10,11,13,14,15

Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?

CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)

What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?

CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.

Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?

HIV/AIDS

Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?

Jaundice

A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of

vitamin K deficiency.

One of the cardinal features of sickle cell anemia includes acute and chronic dysfunction of which organs?

Spleen,Bones.Brain.Lungs

Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury?

Systemic lupus erythematosus

A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with

telangiectasia.

The only known curative treatment for CML is _____ bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor.

allogeneic

Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of

glucose.

The major cause of death from leukemic disease is

infection

Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of

intrinsic factor

Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both

microcytic.

The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in

Fibrinolysis

Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before ____ years of age in patients with sickle cell anemia.

2

Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they

have no cytoplasmic organelles.

An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is

histamine.

Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves

impaired muscle function.

The effects of histamine release include

increased vascular permeability

Hemophilia B is also known as ________ disease.

Christmas

Which viruses have been implicated as cancer-causing agents? (Select all that apply.)

a. Epstein-Barr b. Human T-cell leukemia c. Human immunodeficiency

Anaphylaxis may occur in certain hypersensitivity reactions, including type (Select all that

a. I. b. II.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)

deficient immune response.

The nurse is educating a patient diagnosed with anemia of chronic renal failure about the disease. Which statements made by the nurse are correct regarding the patient's treatment?

"Since your glomerular filtration is 13 mL/min, you'll be started on dialysis." b. "Your hematocrit is 29%, so you're going to start on erythropoietin therapy." c. "Your hemoglobin is 9 g/dl, so you'll need erythropoietin therapy." e. "You're going to need iron, folate, and B12 therapy to help improve your blood counts."

A 5-year-old patient's parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk due to pain. The child's most likely diagnosis is

ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)

The patient is a 12-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Manifestations of the patient's leukemia prior to treatment may include (Select all that apply.)

a. anemia. b. leukocytosis. d. thrombocytopenia.

he Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene calles

bcr-abl.

Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum

bilirubin.

The final step in clot formation is:

clot retraction.

A newborn has melena, bleeding from the umbilicus, and hematuria. The newborn most likely experiencing

vitamin K deficiency bleeding.

A male patient involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought to the emergency department with acute flank pain. What additional signs of bleeding may the patient exhibit? (Select all that apply.)

a. Hematuria b. Melena c. Hematemesis e. Hemoptysis

What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?

Pancytopenia

RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) would be appropriate in an Rh-_____ woman with an _____ Rh-_____ antibody titer carrying an Rh-_____ fetus.

negative; negative; positive

A patient presents to the physician's office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years.

4 and 7

In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with

ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia).

A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is

Bence Jones proteins in the urine.

Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with

Epstein-Barr virus.

What is involved in the release of plasminogen activators? (Select all that apply.)

Factor XII HMWK Kallikrein Thrombin

Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called ________ proteins.

HLA or MHC

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type ____ hypersensitivity reactions.

I hypersensitivity

A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.

III

The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is type

IV.

The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is

IgE

What is necessary for red blood cell production?

Iron

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?

Iron deficiency

A patient is diagnosed with aplastic anemia. The nurse expects to find what patient symptoms upon assessment? (Select all that apply.)

Lethargy, Heart palpitations, Transient murmurs

Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?

Liver

Regarding iron deficiency anemia, what laboratory features are typically decreased?

MCV, MCH, MCHC

Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease?

Myeloma

While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is

activity restriction.

Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with

hemophilia.

The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dl is _____ ml oxygen/dl.

19.4

Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?

The vena cava

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as

bicarbonate ion.

A cause of thrombocytopenia includes

chemotherapy.

Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?

ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)

Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count?

Hemolytic anemia

A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is

aspirin.

Treatment for hemophilia A includes

factor VIII replacement.

The megakaryocyte is a precursor to

platelets.

A patient is diagnosed with CML (chronic myeloid leukemia). The patient may experience which of these symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

a. Fatigue b. Weight loss c. Abdominal discomfort e. Sweats

The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (International Normalized Ratio) measure the integrity of

extrinsic pathway.

Which involves bleeding associated with vascular or platelet defects? (Select all that apply.)

Bleeding that occurs immediately aftert rauma Bleeding that involves skin or mucous membranes Bleeding that is brief in duration

Which causes vasoconstriction?

Norepinephrine

Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?

Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruisin

Hapten mechanisms are found in which medications?

Penicillin Cephalosporins Tetracycline

A newborn patient is diagnosed with hemolytic disease. The nurse may expect to find what signs and symptoms?

Petechial hemorrhages Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Kernicterus

A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs

Platelet adhesion to injured tissue

Anemia related to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency is characterized by what laboratory features?

RBC counts of 500,000 to 750,000 cells/mm3 d. WBC counts of 4000 to 5000 cells/mm3

Which diseases may be associated with a bleeding problem? (Select all that apply.)

Renal failure Cirrhosis Systemic lupus erythematosus . Ovarian cancer

A patient is diagnosed with stage III non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is preparing to undergo treatment. Which treatments may be used to treat this patient's cancer? (Select all that apply.)

a. Radiation b. Bone marrow transplant c. Chemotherapy d. Lymph node transplant

A patient is diagnosed with hairy cell leukemia. The patient's lab results would most likely indicate a decrease in (Select all that apply.)

a. granulocytes. b. platelets. d. red blood cells.

A patient is diagnosed with myeloma. The nurse teaches the patient about the multiple tumor sites that can develop with this cancer. The possible tumor sites in myeloma include the (Select all that apply.)

a. liver. b. spleen. e. kidneys.

A patient is diagnosed with stage IIA Hodgkin disease. This patient's clinical stage was most likely determined by (Select all that apply.)

a. patient history. d. CT scan. e. physical examination.

Secondary immune deficiency problems may be caused by (Select all that apply.)

a. surgery. b. high blood sugar. c. corticosteroids. e. low protein leve

Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they

develop recurrent infections.

Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is

elevated total iron-binding capacity.

The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is

erythropoietin administration.

The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is

infection.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to

inhibit clotting factor consumption.

The cause of the most common form of anemia is

iron deficiency.

The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the

kidney.

The ________ is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of factor VIII.

liver

Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions because

massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation.

A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is

mast cells.

The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is

measures to improve oxygenation.

The anemia resulting from a deficiency of either vitamin B12 (cobalamin) or folate is caused by a disruption in DNA synthesis of the blast cells in the bone marrow that produces very large abnormal bone marrow cells called ________.

megaloblasts

A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest X-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is

myeloma.

Autoimmune diseases result from (Select all that apply.)

overactive immune function and failure of the immune system to (A,C)

The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the

oxygen-hemoglobin affinity.

Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by

recipient antibodies.

The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of

resistance.

The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is

selective IgA.

An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with

shift to the left.

Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the _________.

spinal cord

Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which

stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.

The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of

the intrinsic pathway.

Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by

tissue thromboplastin.