10,11,13,14,15
Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?
CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?
CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.
Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?
HIV/AIDS
Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?
Jaundice
A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of
vitamin K deficiency.
One of the cardinal features of sickle cell anemia includes acute and chronic dysfunction of which organs?
Spleen,Bones.Brain.Lungs
Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with
telangiectasia.
The only known curative treatment for CML is _____ bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor.
allogeneic
Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of
glucose.
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is
infection
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of
intrinsic factor
Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both
microcytic.
The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in
Fibrinolysis
Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before ____ years of age in patients with sickle cell anemia.
2
Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they
have no cytoplasmic organelles.
An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is
histamine.
Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves
impaired muscle function.
The effects of histamine release include
increased vascular permeability
Hemophilia B is also known as ________ disease.
Christmas
Which viruses have been implicated as cancer-causing agents? (Select all that apply.)
a. Epstein-Barr b. Human T-cell leukemia c. Human immunodeficiency
Anaphylaxis may occur in certain hypersensitivity reactions, including type (Select all that
a. I. b. II.
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)
deficient immune response.
The nurse is educating a patient diagnosed with anemia of chronic renal failure about the disease. Which statements made by the nurse are correct regarding the patient's treatment?
"Since your glomerular filtration is 13 mL/min, you'll be started on dialysis." b. "Your hematocrit is 29%, so you're going to start on erythropoietin therapy." c. "Your hemoglobin is 9 g/dl, so you'll need erythropoietin therapy." e. "You're going to need iron, folate, and B12 therapy to help improve your blood counts."
A 5-year-old patient's parents report loss of appetite and fatigue in their child. The parents also state that the child refuses to walk due to pain. The child's most likely diagnosis is
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
The patient is a 12-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Manifestations of the patient's leukemia prior to treatment may include (Select all that apply.)
a. anemia. b. leukocytosis. d. thrombocytopenia.
he Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene calles
bcr-abl.
Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum
bilirubin.
The final step in clot formation is:
clot retraction.
A newborn has melena, bleeding from the umbilicus, and hematuria. The newborn most likely experiencing
vitamin K deficiency bleeding.
A male patient involved in a motor vehicle accident is brought to the emergency department with acute flank pain. What additional signs of bleeding may the patient exhibit? (Select all that apply.)
a. Hematuria b. Melena c. Hematemesis e. Hemoptysis
What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?
Pancytopenia
RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) would be appropriate in an Rh-_____ woman with an _____ Rh-_____ antibody titer carrying an Rh-_____ fetus.
negative; negative; positive
A patient presents to the physician's office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years.
4 and 7
In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia).
A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is
Bence Jones proteins in the urine.
Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with
Epstein-Barr virus.
What is involved in the release of plasminogen activators? (Select all that apply.)
Factor XII HMWK Kallikrein Thrombin
Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called ________ proteins.
HLA or MHC
Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type ____ hypersensitivity reactions.
I hypersensitivity
A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.
III
The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is type
IV.
The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is
IgE
What is necessary for red blood cell production?
Iron
A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?
Iron deficiency
A patient is diagnosed with aplastic anemia. The nurse expects to find what patient symptoms upon assessment? (Select all that apply.)
Lethargy, Heart palpitations, Transient murmurs
Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?
Liver
Regarding iron deficiency anemia, what laboratory features are typically decreased?
MCV, MCH, MCHC
Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease?
Myeloma
While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is
activity restriction.
Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with
hemophilia.
The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dl is _____ ml oxygen/dl.
19.4
Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?
The vena cava
Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as
bicarbonate ion.
A cause of thrombocytopenia includes
chemotherapy.
Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count?
Hemolytic anemia
A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is
aspirin.
Treatment for hemophilia A includes
factor VIII replacement.
The megakaryocyte is a precursor to
platelets.
A patient is diagnosed with CML (chronic myeloid leukemia). The patient may experience which of these symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
a. Fatigue b. Weight loss c. Abdominal discomfort e. Sweats
The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (International Normalized Ratio) measure the integrity of
extrinsic pathway.
Which involves bleeding associated with vascular or platelet defects? (Select all that apply.)
Bleeding that occurs immediately aftert rauma Bleeding that involves skin or mucous membranes Bleeding that is brief in duration
Which causes vasoconstriction?
Norepinephrine
Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?
Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruisin
Hapten mechanisms are found in which medications?
Penicillin Cephalosporins Tetracycline
A newborn patient is diagnosed with hemolytic disease. The nurse may expect to find what signs and symptoms?
Petechial hemorrhages Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Kernicterus
A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs
Platelet adhesion to injured tissue
Anemia related to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency is characterized by what laboratory features?
RBC counts of 500,000 to 750,000 cells/mm3 d. WBC counts of 4000 to 5000 cells/mm3
Which diseases may be associated with a bleeding problem? (Select all that apply.)
Renal failure Cirrhosis Systemic lupus erythematosus . Ovarian cancer
A patient is diagnosed with stage III non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is preparing to undergo treatment. Which treatments may be used to treat this patient's cancer? (Select all that apply.)
a. Radiation b. Bone marrow transplant c. Chemotherapy d. Lymph node transplant
A patient is diagnosed with hairy cell leukemia. The patient's lab results would most likely indicate a decrease in (Select all that apply.)
a. granulocytes. b. platelets. d. red blood cells.
A patient is diagnosed with myeloma. The nurse teaches the patient about the multiple tumor sites that can develop with this cancer. The possible tumor sites in myeloma include the (Select all that apply.)
a. liver. b. spleen. e. kidneys.
A patient is diagnosed with stage IIA Hodgkin disease. This patient's clinical stage was most likely determined by (Select all that apply.)
a. patient history. d. CT scan. e. physical examination.
Secondary immune deficiency problems may be caused by (Select all that apply.)
a. surgery. b. high blood sugar. c. corticosteroids. e. low protein leve
Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they
develop recurrent infections.
Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is
elevated total iron-binding capacity.
The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is
erythropoietin administration.
The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is
infection.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to
inhibit clotting factor consumption.
The cause of the most common form of anemia is
iron deficiency.
The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the
kidney.
The ________ is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of factor VIII.
liver
Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions because
massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation.
A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is
mast cells.
The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is
measures to improve oxygenation.
The anemia resulting from a deficiency of either vitamin B12 (cobalamin) or folate is caused by a disruption in DNA synthesis of the blast cells in the bone marrow that produces very large abnormal bone marrow cells called ________.
megaloblasts
A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest X-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is
myeloma.
Autoimmune diseases result from (Select all that apply.)
overactive immune function and failure of the immune system to (A,C)
The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the
oxygen-hemoglobin affinity.
Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by
recipient antibodies.
The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of
resistance.
The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is
selective IgA.
An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with
shift to the left.
Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the _________.
spinal cord
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which
stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of
the intrinsic pathway.
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by
tissue thromboplastin.