Zoology: Ch. 10 Fish
caudal
Another name for the tail fin
chimaeras
cartilaginous fish known informally as ghost sharks, ratfish, spookfish, or rabbitfishes
liver
cartilaginous fish store lipids in this organ; used for buoyancy
stingray shuffle
humans should do this to avoid stepping on a stingray
neuromasts
receptor organs that composed the lateral line system; are highly sensitive to vibration and water currents
cartilage
sharks, rays, skates, and chimeras have skeletons made of this material
internal
sharks, rays, skates, and chimeras have this type of fertilization
benthic
term used to describe bottom-dwelling animals
pelagic
term used to describe fish that prefer swimming neither close to the bottom nor near the shore; also known as nekton
jawbone
the earliest fish had no scales, paired fins, or this structure
great white, tiger, bull
Three species of sharks responsible for most human attacks
Chordata
To what Phylum do all fish belong?
Vertebrata
To what Sub-Phylum do all fish belong?
whale shark, basking shark
Two of the largest shark species
cycloid
Type of scales that are circular and smooth
ganoid
Type of scales that are diamond-shaped, shiny, and hard
ctenoid
Type of scales that have a characteristic toothed edge
spiny dogfish
Type of shark we dissected in class; also can live more than 100 years
placoderms
What is the name for the group of extinct armored fish?
gnathostomata
What is the name for the group of jawed vertebrates?
pelvic, pectoral
Which fins are considered paired fins?
age
You can tell this about a fish by looking at their cycloid or ctenoid scales
sea lamprey
1950's Great Lakes Fisheries were devastated by this invasive fish species
ray-finned fish
A huge and diverse modern group of fish containing nearly all familiar freshwater and marine fish; named after their fins, each fin is supported by long, segmented, bony elements called rays that support and stiffen each fin
lateral line system
A system of canals in the skin that allow a fish to sense vibrations in the water
hagfish
Blind bottom-dwellers that feed on dead or dying fish and produce large amounts of slime
Osteichthyes
Bony fish are members of this class
swim bladder
Bony fish can store gases in this organ; used for buoyancy
homocercal
Bony fish possess this type of caudal fin in which the fin appears superficially symmetric
Chondrichthyes
Cartilaginous fish are members of this class
ray
Cartilaginous fish with a flattened, diamond or disk-shaped body and flexible wing-like pectoral fins and long tail; the dorsal fin is absent or greatly reduced
skate
Cartilaginous fish with a flattened, triangular-shaped body and flexible wing-like pectoral fins and long tail; have a prominent dorsal fin
Asian carp
Fast-growing, aggressive, and adaptable invasive fish that is outcompeting native fish species for food and habitat; Many are worried it has or will soon enter into the Great Lakes
protein
Fish are one of the most important sources of this type of food
streamlined
Fish have this body shape which allows them to move rapidly in water
2
Fish hearts have this many chambers
gills
Fish use this organ for gas exchange
single-loop
Fish use this type of blood circulation
catadromous
Fish which spend most of their lives in freshwater but migrate to the sea to spawn, such as freshwater eels
anadromous
Fish which spend their adult lives at sea but return to freshwater to spawn, such as salmon
dilte urine
Freshwater fish are saltier than its surrounding environment so they must produce large amounts of this
Myxini
Hagfish are members of this class
lionfish
Invasive fish species threatening the Atlantic with venomous needle-like dorsal fin spines
Agnatha
Jawless fish are members of this Superclass
Petromyzontida
Lampreys are members of this class
spiracles
Large openings on top of a cartilaginous fish head; special gill slits located just behind the eyes
Manta
Largest species of ray
claspers
Males have these modified pelvic fins used in copulation to transfer sperm to female
drink large amounts of water
Marine fish are less salty than the surrounding water so they must do this
Australia
More shark casualties have been reported from this location than any other place
external
Most bony fish have this type of fertilization
operculum
Name for the gill cover
dorsal
Name for the shark fin that sticks out of the water like the movie Jaws
barbels
Name for the whisker-like sensory organs found on many fish
lampreys
Parasitic fish that attach themselves to their host with a disc-shaped mouth and feed on the blood and body fluids of other fish
teeth
Predator sharks have 6-20 rows of these
Pacific electric
Ray species which produce a current to stun their prey and for defense
rectal gland
Shark organ used to remove excess sodium and chloride ions from the body
stop swimming
Sharks have a hard time breathing and maintaining buoyancy when they do this
placoid
Sharks have skin covered with small tooth-like spines called this
apex predator
Sharks play this role in an ecosystem
heterocercal
Sharks possess this type of caudal fin in which the dorsal portion is usually larger than the ventral portion
olfactory bulbs
Sharks use this part of their brain for smelling
pup
Term for a baby shark
overexploited
Term for animals that are harvested beyond their ability to sustain a given population size; caught to their limit
ectothermic
Term for animals that primarily gains heat through the environment
poikilothermic
Term for animals whose body temperature adjusts depending on the environment
viviparous
Term for species in which the embryos receive nourishment from the maternal bloodstream through a placenta, or from "uterine milk," secretions produced by the mother
oviparous
Term for species in which the mother will lay an egg and the pup is born from that
ovoviviparous
Term for species which retain developing young in the uterus while they are nourished by contents of their yolk sac until born
fusiform
Term for the torpedo-like body shape of a shark
countershaded
Term that describe the coloration of most fish in which the dorsal surface is darker than the ventral surface.
lobe-finned fish
Terrestrial vertebrates arose from one lineage within this fish group; present day species include Lungfishes and Coelacanth
spawning
The egg laying behavior of fish; varies widely with bony fish
sailfish
The fastest fish in the world
shortfin mako
The fastest shark
ocean sunfish
The largest bony fish; also known as Mola mola
International Shark Attack File
The longest running database on shark attacks and the only globally-comprehensive, scientific shark attack database in the world
antiseptic
The mucus layer on bony fish serves this function
ampullae of lorenzini
These electroreceptor organs are located in a cartilaginous fish 's head and can detect the bioelectric fields
fish oil
This is one of the best sources of vitamin D and Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Devonian
This time period is nicknamed the "Age of Fishes"
freshwater
This type of bony fish are hyperosmotic regulators
marine
This type of bony fish are hypoosmotic regulators