11th Grade Anatomy Human Skeletal System Part 2 Notes

Ilium

Largest part of coxal bone

Ischium

Most inferior part of the coxal bone

Metacarpals

Palm bones

False Ribs

Ribs that attach to the sternum by a common cartilage

True Ribs

Ribs that connect directly to the sternum

Metatarsals

Sole or instep

What are the 8 parts that make up the cranium (skull)?

↠1 frontal bone ↠2 parietal bones ↠1 occipital bone ↠2 temporal bones ↠1 sphenoid bone ↠1 ethmoid bone

What 4 bones make up the pectoral girdle?

↠2 Clavicles--collarbone -Slender and s-shaped -Stabilizes shoulder but structurally weak (breaks easily) ↠2 Scapulas--shoulder blade -Triangular shape

What are the bones of the pelvic girdle?

↠2 coxal bones (hipbones) ↠Sacrum ↠Coccyx

Tarsals

↠Ankle ↠Supports weight of body

What parts make up the appendicular skeleton?

↠Bones of arms and legs ↠Bones of shoulder ↠Pelvis

What are the bones of the lower limb?

↠Femur (thigh) ↠Patella (kneecap) ↠Tibia and Fibula (leg) ↠Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (foot)

What are fontanelles in the fetal skull?

↠Fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones ↠Allow the brain to grow ↠Convert to bone within 24 months after birth

Sternum

↠Flat, blade-shaped bone ↠Composed of 3 bones: manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Xiphoid process

↠Inferior and smallest portion of sternum ↠Attachment site for diaphragm

Fibula

↠Lateral (away from midline) to the tibia ↠Stabilizes ankle

Mandible

↠Lower jaw ↠Only movable bone of the skull ↠Contains tooth sockets for 16 teeth

What is the male pelvis like in comparison to the female pelvis?

↠Not as wide or broad ↠Pelvic cavity is funnel-shaped ↠Bones are heavier and larger ↠Pubic arch is more narrow

Foramen Magnum

↠Opening in the occipital bone ↠Area where spinal cord joins the brain

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

↠Pectoral girdle ↠Limbs (appendages) ↠Pelvic girdle

What do the bones of the cranium (skull) do?

↠Protects the brain ↠Bones are attached by immovable joints called sutures

Tibia

↠Shin bone ↠Medial (towards the middle) of the fibula ↠Thicker--bears weight o femur

What parts make up the axial skeleton?

↠Skull ↠Vertebral column ↠Rib cage

Maxilla

2 bones that form the upper jaw

Zygomatic bone

2 cheek bones

How many bones are in the adult human body?

206 bones

Pubis

Anterior part of coxal bone

Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

Bones of the hand

What is the function of the vertebral column?

Protect spinal cord, support rib cage, attaches to pelvis

Floating Ribs

Ribs that do not attach to the sternum

Iliac crest

Top of the ilium

Patella

Triangular bone that protects the knee joint

Pubic symphasis

Where the 2 pubic bones meet

Carpals

Wrist bones

What do the bones pf the pelvic girdle do?

↠The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis ↠Protects several organs -Reproductive organs -Urinary bladder -Part of the large intestine

The Pectoral (shoulder) Girdle

↠These bones allow the upper limbs to have exceptionally free movement ↠Composed of 4 bones

Femur

↠Thigh bone ↠Strongest and longest bone in the body

What is the skull?

↠Two sets of bones -Cranium -Facial Bones ↠Skull bones are joined by sutures ↠Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint

The Vertebral Column

↠Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs (pads of fibrocartilage) ↠The spine has 4 normal curvatures ↠Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location -C=Cervical (C1-C7) -T=Thoracic (T1-T2) -L=Lumbar (L1-L5)

What is the female pelvis like in comparison to the male pelvis?

↠Wider pelvis and broader hips ↠Pelvic cavity is shallow ↠Bones are lighter and thinner ↠Pubic arch is wider

What are the 2 parts of the adult human body?

1. Axial Skeleton 2. Appendicular Skeleton

What are the 4 facial bones?

1. Maxilla 2. Mandible 3. Nasal bone 4. Zygomatic bone

What are the 3 parts that make up the rib cage?

1. Ribs (12 ribs connected to the vertebrae) 2. Sternum 3. Thoracic vertebrae

What are the 3 types of ribs?

1. True Ribs 2. False Ribs 3. Floating Ribs

How many thoracic vertebrae are in the rib cage?

12

Phalanges of the hand

Finger bones

Radius and Ulna

Forearm bones

What is the function of the rib cage?

Forms a cage to protect major organs (heart, lungs)

Nasal bone

Forms bridge of the nose

Phalanges of the foot

Toes

Humerus

Upper arm bone