11th Grade Anatomy Human Skeletal System Part 2 Notes
Ilium
Largest part of coxal bone
Ischium
Most inferior part of the coxal bone
Metacarpals
Palm bones
False Ribs
Ribs that attach to the sternum by a common cartilage
True Ribs
Ribs that connect directly to the sternum
Metatarsals
Sole or instep
What are the 8 parts that make up the cranium (skull)?
↠1 frontal bone ↠2 parietal bones ↠1 occipital bone ↠2 temporal bones ↠1 sphenoid bone ↠1 ethmoid bone
What 4 bones make up the pectoral girdle?
↠2 Clavicles--collarbone -Slender and s-shaped -Stabilizes shoulder but structurally weak (breaks easily) ↠2 Scapulas--shoulder blade -Triangular shape
What are the bones of the pelvic girdle?
↠2 coxal bones (hipbones) ↠Sacrum ↠Coccyx
Tarsals
↠Ankle ↠Supports weight of body
What parts make up the appendicular skeleton?
↠Bones of arms and legs ↠Bones of shoulder ↠Pelvis
What are the bones of the lower limb?
↠Femur (thigh) ↠Patella (kneecap) ↠Tibia and Fibula (leg) ↠Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (foot)
What are fontanelles in the fetal skull?
↠Fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones ↠Allow the brain to grow ↠Convert to bone within 24 months after birth
Sternum
↠Flat, blade-shaped bone ↠Composed of 3 bones: manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Xiphoid process
↠Inferior and smallest portion of sternum ↠Attachment site for diaphragm
Fibula
↠Lateral (away from midline) to the tibia ↠Stabilizes ankle
Mandible
↠Lower jaw ↠Only movable bone of the skull ↠Contains tooth sockets for 16 teeth
What is the male pelvis like in comparison to the female pelvis?
↠Not as wide or broad ↠Pelvic cavity is funnel-shaped ↠Bones are heavier and larger ↠Pubic arch is more narrow
Foramen Magnum
↠Opening in the occipital bone ↠Area where spinal cord joins the brain
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
↠Pectoral girdle ↠Limbs (appendages) ↠Pelvic girdle
What do the bones of the cranium (skull) do?
↠Protects the brain ↠Bones are attached by immovable joints called sutures
Tibia
↠Shin bone ↠Medial (towards the middle) of the fibula ↠Thicker--bears weight o femur
What parts make up the axial skeleton?
↠Skull ↠Vertebral column ↠Rib cage
Maxilla
2 bones that form the upper jaw
Zygomatic bone
2 cheek bones
How many bones are in the adult human body?
206 bones
Pubis
Anterior part of coxal bone
Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Bones of the hand
What is the function of the vertebral column?
Protect spinal cord, support rib cage, attaches to pelvis
Floating Ribs
Ribs that do not attach to the sternum
Iliac crest
Top of the ilium
Patella
Triangular bone that protects the knee joint
Pubic symphasis
Where the 2 pubic bones meet
Carpals
Wrist bones
What do the bones pf the pelvic girdle do?
↠The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis ↠Protects several organs -Reproductive organs -Urinary bladder -Part of the large intestine
The Pectoral (shoulder) Girdle
↠These bones allow the upper limbs to have exceptionally free movement ↠Composed of 4 bones
Femur
↠Thigh bone ↠Strongest and longest bone in the body
What is the skull?
↠Two sets of bones -Cranium -Facial Bones ↠Skull bones are joined by sutures ↠Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint
The Vertebral Column
↠Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs (pads of fibrocartilage) ↠The spine has 4 normal curvatures ↠Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location -C=Cervical (C1-C7) -T=Thoracic (T1-T2) -L=Lumbar (L1-L5)
What is the female pelvis like in comparison to the male pelvis?
↠Wider pelvis and broader hips ↠Pelvic cavity is shallow ↠Bones are lighter and thinner ↠Pubic arch is wider
What are the 2 parts of the adult human body?
1. Axial Skeleton 2. Appendicular Skeleton
What are the 4 facial bones?
1. Maxilla 2. Mandible 3. Nasal bone 4. Zygomatic bone
What are the 3 parts that make up the rib cage?
1. Ribs (12 ribs connected to the vertebrae) 2. Sternum 3. Thoracic vertebrae
What are the 3 types of ribs?
1. True Ribs 2. False Ribs 3. Floating Ribs
How many thoracic vertebrae are in the rib cage?
12
Phalanges of the hand
Finger bones
Radius and Ulna
Forearm bones
What is the function of the rib cage?
Forms a cage to protect major organs (heart, lungs)
Nasal bone
Forms bridge of the nose
Phalanges of the foot
Toes
Humerus
Upper arm bone