The Early People of Texas

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middleman

a dealer or agent acting as a go-between for the producers of goods and retailers or consumers

adobe

a mix of sun-dried earth and straw used to build houses

confederacy

a union of different groups; loose association

Jumamo

acted as middlemen between eastern farming tribes, traders, known for the bows and arrows they made, had a distinct striped marking on their faces

Atakapa

hunter and gatherers, lived in bayous, lived in southeastern Texas, relied on the alligator

Karankawa

lived along the Gulf Coast; nomadic people; lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering; traveled by water in large canoes

Caddo

lived in East Texas along the Red River, organized into confederacies, matrilineal society, agricultural societies, known for their pottery; lived in villages with thatched-roof houses

Coahuiltecan

lived in the South Texas Plains, used bow and arrows, gathered plant foods

Comanche

lived in the prairies, plateaus, and plains of western Texas; aided by horses, they became superb hunters; buffalo hunts were important events, lived in bands each having a leader and council of elders, forced onto reservations in Oklahoma

Tigua

lived near present-day El Paso, came with Spanish colonists, became a patrilineal society, tribal councils led by a cacique, lived in adobe houses

Apache

lived on the Plains of Texas, relied on bison (buffalo), one of the first groups to adopt the use of horses from the Europeans

distinct

notable, unique

Native Americans

people who lived in Texas for thousands of years before the arrival of the Europeans in the 1500s

Beliefs of early people

power to summon spirits to heal the sick, creation story of how the Earth and people were created, spirits walked the Earth and and interacted with humans

matrilineal

referring to a group that traces kinship through the mother's line

patrilineal

referring to a group that tracks kinship through the father's line

Lifestyles of Puebloan Groups

settled in areas of West Texas and Southwest Texas, constructed villages with homes made of adobe

migrate

to move from one place to another


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