1.1 The study of life reveals common themes
Chlorophyll
The pigment molecule that makes a maple leaf green, and it absorbs sunlight during photosynthesis.
Epidermis
The pores though the ___ allow entry of the gas CO2
Photosynthesis
The process that converts light energy to the chemical energy of sugar.
Prokaryotes
Which are generally smaller? Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes.
Energy
Work requires ____.
Interactions
____ among organisms help regulate the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole.
Chlorophyll
______ molecules are organized into systems that convert light energy to the chemical energy of food.
Eukaryotic Cell
contains membrane enclosed organelles
Chloroplasts
responsible for photosynthesis.
Community
the set of populations that inhabit a particular area
Nucleotides
Chemical building blocks that make up the two strands of DNA.
The Biosphere
Consists of all life on earth and all the places where life exists: most regions of land, most bodies of water, the atmosphere to an altitude of several kilometers and even sediments far below the ocean floor.
Chromosomes
Contain genetic material in the form of DNA
Genes
Each a section of the DNA of the chromosomes. Units of inheritance.
Organ System
Each a team of organs that cooperate in a larger function
Nucleotides
Encode the information in genes.
Light, Heat
Energy flows one way through an ecosystem, usually entering as ___ and exiting as ___
Emergent Properties
New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.
Consumers
Organisms, such as animals, that feed of producers and other consumers.
Reductionism
Reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.
Gene Expression
The information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product.
Honeycombed Tissue
The main location of location of photosynthesis.
Evolution
The one idea that makes logical sense of everything we know about living organisms.
Feedback Regulation
The output or product, of a process regulate that very process.
Ecosystem
At the ___ level, each organism interacts with other organisms.
Prokaryotic
Bacteria and Achaea are what kind of cells?
A, T, C, and G
The four nucleotides that make up DNA
Organization, Information, Energy and Matter, Interactions, and Evolution.
What are the unifying themes?
Organ
A body part that carries out a particular function in the body
Molecule
A chemical structure consisting of two or more units.
Tissue
A group of cells that work together, performing a specialized function.
Negative Feedback
A loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus. The most common form of regulation in living systems.
CO2
A raw material for sugar production.
Ecosystems
All living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts, such as soil, water, atmospheric gases, and light.
Eukaryotic
All other forms of life, including plants and animals are composed of ___
Population
All the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area.
Antibody
Helps fight off infection.
Positive Feedback
In which an end product speeds up its own production. EX: clotting of your blood in response to injury is an example.
Organisms
Individual living things
Glycogen
Insulin causes excess glucose to be stores in the form of a very large carbohydrate called ____, reducing blood glucose level to a range that is optimal for a bodily functioning.
Prokaryotic Cell
Lacks a nucleus or other membrane- enclosed organelles.
Cell
Life's fundamental unit of structure and function.
Atoms
Molecules consist of two or more units called ___
Cell
Smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life.
Heat
Some of the energy is lost as ___
What are the levels of biological organization? (in order)
The Biosphere, Ecosystems, Communities, Populations, Organisms, Organs and Organ Systems, Tissues, Cells, Organelles, Molecules.
Biological Community
The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem.
Evolution
The concept that the organisms living on Earth today are the modified descendants of common ancestors.
Genome
The entire "library" of genetic instructions that an organism inherits.
Proteome
The entire set of proteins and their properties.
Systems Biology
The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts. (HINT: Enables us to pose new kinds of questions and can be used to study all life at levels.)
Evolution
The scientific explanation for the unity and diversity- as well as for the adaptation of organisms to their environments.
Proteomics
The studying of sets of proteins and their properties.
Genomics
The studying of whole sets of genes (or other DNA) in one or more species.
Bioinformatics
The use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high-throughout methods.
Organelles
The various functional components present in cell. EX: Chloroplasts.
Enzyme
Those that either decompose or store sugar are accelerated at the molecular level (catalyzed) by proteins
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Two main forms of cells
Enzyme
Used to break down a certain sugar molecule.
Strands
two long chains in DNA are called ____
