The Early People of Texas
middleman
a dealer or agent acting as a go-between for the producers of goods and retailers or consumers
adobe
a mix of sun-dried earth and straw used to build houses
confederacy
a union of different groups; loose association
Jumamo
acted as middlemen between eastern farming tribes, traders, known for the bows and arrows they made, had a distinct striped marking on their faces
Atakapa
hunter and gatherers, lived in bayous, lived in southeastern Texas, relied on the alligator
Karankawa
lived along the Gulf Coast; nomadic people; lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering; traveled by water in large canoes
Caddo
lived in East Texas along the Red River, organized into confederacies, matrilineal society, agricultural societies, known for their pottery; lived in villages with thatched-roof houses
Coahuiltecan
lived in the South Texas Plains, used bow and arrows, gathered plant foods
Comanche
lived in the prairies, plateaus, and plains of western Texas; aided by horses, they became superb hunters; buffalo hunts were important events, lived in bands each having a leader and council of elders, forced onto reservations in Oklahoma
Tigua
lived near present-day El Paso, came with Spanish colonists, became a patrilineal society, tribal councils led by a cacique, lived in adobe houses
Apache
lived on the Plains of Texas, relied on bison (buffalo), one of the first groups to adopt the use of horses from the Europeans
distinct
notable, unique
Native Americans
people who lived in Texas for thousands of years before the arrival of the Europeans in the 1500s
Beliefs of early people
power to summon spirits to heal the sick, creation story of how the Earth and people were created, spirits walked the Earth and and interacted with humans
matrilineal
referring to a group that traces kinship through the mother's line
patrilineal
referring to a group that tracks kinship through the father's line
Lifestyles of Puebloan Groups
settled in areas of West Texas and Southwest Texas, constructed villages with homes made of adobe
migrate
to move from one place to another