11
in hyperparathroidism, excessive production of PTH results in degeneration of the
bones
the hypothalamus, pineal gland, and pituitary gland are located in the
brain
thyroid secretes _______ hormone, which increses the absorption of calcium into bones
calcitonin
congenital hypothyroidism, characterized by delayed or abnormal physical and mental Development
cretinism
Disease characterised by high blood glucose and glucose in urine
diabetes mellitus
a localized or General condition of excessive fluid retention and swelling in the body tissues is known as _____
edema
test done to determine the body's response to insulin
glucose tolerance test
a condition characterized by excessive growth of hair or presence of hair in unusual places is called
hirsotism
excessive secretion of ADH results in increased blood volume, also known as
hypervolemia
insulinoma is a generally benign tumor but can cause ________
hypoglycemia
the ______ is the control center of the autonomic nervous system and produces hormones that affect the behaviors of other endocrine glands
hypothalamus
where are the thyroid and parathyroid glands located?
in the throat
Addison's disease is caused by
insufficient secretion of cortisol/aldosterone
hormone that helps lower blood sugar levels in the body
insulin
In diabetic ________, ketone bodies are produced as a result of high blood sugar levels
ketoacidosis
adrenal glands located on top of
kidneys
what is the major job of the endocrine system?
maintaining equilibrium among organs and systems in the body
the hormone ______ is critical to the 24hr sleep wake cycle, aka _______ rhythm
melatonin, circadian
what is the term for the processes by which the body absorbs and uses nutrients?
metabolism
the adrenal glands produce _____, a group of hormones involved in maintaining electrolytes levels and regulating blood pressure
mineralocorticoids
does the thyroid gland begin to shrink during puberty?
no
is the hypothalamus the master gland which produces hormones that affect the behaviors of other endocrine glands?
no, pituitary gland
Do glucocorticords help maintain electrolyte balance and regulate blood pressure?
no; mineralocortocoids
a _____ HCG test measures the amount of human corionic gonadrtropin present in the blood
quantitative
Pancreas is located behind and inferior to the
stomach
thymus gland is located in the ____, between the lungs
sturnum
inadequate calcium levels May produce nervous excitability and muscle spasms known as
tetany
the _________ test is considered the most accurate measure of thyroid activity
thyroid stimulating hormone
surgical removal of the thyroid gland
thyroidectomy
why are oral hypoglycemic agents taken?
to lower blood glucose
thyroid gland wraps around front and sides of
trachea/windpipe
hormones that help control the release of other hormones in the body are called
tropins
describe the difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes
type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin production being low due to abnormalties in the islets of langerhans, while type 2 diabetes results when normal insulin is produced but body cannot use it efficiently OR it cannot produce enough to keep up with weight gain
Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates ___ during childbirth and milk production
uterine contactions
do some hormones regulate the release of other hormones?
yes
a person is considered obese if he or she is more than ____ percent over average weight for age gender build and height
20%
diabetes insipidus is a rare type of disabilities caused by inadequate secretion of ___ by the pituitary gland
ADH
prolonged use of steroids can result in _____, characterized by weakness, thin skin, hypertension, and weight gain
Cushing's syndrome
which disease is characterized by exophthalmos?
Graves disease
an excess of acid in the body, body fluids, and tissues is known as
acidosis
a malignant tumor of a gland or mucus secreting organ is called an
adenocarcinoma
the sex glands are produced mainly in the ovaries and testes, the _____ also produces small amounts
adrenal cortex
two layers of adrenal gland, outer is _____, inner is _______
adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla/cortex
during stress, epinephrine and norepinephrine is secreted by the
adrenal gland
cortisol and cortisone, which regulates blood glucose level, are produced by the
adrenal glands
______ secrete insulin in the islets of Langerhans, ________ secretes glucagon
beta cells, alpha cells