1.2- How Computers work
raster images
-saves each pixel -stores color value with each pixel
vector images
-take up less space than a raster -3D movies and video games -fonts -wont loose storage -lots of logos -computer store points and curves
1000 bits per second
1 kilo-hertz=
Lossy Compression
A Compression that slightly alters the data to make it easier to store.(a little differently). Common file types, JPG, MP3, MP4.
Bit depth
The amount of memory used, number of bits per sample, sound quality. Most computers today use 16-bits->65,535 possible values
ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
Was used in the beginning. 7-bit binary code. Extended ASCII uses an 8-bit binary.
A Kilobyte is the same as a 1024 bytes
What is a Kilobyte?
A gigabyte is about a billion bytes, or 1024 megabytes
What is a gigabyte?
A megabyte is about a million bytes, or 1024 kilobytes
What is a megabyte?
A terabyte is about a trillion bytes, or 1024
What is a terabyte?
MP4
What is the common file type for compressed videos?
MP3
What is the most common compressed file for audio?
A text document
Which kind of file would be most hurt by a lossy compression algorithm?
Storage space
Which of the following BEST describes what a kilobyte is a measurement of?
Unicode
Which of the following encoding schemes would MOST likely be used to represent an emoji?
A single 1 or 0 in a digital signal
Which of the following is the best definition of a bit?
1 0
Which of the following is the correct binary representation of the number 2?
1,480 Mbps(explanation: 1,480 Mbps is equal to 1.48 Gbps and so its the fastest transfer rate listed because it is greater than 1.24 Gbps. In summary. 1,480 Mbps > 1.24 Gbps > 181 Mbps > 1,282 Kbps.
Which of the following transfer rates is the FASTEST?
Vector(images, such as fonts, can be scaled to any size without losing image quality).
Which type of digital picture can be scaled to any size without losing quality?
Raster
Which type of digital picture is made by storing individual pixel values?
Color depth
a measure of how many bits are used to encode each color in a picture or video
Sampling Rate
a measure of how many samples are made from an audio wave each second. Measured in hertz.
bit depth
how many bits are used to encode each individual sample in an audio recording
Frame rate
measure
frame rate
the measure of how many individual images are shown each second in a video
resolution
the measure of how many pixels are in each individual image in a picture or video. How many pixels wide and tall each image is.
Throughput
the measurement in bits per second that information is transferred through a network
Large Files
High bit depth +High sampling rate=
8
How many bits are in a single byte?
30 frames per second
How many frames per second is there today?
Unicode(used to make emojis)
Is what is used now. Written in under-cased. Can be used in all languages and all characters. An international 16-bit encoding standard that accomodates character sets from multiple languages, with each letter, digit, or symbol being assigned a unique numeric value.
Audio: Bit depth and Sampling Rate Video: Color Depth, Resolution, and Frame Rate
Match each feature to whether it influences audio or video quality.
lossless compression
A compression algorithm that doesn't affect the original data(exactly the same). Common types, GIF, PNG, PDF, AND ZIP.
3 Terabytes
A consumer wants to add a hard drive to their computer to store video from their camera. Which of the following would represent the storage capacity of a modern hard disk drive (HDD) purchased from a computer store?
Decimal
Given the numerical value 1010101.11, which of the following number systems is MOST likely represented?
Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, and Terabyte
Arrange the following from smallest to largest.