104D Multiple choice questions

Public school systems around the world are relatively new. They were created in the A) 19th century (1800s) B) 20th century (1900s) C) 18th century (1700s)

A) 19th century (1800s)

Japanese Haiku is a form of poetry that has how many lines per stanza? A) 3 lines B) 5 lines C) 4 lines

A) 3 lines

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of puppet theater? A) A shy child cannot portray a bold, brash character; a child who has difficulty keeping still in class is unable to manipulate a puppet to portray a slow-moving, timid creature. B) Any student can play any part; it does not matter what size, age, gender, ethnicity one is. C) The child puppeteer is able to try out different roles, metaphorically learning what it is like to walk in another's shoes.

A) A shy child cannot portray a bold, brash character; a child who has difficulty keeping still in class is unable to manipulate a puppet to portray a slow-moving, timid creature.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why a rich arts curriculum can be especially important at urban schools that serve diverse, low-income neighborhoods. A) Arts lessons allow children to take a rest from learning and just be kids. B) The visual and performing arts provide a valuable outlet for children who must walk through dangerous streets to get to school and may need an opportunity to work through the tensions and challenges they have experienced in their lives outside of school. C) The arts can help create a cultural meeting place within the classroom, so that meaningful human encounters can take place across the metaphoric borders that separate cultural enclaves in the surrounding neighborhood.

A) Arts lessons allow children to take a rest from learning and just be kids.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit that university students interested in a career in teaching may gain from doing fieldwork with children in K-12 schools? A) Decreased interest in furthering their knowledge of the disciplines they studied at the university. B) Learning to interact with children in ways that reward curiosity, build motivation (especially internal motivation), and provide a balance between freedom and structure. C) Experience in transforming their knowledge in such a way as to make it understandable to the novice and useful in a setting outside the university.

A) Decreased interest in furthering their knowledge of the disciplines they studied at the university.

If one were to compare learning about a culture through its music or through the quantitative analysis of social science data, how might the latter experience (social science analysis) be characterized? A) It distances one from the lived experience of a culture but enhances objectivity B) It forges an emotional connection. C) It creates a deeper sense of shared humanity

A) It distances one from the lived experience of a culture but enhances objectivity

According to Sir Ken, if you are not prepared to be wrong you will A) Never come up with anything original B) Be motivated to study hard for tests C) Have lots of arguments

A) Never come up with anything original

Which words for tempo mean fast and very fast? (Select as many as you need) A) Presto B) Largo C) Andante D) Allegro E) Adagio

A) Presto D) Allegro

Which of the following is NOT a musical style with its roots in Louisiana? A) Salsa B) Zydeco C) Cajun

A) Salsa

Which of the following is NOT a reason why English language learners (ELLs) benefit from vibrant arts programs? A) Sitting quietly and drawing or painting helps ELLs to avoid the embarrassment of making mistakes in oral English during verbal interactions. B) Visual and performing arts lessons can provide many opportunities for ELLs to mime, act out, respond with gestures and get feedback, allowing children to experiment with the new language while they are still learning its rules and structure. C) Visual and performing arts lessons create a playful atmosphere in which children do not feel like they are being judged when they cannot remember a word.

A) Sitting quietly and drawing or painting helps ELLs to avoid the embarrassment of making mistakes in oral English during verbal interactions.

Which of the following musical genres does NOT share African roots" A) country B) rock C) rap D) blues

A) country

Tribes of the Sioux Nation (among other Plains Indians) maintained historical calendars composed of winter counts. Tribe historians would A) depict a significant event for each year on a buffalo or deer skin B) keep leather books in which they recorded detailed accounts of important events. C) preserve the history of their tribe entirely by memory, never making use of pictures or European-style writing.

A) depict a significant event for each year on a buffalo or deer skin

What are dynamics? A) how loud or soft a sound is B) How long or short a note is C) The way notes are played over time

A) how loud or soft a sound is

Child puppeteers often wear black shirts and black gloves when manipulating their puppets on-stage because A) the audience sees the puppet and doesn't notice the puppeteer when the puppeteer is wearing black. B) this makes them feel more like a team. C) black clothing helps audience members to pick out the puppeteers.

A) the audience sees the puppet and doesn't notice the puppeteer when the puppeteer is wearing black.

Writing differs from conversation in that A) there is no audience B) there is an assigned topic C) when people talk, they can change the direction of the conversation as often as they like

A) there is no audience

Eisner asserts that how students learn to think and what they are able to think about is profoundly affected by .... A) school curriculum & how it is taught B) personal aptitudes C) family background

A)school curriculum & how it is taught

The benefits that children who attend K-12 schools in low-income neighborhoods are likely to receive from arts lessons delivered by university students include all of the following EXCEPT A) A "leveling of the playing field" in terms of opportunities available to children in affluent neighborhoods and those children whose neighborhood schools have limited resources B) Diminished support for exploring their unique capacities as individuals C) Encouragement to discover in themselves artistic talents of which they had been unaware

B) Diminished support for exploring their unique capacities as individuals

Residents of the Italian city of Florence know their city as A) Köln B) Firenzi C) München

B) Firenzi

Which of the following is NOT true? A) Haiku avoids complicated words and grammar B) Haiku always uses complete sentences C) Haiku is highly accessible, even to students with short attention spans

B) Haiku always uses complete sentences

The "speed" of music is described with words like adagio, largo, andante or presto, which are taken from which language? A) Spanish B) Italian C) French

B) Italian The "speed" of music is described with words like adagio, largo, andante or presto, which are taken from the Italian language.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of "intellective competence"? A) The cognitive skills needed to reason by analogy and metaphor B) Lack of interest in using the intellectual skills one has been taught to make sense of one's experience C) The capacity to hypothesize and confirm relationships between disparate phenomena

B) Lack of interest in using the intellectual skills one has been taught to make sense of one's experience

"Color" is an element of visual art that can described in terms of two qualities. Which of the following is NOT one of these qualities? A) Hue, which defines the name of the color, e.g. red, yellow, etc. B) Lightness, the degree of light and dark in an image. C) Intensity, which describes the purity or strength of a color.

B) Lightness, the degree of light and dark in an image.

For children who speak a language other than English at home to learn to read and write in English, they must first learn A) the most frequently used words in English language textbooks. B) oral English. C) how to sound out English words.

B) Oral english

Which of the following is NOT true of poetry? A) Poetry is a literary work in verse. B) Poetry is literary work that rhymes. C) Poetry is characterized by its meter.

B) Poetry is literary work that rhymes.

Texture is the surface quality of an object that we sense through touch. It can be real or implied by different uses of art media. Which of the following is NOT an adjective that would be used to describe texture? A) hard B) bright C) rough

B) bright

The article "Tracing Cultural Migration through Music" argues that A) history has long been most high school students' favorite subject. B) by recreating the musical "soundtrack" of American history teachers can help K-12 students to feel a connection to the United States history curriculum. C) musical history is best taught at the university level.

B) by recreating the musical "soundtrack" of American history teachers can help K-12 students to feel a connection to the United States history curriculum.

Haiku poets primarily write about... A) dramatic situations that involve heroic characters B) common, everyday experiences, usually involving natural objects C) historical occurrences that have shaped subsequent events

B) common, everyday experiences, usually involving natural objects

When children improvise scenes from stories, they A) don't see the point of acting out a story they they have already read. B) immediately bring their own experiences to bear, helping them to understand the feelings of the characters. C) see the scenes in the story the same way they do when they read the story.

B) immediately bring their own experiences to bear, helping them to understand the feelings of the characters.

Which of the following is NOT a dimension on which creativity may operate? A) cognitive processes B) lessons in which children fill out workbook pages C) social/emotional processes

B) lessons in which children fill out workbook pages

The arts, including language arts, are means through which . A) feelings are expressed B) meaning can be made & shared C) reality is duplicated

B) meaning can be made and shared

In which element of music do pitches go up, down, or stay the same? A) rhythm B) melody C) texture

B) melody

Which element of music best describes how 'high' or 'low' notes sound? A) timbre B) pitch C) texture

B) pitch

Which element of music contains beat and no beat? A) harmony B) rhythm C) melody

B) rhythm

When a teacher has students do a quick-write in class, as preparation for a class discussion, A) students tend to copy each others' ideas B) the quick-write requires each student to arrive at an individual solution to the problem posed by the writing prompt before the discussion starts C) the teacher is forced to spend a long time giving each student a chance to speak

B) the quick-write requires each student to arrive at an individual solution to the problem posed by the writing prompt before the discussion starts

Line can be defined as a path made by a moving point or as a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. It can be thick or thin -- or actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, or diagonal. Which of the following could NOT be called a line? A) An outline or a silhouette B) The edge of a shape or form C) A shade or highlight

C) A shade or highlight

Howard Goodall argues that melody constitutes "music's soul." How does he support that statement? A) Music has a powerful effect on human emotions, making it possible for music to act as a bridge between the world's cultures. We can often feel the emotional impact of a song, even when we don't understand the lyrics. B) All of the world's musical traditions make use of the five notes that make up the pentatonic scale (the black notes on a piano keyboard). C) All of the above

C) All of the above

Walking down streets around the world, what typically American sound is one likely to hear? A) American football games B) American baseball games C) American popular music

C) American popular music

In differentiating between the mind and the brain, Eisner says that brains are "biological resources" while minds are "forms of ....." A) problem solving tools B) memory storage C) cultural achievement

C) Cultural achievement

The benefits that university arts students can derive from doing fieldwork teaching the arts in K-12 schools include all of the following EXCEPT... A) The transition from arts student to teacher requires the transformation of each university student's expertise from abstract procedural knowledge to a more flexible and fully assimilated performance capacity that can be adapted to a wide variety of situations. B) When university arts students are asked to share what they have learned, they are compelled to reflect more deeply on the nature of artistic experience. C) In responding to the challenge of teaching children, university students lose confidence in their ability to present ideas to people who are unfamiliar with them.

C) In responding to the challenge of teaching children, university students lose confidence in their ability to present ideas to people who are unfamiliar with them.

Musical terms are written in what language? A) French B) German C) Italian

C) Italian

A "Form" has three dimensions, height, width, and depth. Which of the following could NOT be called a "Form". A) a sphere B) a cube C) a shape

C) a shape

An African musical instrument called the "ngoni" was an ancester of the .... A) guitar B) fiddle C) banjo

C) banjo

When children feed a make-believe situation into their own knowledge base, A) the decontextualized language on the page interferes with comprehension of what is going on in the story. B) they struggle to understand the relationship between events in the story and what the characters do. C) children arrive at feelings and utterances appropriate for playing the role of a character in that story.

C) children arrive at feelings and utterances appropriate for playing the role of a character in that story.

When imagining the hopes and fears of famished goats trying to cross a bridge guarded by a hungry troll -- or of three little pigs trying to escape a big, bad wolf -- A) children are limited by their ability to express themselves in correct English sentences. B) children find it difficult to relate to the plot of fairy tales from outside their home culture. C) children can bring to bear their life experiences and their abilities, no matter what their level of facility with oral English.

C) children can bring to bear their life experiences and their abilities, no matter what their level of facility with oral English.

An image or idea only acquires social value if it is .... A) recalled with clarity B) applicable to a problem C) converted into public form

C) converted into public form

Classrooms in which children are expected to sit quietly at their desks A) are necessary to keep order in the classroom. B) are best for young English language learners because they do not have to risk embarrassment by speaking out loud in a language they do not know well. C) do not serve young English language learners well because ELLs need direct and frequent verbal interaction with individuals who know the second language well and can provide the English learner with accurate feedback.

C) do not serve young English language learners well because ELLs need direct and frequent verbal interaction with individuals who know the second language well and can provide the English learner with accurate feedback.

Writing essentially consists of A) responding to a prompt B) remembering what one knows about a subject C) figuring out what information a reader will need and deciding how best to provide that information

C) figuring out what information a reader will need and deciding how best to provide that information

Which element talks about the overall structure or plan of a piece of music and describes the layout of a composition as divided into sections (which can be discussed in terms of repetition and difference)? A) texture B) harmony C) form

C) form

A noun like "tree" can be treated as simply an example of a larger abstract class, entitled "trees." When that happens, the individual tree is .... A) carefully studied B) largely ignored C) given a label but perceived

C) given a label but perceived

Which of these terms refers to two or more notes sounding at the same time? A) rhythm B) texture C) harmony

C) harmony

Which of the following is not one of the 3 basic ingredients of melody? A) the notes chosen B) the pitch of the notes C) how loud the notes are D) pattern the notes form

C) how loud the notes are

According to Eisner, the concepts of order and tidiness—of uniformity and standardization—that have been imposed on the public school curriculum have excluded what important offshoot of genuine learning? A) inquiry B) evaluation C) surprise

C) surprise

Timbre, also known as tone color, refers to ..... A) how loud or soft the sound is B) the length of the sound (how long or short it is) C) the quality of the sound

C) the quality of the sound

Eisner argues that that arts, when well-taught, are fundamental in refining sensibility and cultivating the capacity to .... A) plan for the future B) recall past events C) think imaginatively

C) think imaginatively

The immediacy of arts-based prompts can provide a pivotal advantage when teaching persuasive writing because A) students only have to concentrate for a short period of time B) students do not need to make an effective argument; they can just describe what they heard or saw C)there are no "right" answers when describing on's own aesthetic experience; so students don't have to worry about whether their answer is "correct" and can focus on the effectiveness of their arguments

C)there are no "right" answers when describing on's own aesthetic experience; so students don't have to worry about whether their answer is "correct" and can focus on the effectiveness of their arguments

How does Sir Ken define "creativity?"

Creativity is the process of having original ideas that have value.

Which two words for tempo mean slow and very slow? (Select as many as you need) A) Presto B) Adagio C) Andante D) Allegro E) Largo

E) Largo B) Adagio

Which of the following is NOT an element of visual art? A) shape B) texture C) color D) value E) rhythm F) form G) line

E) rhythm

Melody is the element of music that most strongly touches our _________ .

Emotions

Bringing children to museums once a year is enough to teach them a love of art.

False

If children can sound out the words in a sentence, it is clear that they understand that sentence.

False

Young people in the United States have, on average, a broad knowledge of world geography.

False

How does Sir Ken explain the unusual success of Finland on the international PISA test, etc?

Finland has a broad curriculum in its schools, in contrast to the narrower curriculum in U.S. schools, which focuses disproportionately on language arts and math. There is also very little standardized testing in Finland.

What three things do the world's high-performing educational systems do?

First, these systems individualize teaching and learning, realizing that it is the students who are learning and the system has to engage them, their curiosity, their individuality and their creativity. Second, they give high status to the teaching profession, realizing that you can't improve education if you don't get great people to teach and if you don't give them constant support and professional development. Third, they devolve responsibility to the school level for getting the job done. They don't assume a command-and-control system where the government regulates what the teachers do. Legislators are too far-removed from the classroom to know what specific students need. If discretion is removed from teachers, the system stops working.

What does Sir Ken believe has caused the failure of standards-based initiatives like No Child Left Behind to improve education?

Human beings are naturally different and diverse, but NCLB focused on a very narrow spectrum of knowledge and skills. An adequate curriculum has to focus on a much broader range of knowledge and skills. This makes it possible to build on the strengths of all students. As things stand, most students feel bored and frustrated--not motivated--in school.

________ is the term that refers to the distance between the notes on a scale.

Interval

How do the unborn baby's exposure to the mother's heartbeat and the rhythm of humans walking on two feet help explain humanity's visceral attraction to rhythm?

Long before infants are able to see the light of day, their world is dominated by the comforting beat of the mother's heart. After emerging into the outside world, the act of walking gives us a feel for a regular, repetitive beat: left-right, left-right, left-right. As a result, rhythm is the part of music that interacts most immediately and spontaneously with our bodies.

Why does Sir Ken think the United States has been unable to raise student achievement, despite the large investments that it has made in school reform?

Many current education policies are based on a mechanistic conception of education, as if education were an industrial process that can be improved just by having better data. The attitude of policymakers seems to be that, if everything is adjusted just right, the system will hum along perfectly into the future. But it does not work because education is not a mechanical system; it is a human system. Each student either puts effort into learning or does not--for reasons rooted in that students' life story. There are trends, but each biography is unique. As in the medical profession, each individual's unique needs must be addressed if that person is to thrive. That means individualizing education at the school level.

In what hierarchical order of importance does Sir Ken say he has seen school subjects ranked all around the world?

Mathematics Languages Humanities Arts

_______ is the term that refers to how high or low a note is.

Pitch

Why does Sir Ken think that schools kill creativity?

Public schools focus only on skills valued on the current job market & they cause students to fear making mistakes.

Rhythm, stripped down to its basics, has a choice of which two of the following? A) Melody B) Tempo C) Dynamics D) Pitch E) Pulse

Rhythm has a choice of tempo and pulse. B) Tempo E)Pulse

What does Sir Ken argue currently stands in the way of student learning in schools?

Schools have developed a culture of compliance that undercuts students' curiosity. The focus is on getting students to supply the right answer to a question, as opposed to allowing students to follow their natural urge to explore the world in an attempt to better understand it.

What change does Sir Ken argue is needed in the priorities of public school systems?

Schools need to recognize the importance of humanity's creative capacities in finding solutions to the world's current problems. Therefore, schools must encourage children to develop their natural talents, so that they will be prepared to discover these solutions wherever they may lie.

What does Sir Ken say stimulates creativity?

The interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.

What is the reason for the hierarchical order of importance in which school subjects are ranked?

The subjects that are assumed to be most important are those that are the most useful for getting a job when students leave school.

Why does Sir Ken believe many talented, intelligent people think they are not smart?

The things they are good at were not valued at school and may have been stigmatized.

To what does Sir Ken attribute the steep rise in the number of children diagnosed with ADHD in recent years?

Too much of what children are asked to do in school resembles low-grade clerical work. As a result, Students get bored and start to fidget. Yet the curriculum demands that teachers focus repeatedly on drilling students on a narrow range of skills. This demands that children sit still and pay attention. When a student does not do this, the assumption is that there is something the matter with the student.

"Imagery" refers to vivid descriptions that produce mental pictures

True

Many teachers in the elementary grades have not received training in encouraging meaningful verbal interactions in the classroom.

True

The difficulties facing novice writers can be addressed by including writing as part of a broader dialogue that includes both oral and written components.

True

Today's kindergarten classrooms have come to resemble the first grade classrooms of decades past, emphasizing formal reading and math instruction, instead of play and socialization.

True

We use the adjective "Hellenic" to refer to Greek civilization because Greeks refer to their land as Elláda (Ελλάδα).

True

Sir Ken argues that the unpredictability of the future should be taken into account by educational policymakers. For what reason?

We don't know what knowledge children will need in the workplace when they are adults, so we don't know how to prepare them for that workplace. Instead we should prepare students to recognize and take advantage of their own talents.

Verbal interactions in the classroom have waned because of A) the diversity of the students in the classroom. B) the influence of instructional technology. C) pressure to prepare students for written tests.

pressure to prepare students for written tests.

Every music system in the world shares the ___________

the 5 notes of the pentatonic scale