Buddhism located in Southeast and East Asia (China) Then and Now
What does buddhism teach
Buddhism, which teaches people that they can escape the suffering of the world through the Buddhist teachings,
Who/where/when christianity started
Christianity-Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 33 in Palestinein the city of Jerusalem. It was after his death when his followers came to believe in him as the Christ, the Messiah
Christianity beliefs
Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the Son of God aka the incarnated God Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah Christians believe that there is only one God, but that this one God consists of 3 "parts"-God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Ghost--Trinity Christians believe that they can have a personal relationship with God, and that they are saved by faith, and good works. They believe in heaven and hell.
What is the fundemental cause of suffering? (buddhism)
Desire. Therefore, extinguish the self, don't obsess about oneself. Give up all materials and possessions of the world.
What are Devas? Who are three most common? (hindusim)
Devas -manifestations of Brahman that are active in the world and who help to maintain order.3 of the most common—Brahma, Vishnu, & Siva
Tibetan Buddhism
Developed in Tibet in the 7BCE. A mix of Theravada and Mahayana. Boddhisatvas include Lamas, like the Dalai Lama.
Location then and now (Christianity)
In 1500, located in Europe and Middle East Today, located in Americas and Europe and Australia
Judaism location (the and now)
In 1500, located in Europe and Middle East. Today, located in Israel and U.S.
Islam location then/now
In 1500, located in Middle East, Africa, and Southern Europe Today, located in Middle East, Africa, and Asia
Mahayana Buddhism
Founded in northern Asia (China, Japan). Buddhism "for the masses." One doesn't need to be a monk or nun to reach nirvana; anyone can do it with some help. Seek guidance from Boddhisatvas, wise beings, people who have found enlightenment but have stayed on earth to help others find their way. Goal: Not just individual escape from the wheel, but the salvation of all humanity through self-sacrifice of those who are already enlightened.d
Who/where/when islam started
Founded inArabia by Muhammad in A.D. 622.
What is the month of pilgramage for muslims called? Where do they go?
Hijja: The month of pilgrimage during which all Muslims, at least once in their life, should try to make the pilgrimage to Mecca and worship at the Kaaba
______ is the second most popular religion in the world with ___ billion followers
Islam 1.3 billion
Which three religions are linked by Abraham—He is the patriarch of all 3
Islam, christianity, judaism
Judaism holy city?
Its holy city is Jerusalem.
Judaism beliefs
Jews believe that there is a single God(Yahweh) who not only created the universe, but with whom every Jew can have an individual and personal relationship. They await the Messiah, who will be an earthly king. They believe in heaven, but that God determines where they go after life on earth. Ten Commandments is the basic code of law.
Where/when jews worship. Who is worship lead by?
Jews worship in Synagoguesor temples. Men and women usually sit separately. Worship is led by a Rabbi. Saturday (begins at sundown on Friday) is time for worship.
How old and big is Judaism
Judaism is over 3000 years oldand is the oldestof the world's monotheistic religions (religions with only one God). It's also the smallest, with only about 14 million(7th) followers around the world.
How judaism, Christianity, and Islam see each other
Judaism-"Islam and Christianity are false interpretations and extensions of Judaism." Christianity -"Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete revelation. Islam is a false religion." Islam-"Jews and Christians are respected as fellow believers, but with wrong beliefs and only partial revelation."
Who/Where/when judaism started
Judaism-The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths (religions with one God).
What is Kharma? (hinduism)
Karma-the sum effect of a person's actions, good and bad, which helps shape future experiences
What is moksha and dharma? (hindusim)
Moksha -goal of human existence, escape from the cycle of reincarnation to join with the Brahman. 7. Dharma -set of spiritual duties and obligations that must be fulfilled to achieve moksha.
What do muslism believe
Muslims believe that there is only one God, called Allah, who speaks Arabic.
What is nirvana? What happens if not achieved? (buddhism)
Nirvana is a state of perfect peace in which the soul would be free from suffering forever. It would escape from the cycle of rebirth. If nirvana is not achieved, then the soul would be reborn to live through the cycle of suffering again.
Hindusim founded date
One of the oldest religions of humanity, founded in 1500 BCE or earlier.
Sacred text of buddhism
Pali Canon Dhammapada (Both record the words of the Buddha)
What is reincarnation? (hinduism)
Reincarnation -being reborn into this world lifetime after lifetime (Samsara)
Types of Christians
Roman Catholicism vs. Eastern Orthodox-ChristianChurch divided when the Roman Empire was divided and then fell. Orthodox Christians do not recognize the authority of the Pope. Catholicism vs. Protestantism-asa result of the Reformation, Protestant sects broke with the Catholic Church and established their own separate churches.
Buddhism can be traced to one single founder,
Siddhartha Gautama
5 pillars of belief (islam)
Shahadah: declaration of faith Salah: Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca Zakat: Give a fixed proportion to charity Saum: Fast during the month of Ramadan Hajj: Make a pilgrimage to Mecca
Religious practices of buddhism
Spiritual leaders are called monks or lamas. Worship takes place in a temple or meditation hall.
Types of muslims
Sunni-the majority Shia-the minority
Christian holy book
The Bible is the Christian holy book. It is divided into the Old and New Testaments. Parts of the writing contained in the Old Testament are also sacred toJewish and Muslim people.
Where/when do christians worship. Who leads the service?
The Christian place of worship is called a Church, which are built in the shape of a cross with the altar facing east towards the rising sun. Services are led by a priest, pastor or reverend. Day of worshipis normally Sunday.
Where do muslims worship? How many times a day, and what day? What are religious leaders called?
The Muslim building for communal worship is called a Mosque. Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day from minarets -towers on the mosque corners. Normal day of worship is Friday. Religious leaders are called imams.
Holy book of islam
The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an. It is 'the word of God'. Muslim beliefs and practices are rooted in the Qur'an.
Holy scriptures for judaism
The most holy Jewish book is the Torah(the first five books of the Christian Bible). Others include Judaism's oral tradition, the written form of which is known as the Talmud. The Torah (scroll of teachings) contains the five books revealed to Moses by God on Mount Sinai.
Theravada buddhism
The oldest school of Buddhism. Found in southern Asia. The monastic life is the best way to achieve nirvana. Focus on wisdom and meditation. Goal is to become a "Buddha," or "Enlightened One." Over 100,000,000 followers today.
Four noble truths (buddhism)
There is suffering in the world. To live is to suffer. The cause of suffering is people's desires for pleasure and material goods. The solution is to eliminate desire and attachments. (Nirvana = "extinction") To reach nirvana, one must follow the Eightfold Path.
Three types of buddhism
Tibetan, mahayana, theravada
Eightfold Path
U CAMEL IS Right Understanding Right Speech Right Livelihood Right Concentration Right Mindfulness Right Effort Right Action Right Intention
Goal for hindus
Ultimate goal of life -to release Atman and reunite with the divine, becoming as one with Brahman (Moksha)
Religious practices of Hindusim:
Vary greatly because worship can take place anywhere—usually a templeor in the home. Spiritual leaders are called gurus or sages. Yoga-integrated physical and mental exercises. They teach people to focus their minds and bodies which will aid their meditation in order to attain moksha Pilgrimage to Ganges (thought it flows through 2 devas so its water is holy. Bathing in it will purify them and remove bad karma.
__________-is the world's largest religion, with about _____ billion followers worldwide. It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived in the Holy Land 2,000 years ago.
christianity 2.2 billion
Where did hindusim come from
developed and evolved over a long time in India, giving rise to a variety of beliefs and practices and to other religions, including Buddhism.
Where/when did buddhism develop
developed in Northeast India in 520 BCE and spread to other parts of Asia
t is the 3rdlargest religion in the world.
hinduism
No particular founder
hindusim
Eightfold path leads to... (buddhism)
nirvana